Posobie_po_anglyskomu_yazyku

3. Choose three innovations and present them to the classmates giving your arguments to proof the innovations are necessary.

Homework

1.Translate from Russian into English.

1.Инновации – источник развития образования.

2.В средние века знания передавались в устной форме.

3.В современном мире специалист с высшим образованием должен быть готов к непрерывному образованию.

4.Для того чтобы адаптироваться к быстро меняющейся действительности студент должен развивать умственные способности и уметь принимать самостоятельные решения.

5.Нужно помнить, что образование всегда служит социальному заказу общества.

6.Лучший способ научиться чему–то и узнать что–то новое это не получение готовых знаний, а самостоятельный поиск решения проблемы.

7.Главная задача учителя сегодня – это научить студентов учиться.

8.Много новых изобретений появляется каждый день, чтобы сделать нашу жизнь легче и удобней.

9.Под влиянием достижений в науке и технике новые информационные

технологии используются в образовательном процессе.

10. Благодаря новым телекоммуникационным технологиям, стало возможным доставлять образовательные услуги в удаленные горные районы.

2.What do the following statements mean? Define the idea and develop it in written form.

1.“Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” George Gobel

2.“Accident is the name of the greatest of all inventors.” Joseph Newcomer

3.The film studio is going to make a documentary film about the greatest inventions of the mankind. You an expert who decides what inventions should be included in the film. You are supposed to speak about one invention only. Present information on:

1.the invention you consider to be one of the greatest in the world;

2.the name of the person it was designed by;

3.the country this invention was made in;

4.what this thing was made for;

5.how it is used now;

6.how it influenced our life;

7.why you are sure that it should be included in the film.

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LESSON 9. DISTANCE EDUCATION

Brainstorming activity

Try to give all the possible answers to the question.

Why is distance education a rapidly developing phenomenon in our information society?

Active vocabulary

1. Repeat and practice the active vocabulary of the lesson after the teacher.

1.	amazing (a)	– поразительный
2.	approach (n)	– подход
3.	capitalize on (v)	– извлекать выгоду из
4.	challenge (v)	– бросать вызов
5. computer usage		– использование компьютеров
6.	distance education	– дистанционное образование
7.	distance learning	– дистанционное обучение
8.	enhance (v)	– улучшать
9.	face-to-face environment	– зд. образовательнаясреда,
		использующаяобщение«лицомклицу»
10.	flexible (a)	– гибкий
11.	increase (v)	– увеличивать
12.	keep smb abreast of	– быть в курсе событий
13.	learning style	– стиль познания
14.	on-the-job training	– учеба без отрыва от производства
15.	out-of-date (a)	– устаревший
16.	potential benefit	– потенциальная выгода
17.	real-time seminars	– семинары в режиме реального
		времени
18.	rehearse (v)	– повторять
19.	remote (a)	– удаленный
20.	reshape (v)	– придавать новый вид (форму)
21.	review (v)	– просматривать
22.	rural areas	– сельскохозяйственный район
23.	supporting materials	– дополнительные материалы (учебные)
24.	technological advancement	– совершенствование технологии
25.	to be adapted to	– адаптироваться ( к новым условиям)
26.	up-to-date (a)	– современный
27.	upgrade one’s skills	– усовершенствовать навыки

Lead–in

1.Discuss in small groups the following questions.

1.Do you think learning, the process of acquiring knowledge, will ever take place without teachers and traditional system of education (classrooms, lectures, seminars, exams)?

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2.Would you like to study in a virtual environment and never meet your teacher in reality?

3.What are the benefits of computer usage in the classroom (for students, for teachers)?

4.What are the potential benefits of using computer for learning English outside the classroom?

Reading

1.Answer the questions using your background knowledge.

1.Have you ever heard the term “Distance education”?

2.How does Distance Education differ from the traditional one?

3.What are the main means of delivering knowledge in Distance Education?

4.Do you agree that the introduction of DE is the revolution in educational process?

1. Read the text and formulate its main idea.

DISTANCE EDUCATION

For the decades universities and colleges have been looking for ways of offering courses to students who do not have access to the university campus, usually because of physical distance. Nowadays it is obvious that new information technologies, in particular, WWW and Internet are major technological advancements reshaping not only our society but also that of universities worldwide. Through Internet universities can offer full university-level courses to all registered students, complete with real– time seminars and exams and professors' visiting hours.

