Booklet_4th_ed_12-13_injaz
.pdfM. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
Exercise 5. Use etymological dictionary to discover the components involved in the following words that originally, in Old English, were compounds:
1.Lady__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2.Lord__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3.Gossip________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4.Daisy_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5.Nostril________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.Sheriff_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7.Shepherd______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8.Goodbye_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
9.Garlic_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10.Marshal_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
PRACTICAL TASK 8
‘WORLD ENGLISHES’
Food for thought and further discussion:
A major cause of deterioration in the use of the English language is very simply the enormous increase in the number of people who are using it.
Anonymous The English language is at more than one point in its history a language which is being carried from one part of the world to another.
Terry Hoad England and America are two countries divided by a common language.
George Bernard Shaw
You might find it interesting to know that…
What started as a Germanic dialect spoken in a small part of England is now a language spoken by over a billion people in many parts of the world as a first or second language.
Exercise 1. Give British English (BrE) and American English (AmE) equivalents of the following Ukrainian words:
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Ukrainian |
BrE |
AmE |
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1 |
партер (в театрі) |
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2 |
номерний знак |
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автомобіля |
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3 |
картопля фрі |
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4 |
баклажан |
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5 |
антракт (в театрі) |
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6 |
вітрове скло автомобіля |
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7 |
гайкóвий ключ |
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8 |
квиток туди й назад |
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9 |
серветка |
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10 |
брáти напрокат |
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11 |
цукерки, солодощі |
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12 |
осінь |
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13 |
півень |
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
14вантажівка
15вагон
Exercise 2. Make changes to the sentences so that they become more typical
of Canadian English:
1.Have you ever seen a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer in the streets of this city?
2.Let’s meet at the Art Center.
3.Most of the residents in this area have French as their first language.
4.You need to have a one-dollar coin to use this vending machine.
Exercise 3. What do you think these examples of Australian colloquialisms mean? They are all formed by abbreviating an English word that you know:
1.Her ambition is to become a journo when she leaves uni.
2.Tom was planning to do a bit of farming bizzo while he was in the States.
3.What are you plans for this arvo?
4.As our oldies had gone away for the weekend, we decided to invite our mates and have a barbie party.
5.What places are you going to visit when you are in Oz?
Exercise 4. Match the Indian English word (1-12) with its American English equivalent (A-L). Explain your choice.
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Indian English |
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American English |
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1 |
undertrials |
A |
hair washing |
2 |
wearunders |
B |
religious practice |
3 |
issueless |
C |
thief / bandit |
4 |
Eve–teaser |
D |
the general public |
5 |
the common man |
E |
people awaiting trial |
6 |
ultra |
F |
chest |
7 |
miscreant |
G |
nurse |
8 |
bosom |
H |
man who annoys women |
9 |
head-bath |
I |
soldier |
10 |
cow-worship |
J |
have no children |
11 |
ayah |
K |
underwear |
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
12 |
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jawan |
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L |
someone with extreme views |
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Exercise 5. The statements below were made by a Scot. Using an English Dictionary, answer the questions about them:
1.Ann had a bonny wee lassie last night. – What happened to Ann yesterday?_____________________________________________
2.The McKingslys live next to the kirk. – What would be your reference point if you were trying to find their house?_________
3.“Are you joining us for a glass of wine, Ned? – “Aye.”
Does Ned agree or disagree?____________________________
4.They have a wonderful view of the loch from their window. – What can they see from the window?_____________________
Exercise 6. Which variety of English might each of these statements or questions represent? Explain your choice.
1.Would you like a wee dram?
2.People had to stand in long queues to see this film in the cinema.
3.We got terribly bitten by mozzies at yesterday’s barbie.
4.That’s a nice vintage chesterfield.
5.As a favor to Alice he bought her a one-way ticket and took care of her luggage.
6.The police finally nabbed the miscreant.
7.He wants to major in Chinese at college when he leaves high school.
8.Every farmer in this country owns a ute.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
RECOMMENDED READING:
1.Аракин В.Д. История английского языка: Учебное пособие. – 2-е изд.
– М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2001. – 272с.
2.Аракин В.Д. Очерки по истории английского языка. М. 1973.
3.Бруннер К. История английского языка. Т. 1-2. Перев. с немецкого. – М.: 1955.
4.Верба Л.Г. Історія англійської мови. Посібник для студентів та викладачів вищих навчальних закладів. – Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2006. – 296с. – Англ. мовою.
5.Залесская Л.Д., Матвеева Д.А. Пособие по истории английского языка для заочных отделений факультетов английского языка педагогических институтов. – М.: Высш. шк., 1984.
6.Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 3-е. – СПб., «Авалон», «Азбука-классика», 2006. – 560с.
7.Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. Практикум по истории английского языка: Учебное пособие. Изд. 3-е, перераб. – СПб., «Авалон», «Азбука-классика», 2005. – 192с.
8.Ильиш Б.А. История английского языка. – Л., 1973.
9.Линский С.С. Сборник упражнений по истории английского языка. Л., 1963.
10.Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка: Учебник / Т.А. Расторгуева. – 2-е изд, стер. – М.: ООО «Издательство Астрель»:
ООО «Издательство АСТ», 2002. – 352с. – На англ. яз.
11.Резник Р.В., Сорокина Т.А., Резник И.В. История английского языка / A History of the English Language. – М.: Наука, Флинта. – 2003. – 496с.
12.Смирницкий А.И. Лекции по истории английского языка. – М.: ООО
«Добросвет», 2000. – 238с.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
13.Смирницкий А.И. Хрестоматия по истории английского языка (с VII поXVIIв.). – М., 1953.
14.Хаймович Б.С. Стислий курс історії англійської мови. – К.: Вища школа, 1975. (A Short Outline of the History of English). – 89с.
