- •ABSTRACT
- •FOREWORD
- •OVERVIEW
- •TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •LIST OF FIGURES
- •LIST OF TABLES
- •REFERENCES
- •OBJECTIVES
- •CHARACTERISTICS OF ATOMS
- •Characteristics of Matter
- •The Atom Structure
- •Chemical Elements
- •Molecules
- •Avogadro's Number
- •The Mole
- •Mole of Molecules
- •Summary
- •THE PERIODIC TABLE
- •Periodic Table
- •Classes of the Periodic Table
- •Group Characteristics
- •Atomic Structure of Electrons
- •Summary
- •CHEMICAL BONDING
- •Chemical Bonding
- •Ionic Bonds
- •Covalent Bonds
- •Metallic Bonds
- •Van der Waals Forces
- •Organic Chemistry
- •Alkanes
- •Alkenes
- •Alkynes
- •Aromatics
- •Alcohols
- •Aldehydes
- •Basic Chemical Laws
- •Forming Chemical Compounds
- •Combining Elements
- •Summary
- •CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
- •Le Chatelier's Principle
- •Density
- •Molarity
- •Normality
- •Parts per Million
- •Chemical Equations
- •Balancing Chemical Equations
- •Summary
- •ACIDS, BASES, SALTS, AND pH
- •Acids
- •Bases
- •Salts
- •Dissociation Constant
- •Summary
- •Introduction
- •Isotopic Separation
- •Separation Factor
- •Stage Separation
- •Barrier Measurements
- •Cascade Theory
- •Circuit Balances
- •CONVERTERS
- •Converters
- •Converter Construction
- •The Gas Cooler
- •Barrier Tubing
- •Process Gas Flow
- •Diffusion
- •TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •LIST OF FIGURES
- •LIST OF TABLES
- •REFERENCES
- •OBJECTIVES
- •CORROSION THEORY
- •Corrosion
- •Electrochemical Cells
- •Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- •Passivity and Polarization of Metal
- •Summary
- •GENERAL CORROSION
- •Conditions Contributing to General Corrosion
- •Corrosion of Iron
- •Factors Affecting General Corrosion Rate
- •Prevention Chemistry Control
- •Corrosion of Aluminum
- •Summary
- •CRUD AND GALVANIC CORROSION
- •Crud
- •Galvanic Corrosion
- •Prevention of Galvanic Corrosion
- •Summary
- •SPECIALIZED CORROSION
- •Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
- •Stress Corrosion Cracking
- •Summary
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TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
1.0Without references, DESCRIBE the causes and effects of corrosion on metals and the type of chemistry used in a plant to minimize corrosion.
ENABLING OBJECTIVES
1.1DEFINE the following terms:
a.Ionization
b.Conductivity
c.Corrosion
d.Electrolysis
e.General corrosion
1.2DESCRIBE an electrochemical cell with respect to the corrosion of metals.
1.3STATE what happens to a metal during the oxidation step of the oxidation-reduction process.
1.4STATE what happens to a metal during the reduction step of the oxidation-reduction process.
1.5DEFINE the following terms:
a.Passivity
b.Polarization
1.6DESCRIBE the affects of passivity and polarization on the corrosion process.
1.7LIST the two conditions that contribute to general corrosion.
1.8DESCRIBE how the rate of corrosion occurring in the plant is affected by the following:
a.Temperature
b.Water velocity
c.Oxygen
d.pH
e.Condition and composition of the metal surface
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ENABLING OBJECTIVES (Cont.)
1.9LIST the three products that are formed from the general corrosion of iron.
1.10IDENTIFY the action taken for initial fill of a reactor system to limit general corrosion.
1.11STATE the four methods used to chemically control general plant corrosion.
1.12LIST the six water chemistry conditions that limit corrosion of aluminum.
1.13DEFINE the following terms:
a.Crud
b.Scale
c.Galvanic corrosion
1.14IDENTIFY the five problems associated with the presence or release of crud into reactor coolant.
1.15STATE the four causes of crud bursts.
1.16STATE the two conditions that can cause galvanic corrosion.
1.17EXPLAIN the mechanism for galvanic corrosion.
1.18IDENTIFY the two locations that are susceptible to galvanic corrosion.
1.19STATE the five control measures used to minimize galvanic corrosion.
1.20DEFINE the following terms:
a.Pitting corrosion
b.Crevice corrosion
c.Stress corrosion cracking
1.21STATE the two conditions necessary for pitting corrosion to occur.
1.22STATE the particular hazard associated with pitting corrosion.
1.23STATE the four controls used to minimize pitting corrosion.
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ENABLING OBJECTIVES (Cont.)
1.24IDENTIFY the three conditions necessary for stress corrosion cracking to occur.
1.25DEFINE the term chemisorption.
1.26STATE the hazard of stress corrosion cracking.
1.27STATE the three controls used to prevent stress corrosion cracking.
1.28DESCRIBE the two types of stress corrosion cracking that are of major concern to nuclear facilities including:
a.Conditions for occurrence
b.Method(s) used to minimize the probability of occurrence
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