The Web is extremely flexible and its distance presentations and capabilities are always up-to-date. It offers polysensory materials that is, the students can get the text, audio and video of whatever subject they are willing to have. Thanks to telecommunication networks students can not only essentially increase their informational potential, but also get a unique possibility to communicate with their colleagues all over the world. In fact, Russia's students can graduate from foreign universities while remaining in Russia. In light of this, universities have to capitalise on the Internet for teaching, and one progressive development of this is the use of Distance Learning.

Distance Learning is one of the most progressive methods of delivering knowledge nowadays. It can be defined as an approach to education delivery that replaces the same–time, same-place, face-to-face environment of a traditional classroom. It is a technology that makes it possible to deliver a good (and relatively cheap) higher education beyond a physical campus.

Distance education is used for a broad range of purposes:

zuniversities use it to increase the number of students who have access to higher education;

zcompanies use it to upgrade their workers' skills and keep them abreast of rapidly advancing technologies;

zindividuals use it for their own professional development and to enhance their career opportunities;

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zgovernments use it to provide on-the-job training to teachers or other workers, to enhance the quality of traditional primary and secondary schooling, and to

deliver instruction to remote rural areas that might not otherwise be served. The potential benefits of Web–based learning resources are:

zflexibility in the place of learning;

zmaterial may be presented in alternative formats, speech, print, graphics, voice;

zmaterial can be adapted to various learning styles;

zstudent can clarify, rehearse and review supporting materials without interrupting the flow of the learning;

zsession for classmates;

zproblems of distance, transportation and physical accessibility are reduced. Though the possibilities of Distance Learning are great and it’s really an innovative

way of knowledge delivery it challenges the human mind. Much research should be done in the area to find out the effective ways of computer usage in educational process.

Distance Education is defined as a formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when student and instructor are not in the same place. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous. Distance education may employ correspondence study, or audio, or video, or computer technologies.

Distance Learning is technology used in Distance education. It refers to the alternative approach to traditional classroom instruction, whereby learning packages are delivered to the learners via multiple channels: mail, media...The term is used to designate any learning that takes place between a teacher and a learner when they are not in the same place at the same time.

Answer the question to the text.

1.What makes Distance Education different from the traditional one?

2.What are the categories of customers the Distance Education may be useful for?

3.How can Distance Learning be defined?

4.What are the potential benefits of Web–based materials?

5.What are the means of communication used to establish contact between students and teachers in Distance Learning?

6.What problems can educators face while introducing Distance Education into practice?

Vocabulary practice

1. Complete the gaps using the phrases given: computer, environment, courses, advancement, real–time, distance, style, rural areas, to have, to upgrade

1.to offer _______

2._______ access

3.technological ________

4._______ seminars

5._______ learning

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6.face–to–face __________

7.________ one’s skills

8.learning _____

9.remote ________ _____

10._______ usage

2.Fill in the prepositions and make sentences with the expressions got.

1.____ light ____ this

2.to capitalize ___

3.to keep smb abreast ____

4.___–the-job training

5.to be adapted ____

6.to interfere ____

3.Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian expressions.

Гибкий, устаревший, дистанционное обучение, подход, потенциальные

преимущества, повторять учебный материал, просматривать дополнительные материалы, университетский городок, информационные технологии, способ передачи знаний, полисенсорные материалы.

Discussion

1. Read the text and match the headings with abstracts of the text.

A.Student support and services.

B.Lack of experience.

C.Feedback and teacher contact.

D.Isolation.

E.Training.

BARRIERS TO LEARNING IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: HUMAN FACTOR

1.There are several areas of concern for distance students. A first area of concern for the distance student is the lack of contact with the teacher. Because there is not daily or weekly face-to-face contact with teachers, students may have trouble in selfevaluation. These barriers can be mitigated through e-mail.

2.A second area of concern for distance students is the lack of support and services such as providing tutors, academic planners and schedulers, and technical assistance. Technology costs and considerations can be a source of budgeting problems; however, student support for distance learners should be of primary importance.

3.A third problem area is the feelings of isolation reported by distance students. Students of all kinds want to be part of a larger school community, and simply a member of a “correspondence” course. For many traditional students, this is an important part of their social lives.

4.Another problem encountered by students is the lack of student training, particularly in reference to technical issues. Distance learners must be taught how to manage, not only their study time, but the materials presented as well.

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5. If students are undertaking distance learning courses that require knowledge of computers, then the students must be taught, at a minimum, the fundamentals of operating the system of choice of the distance-taught course. If distance learning is to be successful, technical barriers must be made a non-issue.

2.Discuss in groups the following questions.

1.How can the problems or barriers enumerated in the text be decided? Suggest your own decision for each problem.

