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Kaeuper R.W. - Chivalry and violence in medieval europe (1999)(en)

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CHIVALRY AND VIOLENCE IN

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

ddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

CHIVALRY

AND

VIOLENCE

IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE

ddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

RICHARD W. KAEUPER

1

1

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the UniversityÕs objective of excellence in research, scholarship,

and education by publishing worldwide in

Oxford New York

Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogot‡ Buenos Aires Calcutta

Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris S‹o Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw

with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan

Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

Published in the United States

by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Richard W. Kaeuper 1999

The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker)

First published 1999

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,

or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data applied for

ISBN 0Ð19Ð820730Ð1 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

Typeset by Hope Services (Abingdon) Ltd. Printed in Great Britain

on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd.,

Guildford and KingÕs Lynn

to Seth, Geoffrey, and John

acknowledgements

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Essential support for launching this project came from awards granted by the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation in 1989Ð91. Their generous Þnancial and moral support is gratefully acknowledged. The University of Rochester gave me one-semester academic leaves in 1991, 1993, and 1997, for which I am likewise grateful.

Warm thanks go to the anonymous Clarendon Press readers, and to William Calin, John Maddicott, Jeffrey Ravel, and Roberta Krueger, who read large parts of the book manuscript and gave helpful critiques. Tony Morris encouraged the project and saw the book through the contract stage at the Press with much appreciated skill and enthusiasm. Ruth Parr, Anna Illingworth, and Dorothy McLean directed the crucial process by which a large manuscript became a book. Sarah Dancy did the truly heroic work of copy-editing. The staff in Reference and Interlibrary Loan, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, obtained even the most obscure French sources. The index was skilfully prepared by Nicholas Waddy.

Responding to my ideas as I formulated them was one gift from my wife Margaret. Even more important was her splendidly sound advice as I shaped the book and her unfailing capacity to ask the hard questions.

This book is dedicated to my sons, Seth, Geoffrey, and John, with love and pride.

Richard W. Kaeuper

University of Rochester

contents

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Acknowledgements

 

 

vii

Prologue

 

 

1

PART 1. ISSUES AND APPROACHES

5

1.

The Problem of Public Order and the Knights

11

 

The High Middle Ages and Order

11

 

 

Three Witnesses 12

 

 

 

 

Context: Socio-Economic and Institutional Change 19

 

 

Evidence from Chivalric Literature

22

 

 

Conclusion 28

 

 

 

2. Evidence on Chivalry and its Interpretation

30

 

Did Knights Read Romance? 30

 

 

 

Is Chivalric Literature Hopelessly Romantic? 33

 

 

The Framework of Institutions and Ideas 36

 

PART II. THE LINK WITH CLERGIE

41

3.

Knights and Piety

 

45

 

Lay Piety, Lay Independence 45

 

 

 

Chivalric Mythology

53

 

 

 

Knights and Hermits

57

 

 

4. Clergie, Chevalerie, and Reform

63

 

Clerical Praise for Knightly Militia

64

 

 

Clerical Strictures on Knightly Malitia 73

 

 

The Church and Governing Power

81

 

 

The Force of Ideas

84

 

 

PART III. THE LINK WITH ROYAUTƒ

89

5.

Chevalerie and RoyautŽ

 

93

Royal Stance on War and Violence 93