NewArchive / 23 - Types, varieties and aspects of meaning

23 - Types, varieties and aspects of meaning.

1. TYPES OF LEXICAL MEANING

 Diachronically: primary and secondary

- primary (first appeared in a L.)

- secondary (historically derived from other primary mngs)

eg: train шлейф, толпа, поезд

 Synchronically:

 central and minor

 direct and transferred

 free and bound (corridor train, down train, ride the gravy train)

-Bound (it’s limited by the context, don`t exist in real life – green flower;

clichés – to wage a compaign; Phraseologically bound – white elephant)

2. VARIETIES

1.Grammatical mng:

repeated by in similar gr. forms of Ws, should be studied in context (mng of plurality: -s)

2.Derivational mng:

establishes semantic correlation between a simple W. and a derived W.

3.Lexical mng:

the correlation bw sign and phenomenon, establishes relations of the sound form & objects (phenomena of reality)

3. ASPECTS of lexical meaning

All the mngs are connected but should be studied through history.

1.Denotational mng ( conceptual) – link between the word and the meaning, is the core of the lex. mng. We look for it in the dictionnary.

2.Connotational mng: this aspect gives additional info about the attitude to what is expressed in the W, it’s not individual. It’s restricted in a dictionnary.

3.Emotive charge: (ex. Daddy/dad/father, skinny, thin, slender, slim)

It’s the stylistic reference. Some Ws are neutral, others are stylistically marked (dac)

4.Pragmatic aspest: often describes the situation in which the W is used / the situation of communication from which you can judge about a meaning.