Yang Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Particulate tendency								570
Particulatize					576
Paschen’s law						843
Peclet number						654
Peel off velocity						779
Pendular bridge						396
Pendular state						369
Penetration				212,			377
Penicillin			production					586
Perforated plates							210
Permeability				factor				726
Petroleum				335
Petroleum industry								614
Petroleum			intermediates							618
Petroleum resid processing											614
Petroleum resids							614
pH	614,		633,			637
automatic control								632
Pharmaceutical					industry					263, 356
Pharmaceuticals						335,			479,		634
Phase mixing					647
Phosphogypsum						423
Phthalic anhydride reactor										3
Physicochemical effects										637
Pi theorem				26
Pinch valves					749
Pipe diameter					725
Pipeline		length				480
Pipeline		unblocking						751
Pipelines			712,			747
Pipes/ducts
branching					753
Plant safety				857
Plastic pipe				860
Plasticizers				337
Plates		22
Plenum			223,		224,			361
Plowing effect						778
Plug flow
of coal			700
Plug flow behavior								655,		698
Plug flow operation								660
Plug	length			700,			703
Plug pulse system							690
Pneumatic conveyance									849
Pneumatic conveying								441,			482,
			713,		748
Pneumatic conveying lines										435, 452, 747

								Index					885
Pneumatic conveying systems											478,
	479,			738
Pneumatic transport						449,		506,
	823,			834
Pneumatic transport tube								240,			242
Pneumatic transportation								712
Poisson’s equation						826
Pollutant	loading				632
Polyethylene			particles				100
Polyethylene			plastic			80
Polymers		402
Population balance						345,		352,			353,
	407,			411,		413,		416
Pore distribution					380
Pore size		615
Porosity		371
Porous plate distributors								476
Porous plates				22
Post-combustion					590
Post-combustion ratio (PCR)										593,		595
Potential
electrostatic				828
Potential energy					572
Powder classification							715,		717, 729
Powder handling					850
Powder ignition					836
Powder processing						857
Powder systems					332
Powder-binder systems							369,			372
Powders		357,		366,		368,		715,			724,		817
catalyst		562
characterization						562
Power	572
Power generation					263
Pre-reduction				555,		592
Pre-reduction reactor (PRR)									590
Predictive tools
for scale-up				586
Preheating
ore 519
Pressure		126,		223,		443
elevated			111
Pressure balance					241,		813
Pressure drop				243,		707,		726,			741,		811
Pressure effects				120,			129
Pressure fluctuations							66,	95,		139,		214
Pressure loss				696,		766
Pressurized fluidized bed								76
Pressurized hot bed						59

886 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Pretreatment		439
Probabilistic Modeling						352
Probes
suspended		833
Process conditions				440
Process strategy			655
Process zone		400,		402
Processing time			363
Product	inhibition			656
Propagating brush discharge							846
Proportional-integral				(PI)		controller 735
Proteins	636
recombinant			634
Pseudo solid-solid reduction							553
Pseudo-layering			409
Pseudo-solid-solid reactions							546
Pulp 604
Pulp digester		609
Pulping	605
Pulse piston modeling					700
Pulse piston operation					700
Pulsed conveying system						686
Pulsed piston transport						699
PVC powder		725
Pyrite	523
Pyrite cinders			496

Q

q/m 834

R

Radial injection			316
Radial position			182,	185
Radiant heat transfer 129
Radiation fluxes			598
Radiation heat transfer					595
Radiative convection				191
Radiative heat transfer					162,	171,	199
Raining 508,		523
Ranz-Marshall		relation			512
Rat-holing	730,		733
Rate constant		5
Reactor configuration				655
Reactor diameter			650
Reactor feed temperature					618
Reactor start-up			633
Rebound	368
Recirculating fluid beds					706, 707
Recirculating fluidized bed						237,	257

Recombinant proteins						634
Recycle rate of solids						91
Recycling		613
Reducer
three-section					555
Reduction
pseudo solid-solid						553
Reentrainment			759,			779
Refractories			594
Relative	humidity				831, 835
Renewal mechanism						164
Reoxidation			594
Resid processing					614
Residence time					15,	197,	217,		497
Residence time distribution								9
Restitution
coefficient of					31,	381
Return leg		456
Reversals
transient		field			856
Reynolds number					37, 41,			43,	198,
	512,		654
Richardson-Zaki correlation								645
Riffle box		762
Riser density			145
Riser diameters					22
Risers	456
Risks
startup and shutdown							856
Rittinger’s		law		463
Roots-type blowers						752
Roping	765
Rotary splitter				762
Rotary valves			455,			736
Rotating-disc valve						749
Rotor granulator					357
S
Saccharomyces cerevisiae								661
Safety	838,		857
Salt solution			646
Saltation		725,		758
Sand 117, 270
Saturated granular surface								367
Saturation		369
Scale models			26, 39, 56, 59, 61
Scale-up		1,	2, 317, 362, 653, 654
example		363
jet nozzle			273

