- •Health is above wealth.
- •What do doctors do?
- •What's the diagnosis?
- •What does the doctor prescribe?
- •What would you say if the doctor asked you the following questions?
- •16. Learn the following:
- •17. Which is the odd one out in each group, in terms of the main word stress? Use a dictionary if you are not sure about the words.
- •18. Which of these collocations are normal, and which are not normal?
- •Now fill the gaps using the expressions above.
- •21.What do you know about alternative medicine? Learn the new words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Acupuncture chiropractic herbal medicine
- •22. Listen to the radio programme about holistic medicine.
- •23. Why would you be given the following to help make you better? What do you do with it?
- •25. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible
- •26. Match the words with their definitions:
- •28. What do we call the type of alternative medicine which...
- •30. Complete these sentences with words from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •31. Here are four pictures of things to do with health and medicine. Can you match them with the labels?
- •33. Translate the sentences. Learn the medical metaphors:
- •34. Study the words and their definitions. Translate the examples into Ukrainian:
- •35. Complete the word formation table. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •36. The medical words in the box below can also be used in a metaphorical way. Fill the gaps in the following text using these words. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •37. Asking about Health
- •2. Comprehensive questions:
- •3. Language focus
- •4. Choose the right form
- •5. Fill the blanks with the words below. You may need to change the form о the words. Each word can be used only once.
- •10. Choose the correct answer.
- •11. Hands up!
- •12. Body. Give names of the bodily organs indicated in the picture below.
- •13. All eyes
- •15. Body. Match the following parts of the body with the jumbled definitions on the right.
- •16. Body
- •18. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following idioms:
- •19. Body. Complete the sentences .
- •21. Read, the sayings and explain them. Find Ukrainian equivalents to them
- •24. Complete these conversations in a suitable way.
- •25. Answer these questions about yourself. If possible, ask another person the same questions.
- •28. Give English equivalents for the following words:
- •29. Here is a list of injuries. Look them up in your dictionary to check the meaning and the pronunciation, and fill in the chart. Use your imagination to think of a cause for the injuries.
- •30. Injuries. Crossword puzzle.
- •31. Injuries. Choose the correct answer.
- •32. Injuries. Choose the right answer.
- •2. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future:
- •3. Language focus
- •5. Choose the correct answer.
- •6. The following problems and pieces of advice have got all mixed up. Can you match them correctly?
- •7. Choose the right answer.
- •9. Complete the sentences below with a preposition (from, on, with, etc.).
- •10 Health. Fill in the right words.
- •11. Health. Choose the right answer.
- •12. Health. Fill in the English translation of the word(s) in brackets.
- •16. Diet. Choose the right answer.
- •17. Diet. Fill in the blanks with the words below. You may use each word only once.
- •Special Diets
- •18. Diet. Choose the correct answer.
- •Examination Fever
- •21. Give the Ukrainian names of the following diseases:
- •22. Diseases. Choose the correct answer.
- •26. Diseases. Fill the blanks with the words below. You may use each word only once.
- •27. Symptoms. Match the following symptoms of disease with their definitions.
- •28. Symptoms. Choose words from the group below to complete the sentences.
- •It may be necessary to change the form of the given words.
- •29. Symptoms. Choose the correct answers.
- •30. Symptoms. Choose the right answer.
- •31. Symptoms. Choose the correct form.
- •32. Symptoms. Choose the correct form.
- •34. Patients. Choose the right answer.
- •35. Patients. Choose the right answer.
- •36. Patients. Choose the right answer.
- •37. Smoking. Choose the right answer.
- •38. Doctors
- •39. Specialists. Where can you find these patients? Match the patients with the correct wards or departments.
- •40. Specialists. Give the name of the people defined below.
- •43. Specialists. What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychoanalyst?
- •44. Drugs. In most cases drugs are
- •46. Drugs. Choose the right answer.
- •47. Drugs. Fill the blank with the right word from the list below. You may use each word once only.