2.Distance learning is an independent learning. What features of character can help the student who studies beyond the physical campus to get a degree and not to drop out (бросить) the study? (to be self-disciplined, to be responsible, to have the ability to study, to be motivated, etc.)

3.What features of character may interfere with the normal process of study? Give your arguments. (to be lazy, to be unreliable, to be light-headed etc.)

3.Give the summary of your discussion to the groupmates.

Communication: comparing, contrasting, expressing preferences.

1.Compare and contrast two means of communication: post and e-mail. Which do you think is most efficient and why?

Comparing and contrasting

The main/greatest/most significant difference between two means of communication is that …

The most sticking/obvious similarity is that…

The first means of communication, ….. whereas/while/but in the second one…

2.Which of these means (e-mail, text messages, post, cell phone) do you mostly use to communicate with your family/friends?

Expressing preferences

I’d much rather … than

I don’t like the idea of …, so I would prefer to …

I am not a fan of …., so I would choose to …

Homework

1. Fill in the gaps using the appropriate Tense form of the verb in brackets.

TEXT MESSAGES

Can you remember where you ____ 1 (to be) when the first text message _____ 2 (to be sent) in the UK? You can't? I'm not surprised. Nobody ______ 3 (to remember)

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it. But it's an unpredictable world, and nothing has been less predicted than the rise of text messaging. It ______ 4 (to come) from nowhere to become the fastest growing phenomenon in recent times.

Over 2 million text messages _______ 5 (to be sent) every hour in the UK. The mobile phone industry ______ 6 (to claim) that 95% of them arrive within 10 seconds in normal circumstances'. Texting 7 _______(to open) up an entirely new area of communication that ______ 8 (not to exist) before.

Texting _____ 9 (to become) a means for parents to maintain contact with their children, for grandparents to bond with grandchildren, for television to interact with the audience. It is a marketing tool of huge potential for companies, which, for the first time, can build up profiles of individual users and target them with special offers.

Texting has not been successful simply because it ______10 (to enable) you to communicate with others by phone without speaking, but also because it is brief and no one

_______11 (to expect) to follow the usual formalities. Its simplicity may ensure its long life.

2.Translate sentences from Russian into English.

1.Дистанционное обучение – это способ трансляции знаний с помощью новых информационных технологий.

2.В течение многих лет университеты искали способ предоставления образовательных услуг в далекие сельскохозяйственные и горные районы.

3.Информация в сетевых курсах может постоянно обновляться.

4.В системе Дистанционного образования преподаватель и студент общаются друг с другом при помощи электронной почты.

5.Всемирная паутина предоставляет огромные возможности для поиска дополнительных учебных материалов, как для студентов, так и для преподавателей.

6.Цели обучения на дистанционных курсах могут быть разные: получение высшего образования, повышение квалификации, дополнительное обучение.

7.В дистанционном обучении используются разные технологии: семинары в реальном времени, выезд преподавателей для проведения лекции и экзаменов.

8.Студент может повторять или читать дополнительные материалы, не мешая своим сокурсникам.

9.Для того чтобы держать студентов в курсе событий материалы курса постоянно обновляются.

10.У Дистанционного обучения есть свои преимущества и недостатки, но использованиекомпьютероввобразовательномпроцессе– этовеяниевремени.

3.Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give arguments.

1.The main purpose of education nowadays is to teach students to learn.

2.Lifelong learning is the best way to keep oneself abreast of advances in science and technology.

3.To become a highly qualified specialist a person should take additional training every 5 years.

4.Distance education has more disadvantages than advantages.

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LESSON 10. WHAT DOES PSYCHOLOGY STUDY?

Brainstorming activity

Discuss the following question and give all the possible answers to it.

What does psychology as social science study?

Active vocabulary

Listen and pronounce the active vocabulary of the lesson after the speaker.