Scaled laboratory models										100
Scaling			82
simplified						44
Scaling experiments								28
Scaling laws						54,	94
Scaling		relationships						26,		27, 38, 39
verification						65
Scattering approximation										173
Scouring action							167
Screw feeders						455
Scrubber technology								832
Scrubbing					585
Sea sand				565
Seams			781
Secondary air injection									708
Sedigraph					556
Sedigraph procedures									777
Seeded coal process								263
Seeds		496
Segregation effect							830
Segregation roasting								519
Selection-for-breakage 444
Self preserving						413
Semco system						686
Semi-fluidization							551
Separator					788
Sewage treatment							632
SFL. See Staged fluidized leaching
Shallow beds						537
Shallow fluid beds								541
Shallow fluidized beds									163
Shape factors						777
Shear measuring device									369
Shear rate					394
Shear stress					242
Shocks			863
Shrouds				219,		230,		289
Shutdown					260,		735,		736
risks			856
Siderite				270
Silica		475
Silo	827
Simplified				scaling			41,		44,		61, 99
Single	plenum					361
Single traverse cyclone									788
Single-slug					conveying				729
Sinter-neck growth								420
Sintering			point			422
Sintering			temperature						418,		421

											Index			887
Sipernat		372
Size distribution						717, 792
Slag behavior
modeling				602
Slag foam			599
Slag layer			589,		590,			594,			599,
		600,		601
behavior			599
Slag phenomena						596
Slip factor			25
Slip velocity				22,		42,		573
Slow motion				126
Sludge retention time								654
Slug flow		720
Slug velocity				241
Slugging		13,		25,		69,		74,			251
Slugging beds				38
Slugging		characteristics							725
Slugging		classifications							718,			722
Slugging fluidized bed								73,			240
Slurry	367
Slurry bubble column								620
Slurry bubble column fermentors													586
Slurry bubble column reactors												585
Slurry Phase Distillate process												620
Slurry reactor				621
Smelting		reduction					588,		590
economics				603
Smelting reduction furnace (SRF)													590
Smelting reduction process
two-stage				592
Snowballing				409
Sodium carbonate						370,			372
Sodium hydroxide						613
Softening point					418
Solid circulation rate								239
Solid	concentration						179,			185, 190,				191
Solid flow mass flux								175
Solid fraction profile								77,		94,		95,
		96,		99
Solid loadings				265
Solid mass flux					182
Solid mixing				20
Solid phase			604
Solid-solid reduction
pseudo			553
Solid-to-gas density ratio										77,		80
Solids
recycle rate				91

888 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Solids circulation						240,		295,			299, 301
Solids circulation
rate		250,			251,		252,			257,		296
Solids concentration							186,			193
Solids distribution						518
Solids distributor					516
Solids entrainment						311,			313
Solids feed		32
Solids flow		695
Solids flow patterns							296
Solids flow rates					538
Solids flow regions							299
Solids flux		91
Solids flux profile						24
Solids holdup				644,			645
Solids loading				239,			753,			778
Solids mass flux					473
Solids mixing				237,			296,		648
Solids mixing rate						306
Solids particle velocity								272
Solids recycle rate						100
Solids residence time							441
Solids temperature						514
Solids transport					251
Solids-to-air mass flow rate ratio												753
Solvay process					585
Solvent Refined Coal process											585
Solventless coatings							357
Sorbent material					80
Sorbitol	585
Sparger	211
Sparger grids				218
Sparking		843
Sparking	potential					843
Sparks	839,		841,			842
Specific charge					822, 832,					864
Spheres
aerodynamically						equivalent					777
Sphericity		717
Spiral pattern				780
Split plenum			361
Splitters	760,			765
Splitting	efficiency					762
Spouted bed coaters							335
Spouted beds				356
multiple		260
Spouted fluid bed						237
Spouting beds				38,		74

Spouting velocity					238
Spray granules				482
Spray rate		359,			380
Spray zone			337,		351,		372
Spray-dried catalysts						438
Spray-drying				475
Stability
in fluidized beds						124
Stability	principle				124
Stabilized bed				657
Staged fluidized leaching									502
Stagnant gas stream						341
Stagnant zones				217
Stagnation		enthalpy				598
Start-up	259,			260,		735,			736
risks	856
Steel
smelting reduction							603
Steel particles				96
Stefan-Boltzman equation									171
Stepped-diameter pipelines									747
Stickiness		368,			418
Sticking		366,		381,		384
Stokes number				383, 384,					385, 386,
	387,			392,		394,		416
Stokes’ velocity					775
STR 654
Strand flow			696
Strands	198,			523
Stratification				648,		651
Streamline		289,			294
Strengthening			rates			396
Strengthening			time			397
Stress tensors				30
Stress tests		452
Studsvik		96
Studsvik bed				99
Submerged heat-transfer tubes										156
Submerged-jet tests						449
Subsidence time					562,		565
Substrate	inhibition					655
Sulfite process				605
Supercritical fluid					344
Superficial gas velocity							139,			174
Superficial		velocity				61,		84,		154
Surface
heat transfer				188
Surface charge density							821

