фарма основы рецептуры

Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ

ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə «ȽɊɈȾɇȿɇɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɂɃ

ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ»

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ

ɉ.Ȼ. ɋɌȺɇɄȿȼɂɑ ȼ.ɂ. ɄɈɁɅɈȼɋɄɂɃ ɇ.Ʉ. ɋɈɄɈɅɈȼ

ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ȼɊȺɑȿȻɇɈɃ ɊȿɐȿɉɌɍɊɕ

ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ, ɩɟɞɢɚɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ

Ƚɪɨɞɧɨ

ȽɪȽɆɍ

2012

ɍȾɄ 615.11(075.8) ȻȻɄ 52.829ɹ73

C76

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ» (ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʋ 3 ɨɬ 31 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2012 ɝ.).

Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ: ɞɨɰ. ɤɚɮ. ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ», ɤɚɧɞ. ɦɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ ɉ.Ȼ. ɋɬɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ; ɞɨɰ. ɤɚɮ. ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ», ɤɚɧɞ. ɦɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ;

ɚɫɫɢɫɬ. ɤɚɮ. ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ» ɇ.Ʉ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ.

Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ: ɡɚɜ. 2-ɣ ɤɚɮ. ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ», ɩɪɨɮ., ɞ-ɪ ɦɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ ɇ.ɋ. ɉɚɪɚɦɨɧɨɜɚ.

ɋɬɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ, ɉ.Ȼ.

ɋ76 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɵ : ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ, ɩɟɞɢɚɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ / ɉ.Ȼ. ɋɬɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ, ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ. – Ƚɪɨɞɧɨ : ȽɪȽɆɍ, 2012. - 52 ɫ.

ISBN 978-985-558-125-4

ȼ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ.

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ.

ɑɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɆɁ ɊȻ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ 3 6 ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ». Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɚɱɟɣ.

ɍȾɄ 615.11(075.8) ȻȻɄ 52.829ɹ73

ISBN 978-985-558-125-4

© ɋɬɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ ɉ.Ȼ., Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɂ., ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɇ.Ʉ., 2012

© ɍɈ «ȽɪȽɆɍ», 2012

2

ɉɊȿȾɂɋɅɈȼɂȿ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (Ʌɋ).

Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨ-ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ Ʌɋ (ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ). ɗɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɜ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɟɫɬɪ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɊȻ.

Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 20 ɥɟɬ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɇȽ) ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥ Ʌɋ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ɉɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɚɩɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ: ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɩɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ) ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ Ɋɍɉ «Ȼɟɥɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɹ» ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟɣ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɩɬɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜ ɧɟɟ ɜɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɚɩɬɟɤɢ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɑɍɉ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ), ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ɗɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɢɥɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɰɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɚɩɬɟɤ.

Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɚɩɬɟɤɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɹɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɞɨɛɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɩɭɫɤ ɢɡ ɚɩɬɟɤ.

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɢ ɜɪɚɱɢ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ; ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɑɍɉ), ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

ɉɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɚɩɬɟɤ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-

3

ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɬɭ. ɉɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ (2010 ɝ.) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ (ɮɨɪɦɚ ʋ 3).

Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɆɁ ɊȻ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɭ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɰɟɧ, ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɫɛɵɬɚ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɆɁ ɊȻ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ Ʌɋ ɩɨ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɦɛɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ.

ȼɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ.

ɐɟɥɶ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ.

4

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ

Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɢɯ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ).

ɉɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. ȼɪɚɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ.

Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ. Ɍɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ), ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɷɬɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ.

ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɯɨɬɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ – ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ:

Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ; ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ (ɮɢɪɦɟ).

Ƚɟɧɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ (generic) – ɷɬɨ ɥɟɤɚɪ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɡɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɨɬ

5

ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ. Ɉɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɨɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ (Ɇɇɇ, INN) –

ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (ȼɈɁ). ɗɬɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ȼɈɁ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɟ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɇɇɇ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ, ɱɺɬɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɨɣ (ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ).

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ (ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ) – ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.

ȼɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ – ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ (ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɚ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ – ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ – ɷɬɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.

ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ (ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ), ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɛɨɪ). Ƚɚɥɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ (ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɢɯ

6

ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɱɚ Ʉɥɚɜɞɢɹ Ƚɚɥɟɧɚ) ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ʉ ɝɚɥɟɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ: ɧɚɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ (ɛɟɥɤɢ, ɫɥɢɡɢ, ɤɪɚɫɹɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɟɧɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ. ɇɨɜɨɝɚɥɟɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɪɟɧɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɤɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɹɦ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɮɢɰɢɧɚɥɴɧɵɦɢ (ɨɬ officina - ɚɩɬɟɤɚ). Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɚɩɬɟɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɚɱɚ, ɫ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ (ɨɬ magister - ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ). ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ (ɨɮɢɰɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɹɦɢ). ȼ ɩɟɞɢɚɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɳɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɭ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɵɪɶɸ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɮɨɪɦɚ), ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ:

Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ – ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ, ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ, ɞɪɚɠɟ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ, ɤɚɪɚɦɟɥɢ, ɩɚɫɬɢɥɤɢ, ɩɢɥɸɥɢ, ɩɥɟɧɤɢ (ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ), ɫɭɯɢɟ ɢ ɝɭɫɬɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ.

Ɇɹɝɤɢɟ – ɦɚɡɢ, ɩɚɫɬɵ, ɝɟɥɢ, ɤɪɟɦɵ, ɫɜɟɱɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɵɪɢ.

7

ɀɢɞɤɢɟ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ, ɧɚɫɬɨɢ, ɨɬɜɚɪɵ, ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ, ɧɚɫɬɨɣɤɢ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ, ɥɢɧɢɦɟɧɬɵ, ɦɢɤɫɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨɜɨɝɚɥɟɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɵ, ɥɨɫɶɨɧɵ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɫɢɪɨɩɵ.

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ:

Ʉɚɩɫɭɥɵ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɣ. Ⱥɷɪɨɡɨɥɢ.

ɋɛɨɪɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ.

Ɉɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɢɧɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ.

8

ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ ȾɈɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ

ȼ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ ɡɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɪɚɦɦ (1,0), ɡɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ – ɨɞɢɧ ɦɢɥɥɢɥɢɬɪ (1 ml).

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɤɚɩɥɹɯ, ɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɪɢɦɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɢɲɭɬ gtts (ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ guttas – ɜɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɞɟɠ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: gtts V (ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɩɹɬɶ).

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ȿȾ, ɆȿȾ ɢ ɞɪ.

ɉɪɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɪɚɦɦ (1,0):

0,1 – ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɰɢɝɪɚɦɦ;

0,01 – ɨɞɢɧ ɫɚɧɬɢɝɪɚɦɦ;

0,001 – ɨɞɢɧ ɦɢɥɥɢɝɪɚɦɦ;

0,0001 – ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɰɢɦɢɥɥɢɝɪɚɦɦ;

0,00001 – ɨɞɢɧ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɢɥɥɢɝɪɚɦɦ;

0,000001 – ɨɞɢɧ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.

Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨ-

ɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɵ-

ɜɚɸɬ ɬɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ – Da tales doses numero... (D. t. d. N....) – «Ⱦɚɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɡ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ...». ɇɟɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ-

ɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ. ɉɚɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɚɦ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪɟ (ɩɨ 1 ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɥɨɠɤɟ, ɩɨ 10 ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.).

ɉɪɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɪɚɱ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ:

1 ɫɬɨɥɨɜɚɹ ɥɨɠɤɚ = 15 ɦɥ; 1 ɞɟɫɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɥɨɠɤɚ = 7,5 ɦɥ (10 ɦɥ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ);

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1 ɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɥɨɠɤɚ = 5 ɦɥ;

1 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ = 20 ɤɚɩɟɥɶ;

1 ɦɥ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ = 50 ɤɚɩɟɥɶ; 1 ɦɥ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ § 50 ɤɚɩɟɥɶ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡ-

ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ).

ɊȿɐȿɉɌ ɂ ȿȽɈ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ

Ɋɟɰɟɩɬ – ɷɬɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɱɚ (ɢɥɢ ɮɟɥɶɞɲɟɪɚ)

ɜɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜ ɚɩɬɟɤɭ ɨɛ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ (ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ) ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɟɰɟɩɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ (ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ) ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɨɦ (ɚɩɬɟɤɨɣ). Ɋɟɰɟɩɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ

ɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɜɪɚɱɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɩɬɟɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

ɇɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɲɬɚɦɩ ɫ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ «Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ» ɢ ɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɱɚ. Ȼɥɚɧɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɨɦ. ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɰɟɩɬ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜɪɚɱ, ɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɨɦ ɜ ɚɩɬɟɤɟ.

Ɋɟɰɟɩɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ 5 ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.

x ɉɟɪɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɚ (inscriptio – ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɚɬɚ ɜɵɩɢɫɤɢ, ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫ (ɢɥɢ ʋ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ), ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɜɪɚɱɚ.

x ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ (invocatio) – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɤ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɭ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ Recipe: (ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨ Rp.), ɱɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ «ɜɨɡɶɦɢ».

x Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ (praescriptio) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ:

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