- •48. Drugs. Choose the right answer.
- •Тільки те, що призначив лікар?
- •50. Drugs. Fill the blanks with the right word from the list below. You may use each word only once.
- •52. Drugs. Fill the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the form of the words. You may use each word once only.
- •53. Drugs. Choose the right answer.
- •54. Think ahead. Look at the title and guess what the article is about.
- •Three out of every 10 women
- •55. Comprehension check.
- •56. Language focus
- •10 Rules For Weight loss.
- •65. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Learn sport and fitness metaphors.
- •68. Just What the Doctor Ordered. Translate and learn the following idioms.
- •70. Be a Good Sport
- •71. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following idioms:
- •3. Comprehensive questions:
- •4. The text contains quite a few words whose pronunciation could pose difficulty. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future:
- •5. Language Focus
- •6. Find synonyms or near synonyms for the following words, and write sentences to explore their associations.
- •7. Enrich your vocabulary:
- •9. Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •10. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the topical vocabulary, making any necessary changes.
- •15. In small groups discuss your answers to these questions by using as many of the ways of giving opinions and agreeing and disagreeing as you can.
- •17. Choose the best option from the alternatives a or b
- •18. Listening
- •4. Look at the paragraph headings in the article and make some notes on what the text might be about. Compare your ideas with the class before reading the article.
- •5. What do you think?
- •7. Language focus
- •Vocabulary :
- •10. Which of the sports are these people probably talking about?
- •Verbs and their collocations in the context of sport
- •15. Give names for the illustrated sports.
- •16. Match the following sports with the right pictures.
- •17. Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases from the list below.
- •19. Match the names of the footballers with their position on the
- •20. Choose the right answer.
- •21. Complete these expressions using the things on the right.
- •22. Fill in the table matching the sports with the right kinds
- •23. Give the names for the illustrated ways of swimming.
- •24. Horse riding. Match the words with the right numbers in the
- •25. Indicate which equipment is used in the following
- •26. Choose the correct answer.
MODULE 3
Diseases and Health Problems
A Visit to the Doctor
Keping Fit. Promoting Healthy Way of Life
Modern Medical Science
Leisure and Sports
Discussion
1. Read the following quotation and discuss it.
Health is above wealth.
It is a sum of money in the bank, which will support you, economically spent. But you spend foolishly and draw on the principal. This diminishes the income, and you draw larger and larger drafts until you become bankrupt. Overeating , overworking, every imprudence is a draft on life which health cashes and charges at a thousand percent interest. Every abuse of health hastens death!
F.G.Welch
Here is a list of controversial statements about medical care.
For each one, discuss the advantages and disadvantages. Think also what the consequences of the idea would be.
The State should pay for all medical care. There should be no private medical care.
Heart transplants should be stopped. They are rarely successful, and the money could be better spent on other things.
The tax on cigarettes should be increased to pay for the health care needed by smokers.
Health care should be reduced for people over 65.
People who are very ill should have the right to decide if they want to die.
Doctors should always give patients all the information about their illness and chances of recovery.
Diseases and Health Problems
What are your symptoms? Study the material that follows to enlarge your vocabulary.
Rash bruise lump spots a black eye
I've got a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature / a stomach ache / chest pains/ earache / a pain in my side / a rash on my chest / spots / a bruise on my leg / a black eye / a lump on my arm / indigestion / diarrhoea / painful joints / blisters / sunburn.
I feel sick / dizzy / breathless / shivery / faint / particularly bad at night.
I am depressed / constipated / tired all the time.
I've lost my appetite / voice; I can't sleep, my nose itches and my leg hurts.
What do doctors do?
They take your temperature, listen to your chest, look in your ears, examine you, take your blood pressure, ask you some questions and weigh and measure you before sending you to the hospital for further tests.
What's the diagnosis?
You've got flu / chickenpox / mumps / pneumonia / rheumatism / an ulcer / a virus / a bug something that's going round.