15.A History of the English Language. Edited by Richard Hogg & David Denison. Cambridge University Press, 2006. – 511p.
16.A Companion to the History of the English Language. Edited by Huruko Momma & Michael Matto. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. – 708p.
17.Barber, Charles; Beal, Joan C.; Shaw, Philip A. The English Language. A Historical Introduction. – 2nd ed. – Cambridge University Press, 2009. – 320p.
18.Baugh, Albert C. & Cable, Thomas. A History of the English Language. Fifth Edition. Routledge, 2002. – 447p.
19.Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition, 1997. – 495p.
20.Culpeper, Jonathan. History of English. Routledge, 2005. – 134p. 21.Fennell, Barbara A. A History of English. A Sociolinguistic Approach.
Blackwell Publishers, 2001. – 284p.
22.Gelderen, Elle van. A History of the English Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. – 334p.
23.Pyles, Thomas; Algeo, John. The Origins and Development of the English Language. – 4th edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993. – 381p.
24.Shay, Scott. The History of English. – Wardja Press. – 2008. – 232p. 25.The Oxford History of English. Edited by Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford
University Press, 2006. – 498p.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
1.Periods in the history of English and their characteristics.
2.The state of endings and its significance for the development of English.
3.The major peculiarities of Proto-Germanic compared with Indo European.
4.Word accentuation in the Proto-Germanic period.
5.Scandinavian invasion and its influence on the history of English.
6.Norman Conquest and its influence on the history of English.
7.The formation of the English national language: reasons and consequences.
8.The comparative-historical method. Indo-European family of languages.
9.Grimm’s Law. Exceptions to the Grimm’s Law.
10.Verner’sLaw.DevelopmentofIndo-EuropeanvowelsinGermaniclanguages.
11.Phonetic peculiarities of West-Germanic languages.
12.Anglo-Saxon dialects and their phonetic peculiarities.
13.Phonetic changes in Old English.
14.The Old English system of sounds and letters.
15.Middle English spelling changes.
16.Middle English consonant changes.
17.Middle English quantitative changes of vowels.
18.Middle English qualitative changes of vowels.
19.Development of OE diphthongs and new diphthongs in Middle English period.
20.Early New English spelling changes.
21.Early New English changes of short and long vowels.
22.Early New English combinative changes.
23.Early New English changes of consonants.
24.Development of diphthongs in Early New English.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
25.Historical development of the English Noun.
26.The main categories of the Verb in Old English.
27.Verb conjugation in Old English. Irregular verbs in Old English.
28.Mixed (Preterite-Present) verbs in Old English.
29.Development of the Verb in Middle English.
30.Early New English changes in the system of the Verb.
31.The Pronoun and its historical development.
32.The Article and its historical development.
33.Historical development of the English Adjective.
34.Old English Syntax.
35.English Syntax in the Middle and Early New English periods.
36.Development of the English vocabulary in the Old English period.
37.Development of the English vocabulary in the Middle English period.
38.Development of the English vocabulary in the Early New English period.
TOPICS FOR SELF-STUDY AND REPORTS
1.English runes. Runic inscriptions.
2.Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum.
3.OE period. Heptarchy. OE dialects. OE manuscripts.
4.Cædmon and Cynewulf.
5.Kennings in OE.
6.Beowulf and Poetry in OE.
7.Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
8.The years of King Alfred and the Danelaw.
9.Early Middle English Dialects.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
10.ME written records. Peterborough Chronicle.
11.History of the London dialect.
12.Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales.
13.“Chaucer’s contemporaries”.
14.Early New English. Shakespeare’s language.
15.Language and the Age of Renaissance.
16.Printing and standardization of English.
17.Post-Shakespearian English.
18.The King James Bible.
19.Development of English spelling / orthography.
20.English grammarians.
21.First dictionaries of the English language.
22.Varieties of English in Britain.
23.Geographical expansion of the English language (American, Australian, Canadian, Indian, New Zealand).
24.English as a Global Language.
25.Influence of English on other languages, IE and non-IE.
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M. Babenko. Lecture Notes and Practical Tasks in the History of English Language and its Varieties
GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS
Ablaut: Jacob Grimm's term for the way in which OE strong verbs formed
their preterites by a vowel change. This is also called gradation. An example would be the principal parts of Old English strong verbs, such as cēosan ‘to choose’ – cēas – curon – coren, and ModE ring, rang, rung.
Agreement: Matching of grammatical forms within a phrase (e.g., this table, these tables) or a sentence (e.g., there is a road, there are roads). Also called concord.
Analytic language: A language in which grammatical relationships among words in a sentence are determined by the order of the words in that sentence. This language tends to use separate words to convey grammatical information: e.g., more beautiful, most beautiful. Modern English is an example.
Anglo-Norman: French spoken by the Normans in England after the Norman Conquest, a geographical variety of Norman French.
Anglophone: English-speaking, usually pertaining to a person or a region in a colonial or post-colonial setting. An Anglophone is an English-speaking person typically in Canada.
Anglo-Saxons: The Germanic peoples who settled the British Isles beginning in the 5th and 6thA.D. and spoke Old English. Conquered by the Normans in 1066, they were gradually absorbed into the Norman French-speaking population.
Article: There are two kinds in English: the definite article the and the indefinite article a(n). The former has derived from OE demonstrative forms like þæm, þa (‘the’), and the latter from the OE numeral ān (‘one’).
Aspect: Refers to a category of the verb pertaining to time. A sentence like “they are traveling” (i.e., be + Present Participle) is progressive in aspect, as it expresses an action in progress.
A general term in phonetics which refers to the influence exercised by one sound segment upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds become more alike, or identical.
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