Путешествие в страну устных тем
.pdfUNIT III. MY PROFESSION
Practise saying, translate and learn the vocabulary:
The humanitarian-social specialities:
1. |
Psychology; |
Psychologist |
2. |
Advertising; |
Expert in advertising |
3. |
Commerce (trade business); Expert of commerce |
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4.Document-managing and document maintenance of management; Docu- ment-manager
5.Engineering protection of environment; Engineer-ecologist Computer sci-
ences:
1.Computer safety;Mathematician
2.Software and administration of information systems; Mathematicianprogrammer
3.Automated systems of information processing and control; Engineer
4.Software of computer facilities and automated systems; Engineer
5.Information systems and technologies; Engineer
6.Applied computer science (in management); Engineer Speciality of economy and management:
1.World economy; Economist
2.Economy and management at the enterprise; Economist-manager
3.Management of organization; Manager
Machine-building specialities:
1.Machines and technology of foundry manufacture; Engineer
2.Machines and technology of metals processing by pressure; Engineer
3.Equipment and technology of welding manufacture; Engineer
4.Machines and technology of highly effective metal processing; Engineer
5. |
Control and informatics in technical systems; |
Engineer |
6. |
Mechatronics; Engineer |
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7. |
Robots and robotic systems; Engineer |
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8.Agricultural machines and equipment; Engineer
9.Technical service and maintenance of technological machines and equipment (motor transport); Engineer
10.Device-building; Engineer
11.Metrology and metrological maintenance; Engineer
12.Standardization and certification; Engineer
13.Engineering business in medical and biological practice; Engineer
14.Machines and devices of food manufactures; Engineer
15.Technology of art processing of materials; Engineer -technologist
16 Hydraulic machines, hydro-drives and hydro-automatics; Engineer
17. |
Technology of machine-building; |
Engineer |
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18. |
Technology of air craft building; |
Engineer |
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19. |
Metal-cutting machines and tools; |
Engineer |
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20. |
Dynamics and durability of machines; |
Engineer |
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21. |
Quality control; Engineer-manager |
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22. Automation of technological process and manufactures (in machinebuilding); Engineer
I. Read and translate the text
My Future Profession
When a person leaves a high school, he understands that the time to choose his future profession has come. It is very important to make a careful choice of future profession and a job at once. Leaving school is the beginning of independent life, the start of a more serious examination of a man’s abilities and character. As a rule, it is difficult for many school leavers to give a definite and right answer straight away.
As for me, I’m a “would be” engineer – a great piece of luck! This year I have managed to cope with and passed entrance competitive exams and now I’m a “freshman” (a first year student) of Rostov State Technical University. It aims to give the students the top level education and to enable them to carry on scientific research. After completing a course of five years our Department graduates can continue their studies and research and defend their thesis to get a scientific degree.
I have always been interested in Maths, Physics and Chemistry. That is why I consider engineering as a career. To my mind it is a very challenging, intellectual, vital, rewarding, stimulating and responsible work. Of course, you really need a sense of responsibility to cope with this job. Sometimes it is tedious, stressful and unsecure and it can be a real challenge to your character, but if you are devoted to it and ready to take the responsibility, you will definitely enjoy gratitude and respect if you go in for engineering.
Of course, it is for the future to decide whether it would be a factory or plant, business employment or any other institute, but anyway I’m sure this job is my cup of tea.
II. Language work
1. Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
To make/ take a careful choice, to have no choice, to be interested in, to consider … as a career, to take up a career/ a job, go in for …, to be in/ out of one’s line, to be one’s cup of tea, rewarding/ stimulating work, to be devoted to smth., to be responsible for smth., to take/ accept responsibility, to have/ need a sense of responsibility, to cope with smth., to earn/ enjoy gratitude and respect, the most vital job, a rewarding job, a challenge to your character, the same routine, stimulating work, career, challenge, choice, job, profession, reliable, responsibility, responsible, vital, vocation.
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2.Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Быть преданным своей работе, интересоваться чем-то, справляться с чем-то, делать тщательный выбор, работать (не) по профессии, заслужить благодарность и уважение, жизненно необходимая работа, не иметь выбора, подумывать о профессии …, быть чьим-то призванием, вызов характеру, надежный, ответственность, однообразие/ рутина, надежный, брать на себя ответственность, благодарная/ стимулирующая работа, быть ответственным за что-либо, иметь/ нуждаться в чувстве ответственности, карьера, призвание, работа, ответственный.