Surface renewal				164
Surface tension			382
Surface volume mean diameter						720
Surface-active agents					853
Surfactants		337,		379, 608, 614
Surge effects			735
Suspended probes				833
Suspension		201
Suspension density					182, 185,	190
Suspension flow				752
Swarms	523
Swirl	762
Switch loading			862
Synergism number					568
Synthetic fuel			585
Synthol CFB reactors					1

T

T-STAR process			585, 615,				616
Takt-Schub system				686
Talc	565
Tangentials		788
Tapped bulk density					715
Taylor	instability			126, 127
TCF bleaching			610
Temperature		223,		443
elevated		111
Temperature effects				120
Temperature range				113
Temperature run-away					618
Terminal cross-sectional area							496
Terminal transport				154
Terminal velocity				155
Thermal conductivity					130,		186
Thermal radiation				190
Thermal resistance				167,		197
Thermal shock			443
Thermal transport				162
Thermite reaction				837
Thiobacillus ferroxidans						658
Three point bend test					401
Three-phase		biofluidization					625

Three-phase ebullated bed reactor 615

Three-phase	fluidization			582, 583,
614,		619,	623
historical development				583
phases	583
Three-phase fluidized bed				586

							Index		889
Three-phase mixtures						604
Three-phase slurry reactor							621
Threshold velocity.					452
Throughflow coefficient							17
Tidd combustor				77
Time constant			655
Time scale factor				362
Tollmien’s		Similarity				288
Tollmien’s solution					269
Torque	370
Total granulation time						397
Tote bins		863
Toxic compounds					633
Trace air system				686
Tracer gas		245
Tracer particles				305
Tracers	6
Trajectory calculations						384
Tramp metal			859
Transfer coefficient					504
Transfer factor 506
Transient conduction equation								164
Transient field reversals							856
Transition		region		117
Transition		velocity			25, 139
Transport behavior					726
Transport disengaging height (TDH)									134
Tribo-series			819
Tribocharge			822
Triboelectric charging						829
Triboelectrification					817,		818,	819,	823,
	825,		857
Tube bank		17
horizontal			16
Tube circumference					156
Tube erosion			88
Tubes	156
Tumbler tests			453
Turbulent Bed Contactor							585
Turbulent convection						199
Turbulent to fast fluidization								139,	142
Turndown		214
Tuyere injection				754
Tuyere type			477
Two-flux radiative model							199
Two-phase convection						195
Two-phase flow				154,		696
model		9

890 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

U											W
Ultrasonic nozzles					339						Wall effects		17,		77
Unrecoverable particle size								794			Wall layer		25
Upset conditions					263						Wall-hardness			443
Upwardly-directed					212						Wall-particle			196
V											Wall-to-suspension heat transfer								197
											Washburn Test			375
Vaccine production						660					Washing	492, 496
											Washing column				502
Valves	736,		749
											Waste gas		538
Van der Waals forces						31
											Waste treatment				639
Vanadium phosphate catalysts									475
											Wastewater treatment						586,	623,	632,
Velocity	155, 254
												641,		642
effect on attrition						464
											Wear
entrainment				308
											tube	88
particle		197,		251
											Wear problems			752
relative		387
											Wear rate		88,	403,		405
vs. temperature					118
											Weepage		209, 223
Velocity	profiles				265, 269
											Weld burrs		781
Vena contracta effect						219
											Wen and Simon expression							696
Verification of scaling relationships										65
											Wen and Yu correlation						115
Vertical bed		175
											Wen and Yu Equation						116
Vertical	internals				6
											Wet agglomerates				392
Vertical pneumatic moving bed									707
											Wet scrubbing			585
Vertical	tubes		168,			178
											Wetting	337,		373,		374, 375, 380
Vessel loading				856
											Windbox		223
Vessel size		855
											Wood chips 605
Viscosity 120,				131
											cooking		604
Viscous dominated flow							53
											Work Index		447
Viscous effects				117
											Wurster Insert			335,		356
Viscous forces				70,		382
Viscous limit			53,		54, 55			70,	94, 96		Y
Viscous limit scaling laws
Void fraction			165								Y-splitters		766
Voidage	38,		120, 122,				243				Yield number			394
dense-phase				121							Yield strength			394
loose packed				75							Yield stress		400
Voidage	distribution					23,	526,		529,	533	Young-Dupré equation						373
Voidage disturbances						124					Z
Voidage in draft tube						364
Volume-active			agents			853					Ziegler alcohol			585
Volumetric mass transfer coefficient										650
											Zymomonas mobilis					651
Volumetric solid loading							252
Volumetric wear rate						403,		405
Volute	785
Vortex	778,		794