О.А. Ставцева Английский язык. Методические указания и устные материалы для выполнения контрольных работ №1, 2, 3 для студентов заочного обучения горно-строительного профиля
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science, engineering, medicine and so on. In 1882 the Royal Society of Canada was established. The Society consists of members belonging to the five sections: humanities and social sciences in French; humanities and social sciences in English; chemical, mathematical and physical sciences; geological sciences; biological sciences. The Society’s aim is to coordinate and stimulate Canada’s intellectual life and to assist the development of national economy.
3.Canada is the fourth largest trading nation in the world. It is worldknown as a forest country because they cover more than half the land area of the provinces and extend to the Arctic Circle. About 17 per cent of production of all the primary industries – forestry, pulp-and-paper, mining, agriculture, fisheries – comes from the forests. The forests are the source of almost a third of all Canadian export, and of this third pulp-and-paper accounts for about 70 per cent.
4.Deep within the ancient rocks there are rich resources of iron, gold, silver, nickel, copper, platinum, cobalt and uranium. In the south of Quebec Province, the biggest of Canada’s ten provinces, there are the largest resources of asbestos in the world. As a result, asbestos industry became a many-dollar-a-year industry in Canada. Another province – Alberta – has tremendous oil fields and vast resources of natural gas and coal. Edmonton, its capital, is the oil centre of Canada.
5.The capital of Canada is Ottawa which is encircled and crossed by three rivers and a canal. It is a city where government and commerce intermingle. But the largest city is Montreal, which is built around a mountain on a green island. Although Montreal is situated 1,000 miles from the ocean, it is a seaport, one of Canada’s most important.
VIII. Прочитайте 4-ый абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Why does asbestos industry belong to the group of the most highly developed industries of Canada? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.
Вариант 3
I. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слова there.
1. In this book there will be much information useful for our research work.
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2. Many scientists think that there is no life on Mars because there is no water there.
II.Запишите и переведите предложения. Объясните, на что указывает в слове cover окончание –s, как с апострофом (’), так и без него:
а) глагол-сказуемое в Present Simple в 3-м лице единственного числа;
б) множественное число имени существительного; в) притяжательный падеж имени существительного, стоящего в
единственном или во множественном числе.
1.Forest area covers about half the territory of this country.
2.Electricians use different kinds of plastic materials as covers for electric wires.
3.The cover’s paper of this old book became yellow and torn, you must renew it.
III.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода имени существительного с левым определением.
1.This University offers a wide variety of higher education programs.
2.We know that the steam engine invention was made in 1763.
3.They plan to erect a 400-meter high television tower in the city’s center.
IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательного и наречия.
1.The more scientists work in studying the problem, the more reliable are the research results.
2.In gases the molecules have a greater freedom of movement than in liquids.
3.At present natural steam is one of the cheapest sources for power generation.
V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1.According to Albert Einstein nothing can move faster than light.
2.Any industry needs modern machinery to improve its production.
3.Some 250 scientists from more than 40 countries gathered for this international conference.
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VI. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.
1.We have applied the latest devices and instruments for our experiments.
2.The Earth’s atmosphere takes a large proportion of the solar radiation.
3.The nearer the spaceship is approaching the Earth, the denser is becoming the atmosphere.
VII. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3 и 5.
AUSTRALIA
1.Australia is an island country which consists of six states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and others. The country’s total area is equal to that of Europe. It is the country with great differences in climate which varies from the tropical to the cool and temperate. All the main towns have river and mountain areas, as well as the seaside within easy reach.
2.Because of frequent droughts Australia suffers with a shortage of water. That is why it is important for the country to conserve existing water supplies. Shortage of water resulted in one of the world’s largest projects, the Snow Mountains scheme. The aim of the project is to provide water to irrigate the plains and rivers’ valleys and to supply New South Wales and Victoria with electrical power.
3.The capital of Australia is Canberra. It is a garden city with millions of trees along its streets. The largest city is Sydney, the country’s main port. Its function is to provide the transport, commercial, financial and other services for the most efficient development of a huge area.
4.Much attention is paid to the development of education and science. State Universities usually consist of professional schools which provide courses in medicine, physical and social sciences. Australian universities regard research work as important as teaching. One of the country’s leading research organizations is the Scientific and Industrial Research Center established in 1926. It is carrying out important programs in various fields: meteorology, industrial chemistry, radio-engineering, metallurgy, atomic industry and others.