3.In pairs, comment on the benefits and drawbacks of the profession, you have chosen, using some of these adjectives.
absorbing |
secure |
high-profile |
vital |
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solitary |
challenging |
sociable |
rewarding |
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creative |
stressful |
conventional |
stimulating |
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tedious |
predictable |
intellectual |
responsible |
4.Below are conditions you want in an ideal profession. In pairs, list the conditions in order of importance.
Good pay
Stimulating work
Career opportunities
A comfortable workplaceCheerful colleagues
Flexitime
Generous holidays
Staff development (training courses, etc.)
5.Complete the dialogue, using words and word combinations from Ex. 1, 4, and practise it with your partner:
A: Hi! How are you?
B: Fine. I haven’t seen you for ages. A: Yes, nearly the whole summer. B: So, tell me about yourself.
A: Well, I finished school three months ago and now I study at DSTU. B: Great! And what are you going to take up as a career?
A: ……… Actually, I’ve already started. I began my studies a week ago. B: What are you going to be when you graduate?
A: I’m going to be a (an) ………
B: What made you decide to take up …………. as a career?
A: Well. I was interested in …….. at school and I think I have all necessary qualities and skills to cope with this job.
B: So you think it’s your cup of tea.
A: Exactly. For me it’s the most ….. and ….. work in the world!
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6. Complete the sentences and use them as a plan for your future talk on the choice of your profession.
I am sure that it is difficult to choose the ………………...
At school I was interested in …………… so I considered ……………. as my future career.
Now I’m in my first year at DSTU.
There are many specialities such as ………………, ………………….., …………… at our University..
I’ve taken up ………………………. as a career.
I’m going to be a (an) ……………… when I graduate.
I like this profession because it’s …………………., ………………, …………………..
I think it’s the most ………..and ……………… profession in the world. I think I have all necessary skills and qualities to …………… with it . So I think it’s really my ……………………………….. .
UNIT IV. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Answer the following questions:
1.Where in Russia do you come from? 2.Is it a good place to live?
3.What would you enjoy about living in Russia? 4.What would you miss if you lived abroad?
5.Do you know any foreigners living in your country? What do they like about it? What do they find different?
6.When do you have celebratory meals in our country?
Practise saying, translate and learn the vocabulary:
in the eastern (western, southern, northern) part
to be washed by
to border on
to vary, variety, various
mountain chain
to be rich in smth.
natural and mineral resources
to concentrate
densely populated
to be famous for smth.
specific craft
wooden tableware; wood carving
not long ago
to perform
however
beverage
cuisine
arctic, subtropical climate; the temperate zone
cold, windy, snowy, hot, dry, rainy, foggy
the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere
to be located
the leading powers
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Head of Slate, government, Speaker, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme
Court
To consist of
branches: legislative, executive and judicial
to exercise
the Federal Assembly
chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma
to be introduced to, to approve, to sign, to veto, to appoint, to elect, to be
headed
to make international treaties
popular vote
a white-blue-and-red banner
the national anthem
the coat-of-arms, a double-headed eagle
I. Read the text and translate the italicized word combinations
RUSSIA
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vast territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.
Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Atlantic, and the Pacific. The seas are the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and others.
Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the southeast, Finland and Norway in the north-west and soon.
The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on the earth.
The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, coal, iron, gold and many others. Three quarters (3/4) of the country's minerals and fuels, including oil, natural gas, coal, diamonds and gold are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East. There are also iron ores near Kursk and in the Urals, where half of the world’s variety of minerals can be found.
The European part of the country is densely populated, and the most part of the population lives in cities and towns and their suburbs. The Russia's territory covers 17,075 million square kilometers. The population of Russia is 146.5 million, of which 83 per cent are Russians. There are 1,030 towns and cities in the country. There are many villages in Russia famous for their specific crafts: painted boxes in Palekh, wooden tableware in Khokhloma, and toys in Dymkovo. Log houses usually decorated with wood carving are typical for Russian villages. Not long ago people in Russian villages performed traditional khorovods (a kind of round dance) and chastushki (folk chanted rhymes) and rode in troikas (carriages drawn by teams of three horses abreast). Now young people prefer modern dances, motorcycles and cars.
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Traditional Russian cooking includes porridge, pancakes, various aspics, cabbage, chicken and fish soup, pies (turnovers), and kvass (a beverage made from fermented rye bread). Siberian cuisine has such dishes as stroganina (frozen fish) and pelmeni (meat-filled dumplings).