You've broken your wrist and sprained / dislocated your ankle. You're pregnant / a hypochondriac. He died of lung cancer / a heart attack / a brain haemorrhage / AIDS.
What does the doctor prescribe?
Take one three times a day after meals.
Take a teaspoonful last thing at night.
Rub a little on before going to bed each night.
We'll get the nurse to put a bandage on.
You'll need to have some injections before you go.
I'll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation.
You'll have to have your leg put in plaster.
I think you should have total bed rest for a week.
What might the doctor ask you?
What would you say if the doctor asked you the following questions?
Do you have health insurance? Have you ever had any operations?
Are you taking any medication? Are you allergic to anything?
Match the diseases with their symptoms.
1. flu |
swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating |
2. pneumonia |
burning pain in abdomen, pain or nausea after eating |
3. rheumatism |
rash starting on body, slightly raised temperature |
4. chickenpox |
dry cough, high fever, chest pain, rapid breathing |
5. mumps |
headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing |
6. an ulcer |
swollen, painful joints, stiffness, limited movement |
What does the doctor or nurse use the following things for?
Example: stethoscope for listening to a patient's chest.
1 thermometer |
2 scales |
3 tape measure |
4 scalpel |
Look at the above mentioned statements. Which do you think the doctor said to each of the following patients?
1. Anne with bad sunburn. |
5. Jo who's broken her leg. |
2. John who's off to the Tropics. |
6. Paul with flu. |
3. Liz with a bad cough. |
7. Sam who needs his appendix out. |
4. Rose suffering from exhaustion. |
8. Alf who's sprained his wrist. |
Complete the following table.
noun |
adjective |
verb |
………………………… |
breathless |
………………………… |
………………………… |
faint |
………………………… |
………………………… |
shivery |
………………………… |
………………………… |
dislocated |
………………………… |
ache treatment |
…………………………………………………… |
…………………………………………………… |
………………………… |
swollen |
………………………… |
What medical problems might you have if...
1. you wear shoes that rub? |
7. you eat too fast? |
2. you smoke a lot? |
8. you play football? |
3. you go skiing? |
9. you stay too long in the sun? |
4. you eat food you're allergic to? |
10. you run unusually fast for a bus? |
5. you eat food that is bad? |
11. a mosquito bites you? |
6. you get wet on a cold day? |
12. you think you're ill all the time? |
Think of some of the illnesses you (or members of your family or friends) have had. What were the symptoms and what did the doctor prescribe?
Follow-up: Look at the health page of a magazine or newspaper. Make a note of any new vocabulary on the theme that you find there. Look in your medicine cabinet at home, at or work. Can you name everything that you find there?
Health: illness and disease
A. Common problems
She's sneezing.
|
She's coughing.
|
She's got a a sore throat.
|
She's blowing her nose |
She's got a temperature.
| ||
What's the matter?
I've got a cold
I've got flu (U) (more serious than a cold)
I've got hay fever (U)
|
How do you know? (the symptoms)
a sore throat, sneezing, a cough
symptoms for a cold + aching muscles and a temperature, e.g. 39.5
sneezing, runny nose, sore eyes
|
Cause of illness
a virus
a virus
| ||||
allergic reaction to pollen from grass
often food, or a virus
many e.g. food, alcohol
too much alcohol
| ||||||
I've got diarrhoea (U)
I feel sick
I've got a hangover
|
I keep going to the toilet
I want to vomit (= be sick)
headache, feeling sick |
Note: For these illnesses, you can either buy something from the chemist, or go to your doctor, who may give you a prescription (= a piece of paper with an order for some medicine) that you get from the chemist.
B. Aches and pains
Nouns: We only use ache with the following: I've got toothache (U), a stomach-ache, backache (U), earache (U) and a headache. For other parts of the body we use pain, e.g. I woke up in the night with a terrible pain in my chest.