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5. Australia is a highly developed industrial country. Its territory is rich in iron ore, zinc, copper, manganese, gold and silver, nickel and uranium, coal and natural gas and many others. The main industrial districts are along the eastern, south-eastern and south-western coasts. Australia has made great progress in chemistry, machine-building (manufacture of locomotives, agricultural machinery, etc.) and electronics. Agricultural products such as wool, wheat, cheese and sugar are among the chief Australia’s export goods. Among the main trading partners of the country there is Great Britain, Japan, the USA, Germany and New Zealand.
VIII. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и выберите из предложенных предложений вариант, соответствующий его содержанию. Запишите и переведите его.
1.Australian authorities pay equal attention to education and to research work.
2.Australian authorities pay less attention to education than to research work.
3.Australian authorities pay more attention to education than to research work.
Вариант 4
I.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слова there.
1.In Moscow there are many places of interest, that is why a lot of tourists come there every year.
2.In a month there will be an international conference on the problems of ecology.
II.Запишите и переведите предложения. Объясните, на что указывает в слове pilot окончание -s, как с апострофом (’), так и без него:
а) глагол-сказуемое в Present Simple в 3-м лице единственного числа;
б) множественное число имени существительного; в) притяжательный падеж имени существительного, стоящего в
единственном или во множественном числе.
1.In the pilot’s cabin of a new airplane there is a lot of up-to-date devices.
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2.The boy has dreamed to fly from his early childhood and now he pilots airplanes.
3.Many cosmonauts began their career as pilots of supersonic planes.
III. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода имени существительного с левым определением.
1.Modern house construction needs strong materials and skillful labor force.
2.The transport system improvement is necessary for every large city.
3.A high speed electronic machine has greatly changed the methods of their mathematical calculations.
IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательного и наречия.
1.The lowest temperature on the Pluto (Плутон) is below 200 degrees.
2.Radio devices are the most effective instruments for studying the outer space.
3.The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the more energy it must possess.
V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1.We needed some 20 minutes to check and adjust the measuring instrument.
2.Anybody can explain you the operational principles of that apparatus.
3.Any skilled operator can easily start and stop the engine.
VI. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.
1.Our researchers have developed a new non-metallic, synthetic material.
2.No asphalt roads existed in this country until 1790s.
3.Astrophysicist M. Bobrov was studying the Saturn for more than 50 years.
VII. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3, 4 и 5.
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GREAT BRITAIN
1.The United Kingdom or Great Britain consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is a highly developed industrial country. There is no other country in the world with such a small proportion of the population working in agriculture. The pattern of industry organization is varied. There are both very small workshops and huge organizations with a large number of workers.
2.Great Britain is not very rich in natural resources: most of the resources and raw materials for its industries are imported.
3.The capital of the country, London, is one of the most important financial centers and the largest ports in the world. It is also the center of light and food industries, of the production of precision instruments, furniture and many other goods.
4.Northern and Western England is the land of coal, metal and textile. The oldest centers of English iron and steel industry are Birmingham and Sheffield. Iron smelting is based on local ore deposits and has been practiced here since ancient times. In the period of industrialization these towns played the leading role in the creation of the country’s heavy industry.
5.The most important of the British extractive industries is coalmining. Among the other highly developed industries there are ship-building and motor industries, the production of iron and steel. All of them play an important role in the world trade. Great Britain is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, electrical and navigation equipment, textile, aircraft, motor vehicles, chemicals.
6.Training of specialists is provided by different educational establishments. Recently there has been a considerable expansion of scientific and technological training within the universities. Most of them have faculties providing courses for studying chemistry, aeronautics, production engineering (организация производственных процессов). All universities and colleges have laboratories and research departments and are closely associated with local industries. Great role in stimulating research work belongs to the Royal Society which was established in 1660. The Society’s activity includes organization of scientific conferences, publication of research work, delivery of lectures, presentation of medals.
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VIII. Прочитайте 6-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Is the research work of Britain’s higher schools connected with the pattern of its industrial development? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.
Вариант 5
I.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слова there.
1.In this article there were some surprising facts on the nature of magnetism.
