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Ship Design for Efficiency and Economy

Ship Design for Efficiency and Economy

Second edition

H. Schneekluth and V. Bertram

Butterworth-Heinemann

Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041

A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd

First published 1987

Second edition 1998

© H. Schneekluth and V. Bertram 1998

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including

photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except

in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission

to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Schneekluth, H. (Herbert), 1921±

Ship design for efficiency and economy.Ð2nd ed.

1.

Naval architecture

2. Shipbuilding

I.

Title

II. Bertram, V.

623.801

 

 

ISBN 0 7506 4133 9

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Shneekluth, H. (Herbert), 1921±

Ship design for efficiency and economy/H. Schneekluth and

V.Bertram. Ð2nd ed. p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0 7506 4133 9

1.Naval architecture. I. Bertram, V. II. Title.

VM770.S33

98±20741

 

CIP

ISBN 0 7506 4133 9

Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India

Printed in Great Britain by

Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 MAIN DIMENSIONS AND MAIN RATIOS

1.1

The ship's length

2

 

 

1.2

Ship's width and stability

5

 

1.3

Depth, draught and freeboard

13

 

1.4

Block coefficient and prismatic coefficient

24

1.5Midship section area coefficient and midship section design 27

1.6

Waterplane area coefficient

31

1.7

The design equation

33

 

1.8

References

33

 

 

Chapter 2 LINES DESIGN

2.1

Statement of the problem

34

 

 

 

 

 

2.2

Shape of sectional area curve

 

35

 

 

 

 

2.3

Bow and forward section forms

37

 

 

 

 

2.4

Bulbous bow

42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.5

Stern forms

52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.6

Conventional propeller arrangement

60

 

 

 

2.7

Problems of design in broad, shallow-draught ships

61

2.8

Propeller clearances

63

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.9

The conventional method of lines design

66

 

 

2.10

Lines design using distortion of existing forms

68

 

2.11

Computational fluid dynamics for hull design

 

79

 

2.12References 83

Chapter 3

OPTIMIZATION IN DESIGN

 

 

 

3.1

Introduction to methodology of optimization

85

3.2

Scope of application in ship design

89

 

3.3

Economic basics for optimization

91

 

3.4

Discussion of some important parameters

98

3.5

Special cases of optimization

103

 

 

3.6

Developments of the 1980s and 1990s

106

3.7References 110

Chapter 4 SOME UNCONVENTIONAL PROPULSION

ARRANGEMENTS

4.1

Rudder propeller

112

 

 

 

4.2

Overlapping propellers

112

 

4.3

Contra-rotating propellers

 

114

 

4.4

Controllable-pitch propellers

115

 

4.5

Kort nozzles

115

 

 

 

4.6

Further devices to improve propulsion

132

4.7References 147

Chapter 5 COMPUTATION OF WEIGHTS AND CENTRES OF MASS

5.1

Steel weight

151

 

 

 

5.2

Weight of `equipment and outfit' (E&O)

166

 

5.3

Weight of engine plant

173

 

 

5.4

Weight margin

178

 

 

 

5.5

References

178

 

 

 

Chapter 6

SHIP PROPULSION

 

 

 

6.1

Interaction between ship and propeller

180

 

6.2

Power prognosis using the admiralty formula

184

6.3

Ship resistance under trial conditions

185

 

6.4

Additional resistance under service conditions

200

6.5References 204 APPENDIX

A.1

Stability regulations

206

 

References

213

 

 

Nomenclature

214

 

 

Index

218

 

 

Preface

This book, like its predecessors, is based on Schneekluth's lectures at the Aachen University of Technology. The book is intended to support lectures on ship design, but also to serve as a reference book for ship designers throughout their careers. The book assumes basic knowledge of line drawing and conventional design, hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. The previous edition has been modernized, reorganizing the material on weight estimation and adding a chapter on power prognosis. Some outdated material or material of secondary relevance to ship design has been omitted.

The bibliography is still predominantly German for two reasons:

German literature is not well-known internationally and we would like to introduce some of the good work of our compatriots.

Due to their limited availability, many German works may provide information which is new to the international community.

Many colleagues have supported this work either by supplying data, references, and programs, or by proofreading and discussing. We are in this respect grateful to Walter Abicht, Werner Blendermann, Jurgen¨ Isensee, Frank Josten, Hans-Jorg¨ Petershagen, Heinrich Soding,¨ Mark Wobig (all TU Hamburg-Harburg), Norbert von der Stein (Schneekluth Hydrodynamik), Thorsten Grenz (Hapag-Lloyd, Hamburg), Uwe Hollenbach (Ship Design & Consult, Hamburg), and Gerhard Jensen (HSVA, Hamburg).

Despite all our efforts to avoid mistakes in formulas and statements, readers may still come across points that they would like to see corrected in the next edition, sometimes simply because of new developments in technology and changes to regulations. In such cases, we would appreciate readers contacting us with their suggestions.

This book is dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. Kurt Wendel in great admiration of his innumerable contributions to the field of ship design in Germany.

H. Schneekluth and V. Bertram

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