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PART A

Wireless

Communication

Systems and

Channel

Characteristics

1

Cellular Systems

Lal C. Godara

 

 

Introduction • Cellular Fundamentals • First-Generation Systems • Second-Generation

 

Systems • Third-Generation Systems

 

2

Satellite-Based Mobile Communications

Michael John Ryan

 

Introduction • Satellite Orbit Fundamentals • Satellite Radio Path • Multiple Access

 

Schemes • Mobile Satellite Communications Systems • Summary

3

Propagation Prediction for Urban Systems

Henry L. Bertoni and Saúl A. Torrico

 

Introduction • Range Dependence for Macrocellular Applications • Range Dependence for

 

Microcells in Low-Rise Environments • Effects of Vegetation • Accounting for Terrain •

 

Site-Specific Predictions • Conclusions

 

4

Fading Channels

Bernard Sklar

 

 

The Challenge of Communicating over Fading Channels • Characterizing Mobile-Radio

 

Propagation • Signal Time Spreading • Time Variance of the Channel Caused by Motion •

 

Mitigating the Degradation Effects of Fading • Summary of the Key Parameters Characterizing

 

Fading Channels • Applications: Mitigating the Effects of Frequency-Selective Fading •

 

Conclusion

 

 

© 2002 by CRC Press LLC

1

Cellular Systems

1.1Introduction

1.2Cellular Fundamentals

Communication Using Base Stations • Channel

Characteristics • Multiple Access Schemes • Channel

Reuse • Cellular Configuration • Channel Allocation

and Assignment • Handoff • Cell Splitting and Cell

Sectorization • Power Control

1.3First-Generation Systems

Characteristics of Advanced Mobile Phone Service • Call

Processing • Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service,

European Total Access Communication System, and Other

Systems

1.4Second-Generation Systems

United States Digital Cellular (Interim Standard-54) • Personal

Digital Cellular System • Code Division Multiple Access

Digital Cellular System (Interim Standard-95) • Pan European

Global System for Mobile Communications • Cordless Mobiles

 

1.5 Third-Generation Systems

 

Key Features and Objectives of International Mobile

Lal C. Godara

Telecommunications-2000 • International Mobile

Telecommunications-2000 Services • Planning

University of New South Wales

Considerations • Satellite Operation

1.1 Introduction

The cellular concept was invented by Bell Laboratories and the first commercial analog voice system was introduced in Chicago in October 1983 [1, 2]. The first generation analog cordless phone and cellular systems became popular using the design based on a standard known as Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS). Similar standards were developed around the world including Total Access Communication System (TACS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 450, and NMT 900 in Europe; European Total Access Communication System (ETACS) in the United Kingdom; C-450 in Germany; and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT), JTACS, and NTACS in Japan.

In contrast to the first-generation analog systems, second-generation systems are designed to use digital transmission. These systems include the Pan-European Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and DCS 1800 systems, North American dual-mode cellular system Interim Standard (IS)-54, North American IS-95 system, and Japanese personal digital cellular (PDC) system [1, 3].

The third-generation mobile communication systems are being studied worldwide, under the names of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2000 [4, 5]. The aim of these systems is to provide users advance communication services, having wideband capabilities, using a single standard. Details on various systems could be found in References [1, 6–9]. In third-generation communication systems, satellites are going to play a major

© 2002 by CRC Press LLC

Соседние файлы в папке Poularikas A.Handbook of antennas in wireless communications.2002