1.	affection (n)	– привязанность
2.	approach (n)	– подход(в исследовании)
3.	be concerned with	– интересоваться, заниматься чем-то
4.	be convinced of	– быть убежденным в чем-то
5.	behaviour (n)	– поведение
6.	child rearing methods	– методы воспитания детей
7.	conscious life	– сознательная жизнь
8.	conscious self	– самосознание
9.	consciousness (n)	– сознание, разум
10.	conditional reflexes	– условные рефлексы
11.	emhpasize on	– придавать особое значение, подчеркивать
12.	environment (n)	– окружающая среда
13.	focus on (v)	– сосредоточиться на
14.	human being	– человек
15.	human factor	– человеческий фактор
16.	inner life	– внутренний мир
17.	mental health	– психическое здоровье
18.	mental illness	– психическое расстройство
19.	origin (n)	– происхождение
20.	pattern of thought	– образ мышления
21.	personality (n)	– личность
22.	persuade (v)	– убеждать
23.	prevent (v)	– предотвращать
24.	psycho-physiology	– психофизиология
25.	psychoanalysis (n)	– психоанализ
26.	psychological findings	– психологические данные
27.	self-actualization	– самоактуализация
28.	social rules	– правила поведения в обществе
29.	social science	– общественная наука
30.	solve a problem	– решать проблему
31.	space exploration	– исследование космоса
32.	specialize in (v)	– специализироваться в
33.	subject-matter	– предмет изучения, тема
34.	unconscious instincts	– бессознательные инстинкты

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Lead-in

1. Using your background knowledge about psychology as a science, complete the following sentences. You may use the phrases given below.

Biology, sociology, anthropology, physiology, philosophy, social psychology, child psychology, pedagogical psychology, medical psychology, behaviour, activity, experiment, observance, test, modeling.

1.Psychology is closely related to many other sciences such as ….

2.The branches of psychology are ….

3.The subject matter of psychology is …

4.Research methods of psychology are ….

2.Agree or disagree with the following statements. You may use the phrases given to prove your point of view.

To develop personality, to affect people’s feelings and emotions, to influence upon

people’s behaviour, to answer human problems of our day and age, to help people become more self-actualizing, to communicate with people, to rear children.

1.Learning basic facts and research methods of psychology is extremely important in our present-day society.

2.The modern Russian educational system needs psychological service today.

3.People of legal professions rather than of engineering ones require specific psychological knowledge.

3.Try to develop the idea given. Agree or disagree. Give your arguments.

“The object of psychology is to give us a totally different idea of the things we know best”. Paul Valéry.

Grammar: sequence of tenses.

1.Say whether the action of the object clause precedes, follows or is simultaneous with the action of the principal clause in the following sentences.

1.At the conference a lecturer told us that psychology, the science of mind and behaviour, had emerged in the nineteenth century.

2.The mayor promised that specialized clinics for such children would be founded in our city.

3.She claimed that the problem was to test the hypothesis.

4.My friend said that he had been interested in the problem since he had entered the University.

5.Scientists believed that the facts of human behaviour had changed little since the time of primitive man.

6.We asked our teacher what branches of psychology we would study during our psychology course?

7.Last week I read that ideas from medical sciences, especially from physiology and neuro-anatomy were continually being used by psychologists.

8.It was published that a technique for measuring visual pigments in living human eye had been developed by Rushton at Cambridge University.

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9.Criminologists thought that a criminal’s motives wouldn’t be difficult to define.

10.I heard that different methods and approaches had been applied to the investigation of the workings of the human body.

2.Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form. Mind the sequence of tenses.

1.It was announced that the techniques of the experiment (would be objected; were objected) to.

2.It is known that an Institute of psychology in the Russian Academy of Science (was opened; had been opened) in 1971.

3.We were disappointed to learn that hypothesis (was not proved; had not been proved) yet.

4.Many students were encouraged that they (acquired; would acquire) the knowledge of psychology soon.

5.It was written that nobody (were allowed; had been allowed) to enter the room.

6.The theory was based on the assumption that children (were born; are born) with the innate abilities.

7.Some psychologists claimed that intelligence testing (were; have been) disastrous for many children.

8.It is acknowledged that a great part of psychological research (consists; consisted) of quantitative experimenting.

9.We were told that the behaviouristic approach (was; had been) often referred to as a stimulus-response psychology.

10.Everybody was satisfied that after a long discussion an agreement (was; would be) arrived at.

3.Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

1. The students were informed that for Freudists what was hidden (to be) more important and real than what we (to feel) and (to do).

2. Humanists believed that man (to be born) basically good, and that conscious forces (to be) more important than unconscious forces.

3. It is seldom that this response (can) be measured by direct method.

4. We were said that the subject’s activity (to underlie) the development of abilities. 5. I was sure that he (to provide) already you with the all necessary books.

6. It was found that instrumental learning (not to be limited) to skeletal responses. 7. He understood that he (to be mistaken) in classifying types of human behaviour. 8. My daughter told me that she (not to demonstrate) her skills before a big

audience.

9. Now we realized what a great contribution psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists (to make) to each other’s efforts.

10.The chief manager promised that the next year our laboratory (to be equipped) fully.

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