evstifeeva_m_v_teoreticheskaya_fonetika_angliiskogo_yazyka_l

М.В. Е•••!"##•а

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОНЕТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

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М••••а И!"а#$%&•#•• «ФЛИНТА» И!"а#$%&•#•• «На-•а»

2012

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УДК 811.111’34(075.8) ББК 81.2А•!"-1-923

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Е••••• •а М.В.

Е26 Т%&'%*+,%/:а< =&•%*+:а а•!"+>/:&!& <?@:а. Л%:B++, /%D+•а'@, EF'аG•%•+< : E,%I. F&/&I+% / М.В. ЕM/*+=%%Mа. — М. : ФЛИНТА : НаE:а, 2012. — 168 /.

ISBN 978-5-9765-1115-6 (ФЛИНТА)

ISBN 978-5-02-037670-0 (НаE:а)

В F&/&I++ M /Gа*&D M+U% +?"&G%•@ &/•&M•@% а/F%:*@ =&•%*+,%/:&> *%&'++ + F'а:*+:+ а•!"+>/:&!& <?@:а M /&M'%D%••&> "+•!M+/*+:%; F'+M%U%- •а &I&IW%••а< +•=&'DаB+< & :&DF&•%•*аX =&•%*+,%/:&> /+/*%D@. П&/&- I+% /&U%'G+* "%:B+&••EZ ,а/*[ + D%*&U+,%/:+% 'а?'аI&*:+ : /%D+•а'/:+D ?а•<*+<D, а *а:G% F'а:*+,%/:+% EF'аG•%•+<.

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УДК 811.111’34(075.8) ББК 81.2А•!"-1-923

ISBN	978-5-9765-1115-6	(ФЛИНТА)	©	ЕM/*+=%%Mа М.В., 2012
ISBN	978-5-02-037670-0	(НаE:а)	©	И?Uа*%"[/*M& «ФЛИНТА», 2012

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CONTENTS

П'%U+/"&M+% ..................................................................................................................		6
О* аM*&'а	........................................................................................................................	8
	PART I. Lectures and Seminars
Lecture 1. .....................................................................................	INTRODUCTION	10
§ 1. ................................................................................	Phonetics as a science	10
§ 2. ..............................................................	Process of oral speech production	10
§ 3. ..................................................................................	Aspects of phonetics	12
§ 4. .................................................	Units and components of phonetic system	14
§ 5. ................................................................................	Branches of phonetics	15
§ 6. .....................................................................	Methods of phonetic analysis	16
SEMINAR 1 ......................................................................................................................		17
Lecture 2. ................................	MAIN ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONAL PHONETICS	19
§ 1. ............................................................	Phoneme: definition and functions	19
§ 2. ....................	Phonemes, allophones, phones: difference and relationships	20
§ 3. .......................	Meaning of phonemes and allophones in teaching practice	22
§ 4. ........................................................	Main views of the nature of phoneme	24
§ 5. .............................................................	Methods of phonological analysis	25
SEMINAR 2 ......................................................................................................................		28
Lecture 3. .............................................	THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH PHONEMES	30
§ 1. ................................................................	Vowel and consonant phonemes	30
§ 2.	Articulatory and phonological views on the classification
................................................................................	of English consonants	31
...................................	2.1. General characteristics of English consonants	31
..................................................................	2.2. Articulatory classification	31
.................................................................	2.3. Phonological classification	33
...........................................................................	2.4. Problem of affricates	35
§ 3.	Articulatory and phonological views on the classification
......................................................................................	of English vowels	37
........................................	3.1. General characteristics of English vowels	37
..................................................................	3.2. Articulatory classification	39
................................................................	3.3. Phonological classification	42

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	3.4. Problem of diphthongs and diphthongoids .........................................	45
	3.5. Problem of vowel length ....................................................................	47
Seminar 3	.......................................................................................................................	49
Lecture 4.	MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATIONS
.......................	OF SPEECH SOUNDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE	51
§ 1. ......................................	Types of sound variations in connected speech	51
§ 2. .........................................	Modifications of sounds in connected speech	52
.......................	2.1. Modifications of consonants in connected speech	52
.................................	2.2. Modifications of vowels in connected speech	56
....................................	2.3. Complex vowel and consonant modifications	57
§ 3. .............................................................	Notion of alternation and its types	57
§ 4. ...............	Problem of phoneme identification. Main phonological schools	60
Seminar 4 ......................................................................................................................		61
Lecture 5. ................................	SYLLABIC STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH WORDS	63
§ 1. ..............................................	Theories on syllable formation and division	63
§ 2. ....................................................................	Syllable formation in English	66
§ 3. .......................................................................	Syllable division in English	68
§ 4. ...................................................	Functional characteristics of the syllable	70
§ 5. ...........................................	Graphic representation of syllables in English	71
Seminar 5 ......................................................................................................................		72
Lecture 6. .................................................................	WORD STRESS IN ENGLISH	74
§ 1. .................................................................................	Nature of word stress	74
§ 2. ...........................................................	Placement of word stress in English	76
§ 3. ..............................................................	Degrees of word stress in English	76
§ 4. ................................................	Phonemic distribution in stressed syllables	78
§ 5. ..........................................................	Functions of the English word stress	79
§ 6. ..........................................................	Stress tendencies in modern English	80
§ 7. ................................................................	Stress patterns of English words	81
§ 8. ........................................................................	Basic rules of accentuation	83
§ 9. .................	Variations of word stress in connected speech. Sentence stress	84
Seminar 6 ......................................................................................................................		86
Lecture 7. ...................................................................	INTONATION IN ENGLISH	88
§ 1. .........................................................	General characteristics of intonation	88
§ 2. ...............................................	Foreign views of the problem of intonation	88
§ 3. ..............................................	Problem of intonation in Russian linguistics	90

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§ 4.	Prosodic components of intonation. Structure
	of English intonation patterns ....................................................................	91
§ 5.	Methods of indicating intonation ...............................................................	95
§ 6.	Functions of intonation ..............................................................................	96
§ 7.	Phonological aspect of intonation ..............................................................	98
§ 8.	English rhythm ..........................................................................................	99
SEMINAR 7	....................................................................................................................	100
Lecture 8.	STYLISTIC AND REGIONAL VARIETIES
	OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ........................................................	103
§ 1.	Spoken language as the object of linguistic investigation ........................	103
§ 2. ..........................................	Territorial varieties of English pronunciation	104
...........	2.1. National variants and regional accents of the English language	104
..................................................................................	2.2. British English	106
.............................................................................	2.3. American English	109
..............................................................................	2.4. Spread of English	111
§ 3. .............................................	Stylistic varieties of English pronunciation	112
................................	3.1. Style - forming and style - differentiating factors	113
.......................................................	3.2. Classification of phonetic styles	115
SEMINAR 8 ....................................................................................................................		117
	PART II. Exercises
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................1		120
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................2		126
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................3		128
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................4		133
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................5		136
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................6		138
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................7		142
	PART III. Supplementary Material
Supplement ........................................................1. Proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters		148
Supplement ............................................................................2. Phonetic phenomena		155
Supplement ........................................................3. Stave representation of intonation		158
Supplement .............................................................4. Step-by-step phonetic analysis		161
Bibliography ................................................................................................................		163

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P A R T I

Lectures and Seminars

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