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. But the temperate zone with four seasons prevails. Winters are cold, windy and snowy, and summers are hot and dry. Autumn brings rains and fogs. The coldest point of the northern hemisphere, where temperatures are minus 70" C, is located in Siberia.
There are 150 volcanoes in the Kamchatka Peninsula, 30 of which are active. The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about
10 million people.
Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world. Head of Slate in Russia is the President. The government consists of three
branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls each of them. The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two
chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. A bill may be introduced to any chamber. A bill becomes a law if it is approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. He can make international treaties. The President may also appoint ministers; the Federal Assembly approves them. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for five years.
The executive power belongs to the Government, or the Cabinet of Ministers. The government is headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. It consists of the Supreme Court and other courts.
The national symbol of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The national anthem of Russia is composed by Alexandrov. The coat-of-arms is a double-headed eagle.
II. Language work
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words and phrases.
Europe, Asia, world, the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Baltic Sea, Mongolia, China, Finland, Norway, to vary, desert, valley, the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai, the Baikal, pure, the earth, the Russian Federation, natural and mineral resources, deposits, Siberia, iron ores, variety, the European part, kilometer, per cent, various, Siberian cuisine, temperatures, Peninsula, legislative, executive, judicial, the Federal Assembly, anthem.
2. Choose the right variant.
1. Who guarantees the basic rights of the people?
A. the President |
B. the Chairman of the |
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Government |
2. Who elects the members of the Federal Assembly? A. the Federal Government B. the people
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3. |
Who appoints the Chairman of the Government? |
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A. the President |
B. the Federal Assembly |
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4. |
Who approves the Chairman of the Government? |
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A. the Duma |
B. the Constitutional Court |
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5. |
Who elects the President? |
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A. the Federal Assembly |
B. the people |
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6. |
Who can dissolve the Duma? |
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A. the President |
B. the Chairman of the |
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Government |
7. |
Who can declare laws unconstitutional? |
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A. the Supreme Court |
B. the Constitutional Court |
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8. |
Who can veto laws passed by the Federal Assembly? |
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A. the President |
B. the Chairman of the |
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Government |
3. Answer the questions.
1.Where is the Russian Federation situated?
2.What is the total area of the country?
3.What countries does Russia border on?
4.What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia?
5.How many rivers are there in Russia?
6.Which is the longer river in Europe?
7.What do you know about Lake Baikal?
8.What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in?
9.What is the climate like in Russia?
10.What political system does the Russian Federation represent according to the Constitution?
11.Who is the head of state in the Russian Federation?
12.Which institutions exercise the legislative, executive, judicial power?
13.What is each branch of power responsible for?
UNIT V. ROSTOV-ON-DON
Answer the following questions:
1.When was Rostov-on-Don’s history started? What holiday did Moscow celebrate in 2009?
2.What part did Rostov play in Russian history?
3.When and why was the biggest part of Rostov destroyed?
4.How many people live in Rostov?
5.What can the tourists see on Teatralnaya square?
6.What historical event does the monument on Teatralnaya square commemorate?
7.What theatres do you know in Rostov? Have you ever been to one of them?
8.What is Rostov University famous for?
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Practise saying, translate and learn the vocabulary:
Temernitzkay customs, the fortress, the border of Russian Empire, the 1-st Russian Revolution, the railway knot, the spirit of revolt, the Cossackes, to be liberated from, to be occupied, to commemorate the victory in the Great battle of the 2- nd World War, more than 100000, the Musical Theatre, the Gorky Theatre, the Theatre of Young spectators, the Puppet Theatre, Warsaw University.
I.Read the text and translate the italicized word combinations.
Rostov-on-Don
Every city has its own spirit and peculiarities. As Marietta Shaginyan said: “Rostov is a city founded by traders for trade”. In this big southern city people of 130 nationalities live. It’s location is remarkable. It is situated at the cross of all roads leading to the South. “The Gates of the Caucasus” we call it. Its favourable location was the reason of its prosperity.
Rostov is a young city. We have just celebrated its 260 anniversary. There are no many places of historical or architectural interest in Rostov. It’s not only because of the age but because of the Great Patriotic War too. During the last war the city was greatly damaged. But all the same there are some interesting places here. The Gorky Theatre on Teatralnaya square. Built in the 30 of the last century it resembles a tractor in its form. It’s a constructive style fashionable for those years. Old fascinating buildings in Sadovaya street which are worse seeing, are the building of “Duma”, the hotel “Moskovskaya”, the restaurant “Yolky – Palky”. They were designed by academician – architector Pomerantzev at the beginning of the 20 century. The golden domes of the Cathedral draw our attention, too.
