Н.Н. Курпешко Английский язык Методические указания для обучения студентов II курса (III семестр) специальности 180400

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7)Инструменты Рабочего Стола очень схожи с инструментами Макинтоша.

8)Вторая кнопка мыши стала мощным оружием.

VI. What is:

1)window

2)icon

3)recycle bin

4)plug-and-play capability

5)shortcut feature

Questions for group discussion:

1)What are the poor features of Windows?

2)Computer society thinks, that Intel company, the most powerful CPU producer, has an agreement with Microsoft corporation that the latter will develop more and more sophisticated, large and demanding software to force users to buy new processors and upgrade their computers. Do you think this might be true? How does this suggestion correlate with the new Windows 2000 and Microsoft Office 2000? Do you think that Bill Gates' monopoly on Windows operating systems is very dangerous for the competition and price-making process?

3)Ask anyone in the group who has a computer if Windows 98 is better than Windows 2000? Why and why not?

UNIT VII

THE INTERNET

THE PROS AND CONS OF THE INTERNET

The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world and its uses are growing every day.

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The main use of the Internet is to find information — for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events.

All of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day and night. It's much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries.

You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy from your favourite shop.

E-mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the Internet to 'chat' with people and make new friends.

However, the real worry of the Internet may not be as perfect as it seems.

With so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. Besides, there is too much advertising instead of real information.

As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making 'chat friends' is not the same as actually meeting people.

I. History and future of the internet.

The Internet technology was created by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by Robert Kahn and conducted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of the United States Department of Defence. Later Cerf made many efforts to build and standardise the Internet. In 1984 the technology and the network were turned over to the private sector and to government scientific agencies for further development. The growth has continued exponentially. Service-provider companies that make "gateways" to the Internet available to home and business users enter the market in everincreasing numbers. By early 1995, access was available in 180 countries and more than 30 million users used the Internet. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of information, making possible rapid transactions among businesses, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organisations. More than 100 million computers are connected via the global Internet in 2000, and even more are attached to enterprise internets. The development of the World Wide Web leads to the rapid introduction of new business tools and

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activities that may lead to annual business transactions on the Internet worth hundreds of billions of dollars.

II. The Internet.

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet swithing. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packetswithing network already survived a war. It was the Iraq computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide.

The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who accually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: an user pays his/her service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider. And part of the fee got by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically

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increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled — but inexpensive — Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data are constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many strong encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. "in the clear". But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

III. Introduction to the www and the internet.

Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the-same basic ways.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection of networks. Rather, it is information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are part of the World Wide Web is growing extremely fast. In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the WWW, and more than half the information that is transferred across the Internet is accessed through the WWW. By using a computer terminal (hard-ware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet .and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphical

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interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn't need to know where it is, the browser follows the link.

All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.

Just a little bit of exploring the World Wide Web will show you what a lot of use and fun it is.

Vocabulary:
1. World Wide Web	«Всемирная Паутина»
2. to retrieve	извлекать
3. variety	разнообразие, спектр
4. business transactions	коммерческие операции
5. to browse	рассматривать, разглядывать
6. browser	браузер (программа поиска информации)
7. provider	провайдер	(компания,	предоставляющая
8. broadcast live	доступ к www через местные телефонные сети)
	передавать в прямом эфире
9. hyperlink	гиперссылка
10. to compete	соревноваться

General understanding:

1)What is Internet used for?

2)Why so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions are possible through the Internet?

3)What is World Wide Web?

4)What is Web browser?

5)What does a user need to have an access to the WWW?

6)What are hyperlinks?

7)What resources are available on the WWW?

8)What are the basic recreational applications of WWW?

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I. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1)There are still not so many users of the Internet.

2)There is information on all sorts of topics on the Internet, including education and weather forecasts.

3)People can communicate through e-mail and chat programs only.

4)Internet is tens of thousands of networks which exchange the information in the same basic way.

5)You can access information available on the World Wide Web through the Web browser.

6)You need a computer (hardware) and a special program (software) to be a WWW user.

7)You move from site to site by clicking on a portion of text only.

8)Every time the user wants to move somewhere on the web he/she needs to step by step enter links and addresses.

9)Films and pictures are not available on the Internet.

10)Radio and TV-broadcasting is a future of Internet. They're not available yet.

II. Define the following using the vocabulary:

1)Internet

2)World Wide Web

3)Web browser

4)Internet provider

5)Hyperlinks

III. Find the equivalents:

1)Объем ресурсов и услуг, которые являются частью WWW, растет чрезвычайно быстро.