2.Siberia is a highly developed industrial region because there are many natural resources there.
II.Запишите и переведите предложения. Объясните, на что указывает в слове plan окончание -s, как с апострофом (’), так и без него:
а) глагол-сказуемое в Present Simple в 3-м лице единственного числа;
б) множественное число имени существительного; в) притяжательный падеж имени существительного, стоящего в
единственном или во множественном числе.
1.You can get the plans’ details in the library of your Institute.
2.The chemical laboratory plans to expand its activity considerably.
3.At the next meeting we will discuss the laboratory’s plans to acquire new equipment.
III.Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода имени существительного с левым определением.
1.The device installation will take our specialists several days.
2.The manager’s five-month business tour has come to an end.
3.Electric locomotive research institute will be working at a new program for three years.
IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательного и наречия.
1.A wider applications of computers makes our labour easier and more efficient.
2.The colder the atmosphere, the louder are the echoes.
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3. This book on physics gives the most detailed explanation of different laws.
V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1.Will anybody analyze these data in your scientific laboratory?
2.Any body that is in motion usually travels to some object in space.
3.These researchers are doing some important work at our plant.
VI. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.
1.The managers and engineers of the plant will look for a new technology to improve the production process.
2.We know that George Stephenson designed a locomotive in 1829.
3.Any researcher applies some safety measures in his experimental work.
VII. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4 и 5.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1.The USA is a belt country about 1,400 miles wide extending across the North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Its area is much larger than that of Europe. The main land mass of the country is in temperate zone. The climate conditions are under the influence of the great mountains and the winds. That is why the USA is simultaneously one of the hottest and one of the coldest, one of the wettest and one of the driest countries in the world.
2.The USA is largely an urban state. After the 1930s there was a steady decline in the number of people living on farms. Large-scale
migration of population from the rural to urban areas has been one of the major population movements of the 20th century. The capital of the country is Washington, situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia, but there many towns, larger in size than the capital: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Los Angeles.
3.One of the main reasons of the USA’s industrialization and a high level of its economic development is the abundance of natural resources.
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The country is rich in iron ore, non-ferrous metals, coal, natural gas and other resources.
4.It is one of the world’s greatest manufacturers of power, coal and oil, motor vehicles and aircraft and some other products. Besides machinery, automobiles and other industrial goods, the USA exports agricultural products, especially cotton, wheat, maize.
5.Training qualified personnel for national economy is done by different higher schools. There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Its separate institutions range from two-year colleges to complex universities, from technical institutes to classical liberal arts (гуманитарный) colleges. The institutions may be small or large, rural or urban, private or public, highly selective or open to all. They offer courses in all fields and areas of national economy. Another function of universities is to organize a wide-scale research. There are even special research institutes within some of the universities. One of the main scientific centers is the National Academy of Sciences which is doing research in eleven areas: mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology and others.
VIII. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Why is there a wide variety of climates in the USA? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Для выполнения этой работы используйте следующие разделы курса.
1.Видо-временные формы сказуемого в пассивном (страдательном) залоге. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
2.Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
3.Грамматические функции и значения слова it.
4.Простые формы причастия (Participle I, Participle II) в самостоятельных функциях определения и обстоятельства.
5.Простая форма герундия (Gerund).
6.Придаточные предложения: определительные, дополнительные, обстоятельственные (времени и условия).
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Вариант 1
I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
1.The commission will consider this offer carefully before accepting it.
2.Science and engineering make a wide use of synthetic materials in electronic instruments.
3.Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.
4.The results of this research work were often referred to by the professor.
II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) и определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.
1.Kerosene is the fuel used in jet engines.
2.The lecturer told the students about the laboratory’s staff experimenting with new plastic substances.
3.Solar batteries, when used in spaceships, convert solar energy into electricity.
4.While using this electronic device the engineer found a new solution of this complex problem.
III.Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.
1.You should try to find out as many facts as possible about this expedition to the Antarctic.
2.The team of experts is to analyze the present situation connected with our city’s ecological problems.
3.The young engineer was allowed to apply the mobile equipment in his field experiments.
4.This production process had to be further improved by new technical means.
IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.
1.It is said that the first settlement on the banks on the Moskva river was founded some 2,500 years ago.
2.It is Los Angeles which leads the world in measures to reduce smog.