Rostov is a big industrial center. “Rostselmash” and “Rostvertol” are famouse all over the country.
It is a big cultural centre. There are 4 theatres here, many libraries, Universities and museums.
Rostov is getting bigger and bigger and it is one of the largest and important cities in Russia.
II. Language work
1.Practise the pronunciation of the following words and phrases.
Peculiarities, favourable location, the Great Patriotic War, the Cathedral, domes, the restaurant, academician, fascinating, archetector, century.
2.Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Spirit and peculiarities, at the cross, “The Gates of the Caucasus”, favourable location, prosperity, because of, the Great Patriotic War, all the same, to resemble, a constructive style, fashionable, to be worse seeing, at the beginning, the golden domes, to draw attention, to be getting bigger.
3.Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Привлекать внимания, вначале, модный, напоминать, Великая Отечественная Война, процветание, “Ворота Кавказа”, дух и особенности, становиться больше, золотые купола, стоит посмотреть, конструктивистский стиль, все равно, из – за, благоприятное местоположение, на перекрестке.
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4.Translate into English:
1.Город был построен на месте крепости, носивший имя Дмитрия Рос-
товского.
2.Благоприятное местоположение способствовало процветанию.
3.Казаки создали особую культуру и традиции.
4.Дон был Родиной всех лидеров крестьянских войн.
5.Дух бунта всегда жил в их душах.
6.Во время Отечественной войны город был сильно разрушен.
7.Театр, построенный в 30-х годах прошлого столетия, имел форму трак-
тора.
8.Любимое место отдыха – Ростовская набережная.
5.Complete the sentences and use them as a plan for your future talk on the history of Rostov-on-Don.
1.Rostov is a big southern city situated at …...
2.Its favourable location was …...
3.We call it ….., because …...
4.It’s a young city. We’ve just …...
5.It doesn’t have many ……, because ……
6.But all the same have there are interesting places, which are ……...
7.They are: ……..
8.Rostov is a big cultural center because …….
9.Rostov is an industrial city as ……...
10.Rostov is getting …….. Its population is ……..
UNIT VI. ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
I. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Answer the following questions:
1.What English speaking countries do you know?
2.Which English speaking countries have you visited? What was your experience? What did you like? What didn’t you like? Why?
3.Is it a good place to live?
4.Which English speaking country would you like to visit most? Why?
5.What is the difference between England, Great Britain and the UK?
6.The British have the best sense of humor. Do you agree?
Practise saying, translate and learn the vocabulary:
official name
to be situated on, to be located
in addition to
total area
in the north-west, west, east, south, north
to be washed by
to be separated from
to be divided into
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mountainous, lowland
due to
moderating influence
climate: insular, humid and mild
striking discrepancy
to consists of, to be made up
to be noted for
to be famous for
parliamentary monarchy
the head of state
to be limited
on the advice of
to reign, to rule, to act, to appoint
branches: legislative, executive and judicial
written constitution
the supreme authority.
Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
to elect, the election
a general election
Read the text and translate the italicized word combinations.
Great Britain (official name – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands, the larger which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. In addition to these islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands. The total area of Great Britain is 240,000 sq. kms, its population is 56,000,000 people.
In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east – by the North Sea. The island of Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel. Northern Ireland, which is a part of Great Britain and which is situated on the island of Ireland, is separated from Great Britain by the North Channel.
The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous (in the north and west of the island) and lowland (in the south and east). Ben Nevis is the highest point in the UK it is only 1343 metres high. It is located in the Northern Highlands in Scotland. There are no very long rivers in Great Britain. The most important rivers are the Thames (the deepest) and the Severn (the longest). The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the moderating influence of the sea Great Britain has an insular climate, rather humid and mild, without striking discrepancy between seasons.
The UK consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. England is noted for its “high-tech” and car industries. London is the capital of the UK. Scotland is a land of mountains, lakes and romantic castles. The center of government of Scotland is Edinburgh. It is large and busy. Wales is famous for its high mountains and pretty valleys, factories and coal mines, music and myths. The principal city of Wales is Cardiff. Northern Island, with farming land, is beautiful, too, it is a large industrial city with many fine building and a big port.
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