2)Каждая ссылка, выбранная вами, представляет документ, графическое изображение, видеоклип или аудио файл где-то в Интернет.

3)Интернет может быть также использован для целей развлечения.

4)Вы получаете доступ к ресурсам Интернет через интерфейс или инструмент, который называется веб-браузер.

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5)Вся эта деятельность возможна благодаря десяткам тысяч компьютерных сетей, подключенных к Интернет и обменивающихся информацией в одном режиме.

6)Пользователи общаются через электронную почту, дискуссионные группы, чэт-каналы (многоканальный разговор в реальном времени) и другие средства информационного обмена.

IV: Match the following:

1)You access the information through one interface or tool called a...

2)People connected to the WWW through the local... have access to a variety of information.

3)The user doesn't need to know where the site is, the... follows the...

4)In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the...

5)Each... provides a graphical interface.

6)Local... charge money for their services to access... resources.

V.Words to match with:

1) web browser, providers, link, WWW,

Questions for group discussion:

1)Some people think that Internet is very harmful, especially for young people, because it carries a lot of information about sex, drugs, violence and terrorism. Do you think that some kind of censorship is necessary on the WWW?

2)World famous authors and publishers say that the Internet violates their copyright because Web-programmers put all kinds of books, pictures, music, films and programs free on the Internet and this reduces their sales and profits.

3)Has anyone in your group experience working on the Internet? Ask

them a) about the difficulties they had; b) useful information retrieved; c) fun they got? Why so few people have experience working on the Internet?

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IV. FAMOUSE PEOPLE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Bill Gates

William Henry Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1955.

He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation. Gates was the founder of Microsoft in 1975 together with Paul Allen, his partner in computer language development. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates together with Allen developed a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the first personal computer.

In the early 1980s Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word processor.

Much of Gates' success is based on his ability to translate technical visions into market strategy. Although Gates has accumulated great wealth from his holdings of Microsoft stock, he has been known as a tough competitor who seems to value winning in a competitive environment over money. Gates still continues to work personally in product development at Microsoft.

I. Choose an answer — a or b.

1. A mouse is

a)a small furry animal with a long tail

b)a small box used to operate a computer 2. To surf is

a)to ride on board of the waves of the sea

b)to move around the Internet 3. D bug is

a)a small insect

b)an error in a computer programme 4. A flame is

a)a red or yellow burning gas seen when something is on fire

b)an unfriendly or rude e-mail

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5. To boot is

a)to kick

b)to start a computer 6. A geek is

a)someone who bites the heads off alive chickens as part of a show

d)a person who knows everything about computers

II. Choose an answer — a, b or c.

1.What do you use a modem for? a) to print a document

b) to play music on your computer

c) to send messages along a telephone line

2.What do you use when you want to look for sites on the world wide

web?

a) a browser b) a CD ROM c) a printer

3.What can you use the Internet for?

a)to delete a file from your computer

b)to help you find information and communicate with people

c)to make your computer work faster

4. What do you use a scanner for?

a)to transfer photos and texts to your computer

b)to find certain files on the Internet

c)to clean your computer

5. How much is a gigabyte?

a)1,000 megabytes

b)100 megabytes

c)1000 bytes

III. Match the words (or phrases) to the definitions.

1.chat room

2.e-commerce

3.joystick

4.cyberspace

5.desktop

6.multitasking

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a)the ability of a computer to run several programmes at once

b)the screen you see after you've switched your computer

c)an area on the Internet where people can communicate with each other in 'real time'

d)the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet

e)a stick which helps you move In computer games

f)the imaginary place where electronic messages, information pictures, etc. exist when they are sent from one computer to another

IV. True or False?

1.You use the Internet, you need a computer, a radio and a phone line.

2.You can use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines.

3.You cannot use the Internet to play video games.

4.The Internet can help you to do shopping.

5.You can use the Internet to 'chat' with people and make new friends.

6.You need a CD to send e-mail.

7.Multimedia pages with pictures, music and video make downloading

slow.

V. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box below.

INTERNET TV

Is it possible to have a TV set, a (1)_________ and the Internet all in one?

With the advent of Internet TV it has become a reality.

Imagine watching a film on TV and getting (2)________ on the actors in the film at the same time!

To enter (3)_______ addresses and write (4)________ you use a remote control and an (5)____________ keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard.

By clicking a button, you can also read adverts, (6)________ with a friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite (7)________ games.

In the future you'll be able to change the plot of the film you're watching and meddle in the private lives of the characters.

The next (8)__________of Internet TVs will also have a smart-card for shopping, banking and other (9)_____________activities.

Web information interactive e-mail on-screen chat PC generation video