Verbs: You can use ache for some things, e.g. my back aches; but hurt is more common to describe real pain, and it can be used with or without a direct object:
She hurt her foot when she jumped off the bus and fell over, (also injured here) or
She hurt herself when she jumped off the bus and fell over.
I hit my leg against the table and it really hurts. (= gives me a terrible pain)
Adjectives: The only common adjective is painful (≠ painless):
I had an injection yesterday and it was very painful.
A: Did it hurt when you had your filling? (= when the dentist fills a hole/cavity in the tooth) .
B: No, it was painless
C. Serious illnesses
Doctors believe smoking is the major cause of lung cancer.
He had a heart attack and died almost immediately.
Hepatitis is a liver disease.
Asthma (chest illness causing breathing problems) has become more common.
Note: Illness and disease are often used in the same way, but disease is used for a serious condition caused by an infection e.g. a liver disease. Illness is a more general word.
Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions.
a cold:………………………………………………………………
flu:………………………………………………………………….
hay fever:…………………………………………………………..
a hangover:…………………………………………………………
diarrhoea:…………………………………………………………..
asthma:……………………………………………………………..
Look at the underlined letters in these pairs of words. Is the
pronunciation the same or different? Look at the examples first.
Examples: ache pain same
constipated stomach different
1 disease diarrhoea 4 virus illness
2 chemist ache 5 flu muscle
3 hurt allergic 6 cough enough
Look at the pictures and write what happened in the space below. Use the active vocabulary.
I had …………………………………………………………………………………
Fill the gaps with a suitable word.
I hit my hand on the desk and it really …………… .
They say she died of a heart …………… .
She had some apples that weren't ready to eat and now she's got stomache- ………….. .
I've got this terrible ………….. in my neck from sleeping in the wrong position.
He died of ………… cancer even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life.
I went to the doctor, and she gave me a …………. for some tablets.
Pollution makes her ………….. worse and it's difficult for her to breathe.
There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious ………… than the other.
I hurt ………….. when I fell off that chair.
My back …………. from sitting at that computer all day.
Have you had any aches and pains recently? Make a list of the illnesses you have had. Are there any other illnesses you have had or still have? If so, find the name for it/them in English.
Translate the following phrasal verbs and verb-preposition collocations for health and illness
I'm fighting off a cold at the moment. (trying to get rid of).
Marge isn't in today; she's gone down with flu. (has caught, usually a non-serious illness).
I won't be going today. I've come down with a dreadful cold. (with I we say come down not go down)
I had a virus last week, but I got over it quite quickly. (got better/recovered)
My sister's recovering from a major operation. (getting better: used for more serious illnesses)
Harry suffers from hay fever and sneezes a lot if he is near grass or flowers. (used for more long-term problems)
He
died
of / from
lung cancer. (Not:
He died
with
lung cancer.)
14. Read the text below and find words in the text which mean
the following:
1. doctor who looks after people's general health: GP means general practitioner
2. choose private healthcare
3. large centre with several doctors and kinds of services
4. general expression for all of the services offered by hospitals, clinics, dentists, opticians, etc.
5. tax paid by most adults which covers the costs of healthcare for everyone
6. British name for the service that covers hospitals, clinics, dentists, etc
7. charge for the medication the doctor prescribes, which you pay at a pharmacy
8. small centre with just two or three doctors
“In Britain, healthcare is paid for through taxes and national insurance payments taken directly from wages and salaries. The government decides how much will be spent on the National Health Service, but a lot of people feel they do not spend enough. Hospital treatment and visits to a family doctor (or GP) at a surgery or clinic are free, but there is a prescription charge. Dentists and opticians charge fees. Private healthcare is available and a large number of insurance schemes exist to enable people to 'go private'.
15. Translate into English:
лікуватись приватно; державне страхування; плата за прописані ліки; державна служба охорони здоров’я; аптека, ліки; сімейний лікар.