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  1. The term “ecology” is translated as the science about: oikos, meaning "household," and logos, meaning "study."

  2. The interrelation between populations, such as “parasitism” is defined by the following combination of signs. 1) it exists over the time of many generations; 2) it possesses a certain degree of panmixia: interbreed freely; 3) it is isolated to some extent.

  3. The observation and data collection about ecological situations on the planet is called: (ecological) monitoring

  4. One of the objectives of ecology is the study about: The study of the relationships of organisms with other organisms and with their physical environment.

  5. The reason of origins of ecological problems: human intervention or man impact

  6. An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving (abiotic), physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight. Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework

  7. The noosphereis the planetary sphere of mind or thinking layer of planet Earth. As the mental sheathe of the planet, the noosphere characterizes mind and consciousness as a unitary phenomenon. This means that the quality and nature of our individual and collective thoughts directly effects the noosphere and creates the quality of our environment—the biosphere.

  8. Autecology studies such characteristics of the living organisms as adaptation to temperature, humidity, salinity and other environmental factors, as well as growth and reproduction, lifetime, growth rate, and also metabolism characteristics - composition and quantity of food, respiration rate, and photosynthetic rate. Autecology focuses on establishing the limits for individual (organism) existence as well as on the physical and chemical limits chosen by the organism from the entire range of their values.

  1. Sinecology or Community Ecology studies the community species composition, their spatial pattern, and communities change with time.

  2. Population Ecology or Demecology studies characteristics of the population consisting of species varying in quality, age, sex, and phenotype.

  3. The greatest amount of emissions in enterprises of iron and steel are carried out in the manufacturing process of.

  4. What’s the sanitary security zone? The main objective of the principles of social insurance-based, effective, equitable, easily accessible, actuarial and financially sustainable, modern standards of health to carry out the security system.

  5. The resource of chemical pollution of the environment? That make up the natural environment of soil, water and air activities that could adversely affect the chemical properties of living things and the disruption of vital activities. For example, a variety of productive agricultural land, factory solid and liquid waste discharge into rivers or streams, and the agricultural land, rivers and lakes from harmful heavy metals indicates that exposure to chemical contamination becomes polluted.

  6. To the biological pollution of the environment belongs? The natural environment of soil, air and water pollution of various microorganisms and microbial degradation of the structure due to microbiological contamination, biological contamination is contamination by microorganisms, defines the same media. For example, irrigation of agricultural areas with sewer water or sewage water in rivers, lakes and sea evacuation of the disease-causing microorganisms in the soil water and sewerage, water and pollution of the atmosphere through the microbiological causes of these environments.

  7. Physical pollution is associated with? Environment which make up the soil, water and air to all or part of the physical properties of human, animal and plan the alth-threatening, could adversely affect the degradation phenomenon. Production of various factories in the evacuation of waste streams and lakes, lake and sea transportation of natural erosion of soils with light brown, ranging room red to black color is caused to take. This is the pollution of water in the event.

  8. Oil pollution or oil is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution

  9. Main source of radioactive contamination - physical contaminants, chemical contaminants, biological contaminants

  10. A country with the highest pollution- France

  11. The predominant types of pollution of aquatic ecosystems mining and coal industry are: metallurgy, chemical, cellulose and paper, petroleum-refining

  12. Contaminant supplied to the environment by enterprises of the agricultural cycles: #1-the use of water for irrigation of agricultural crops resulted in the decrease by over 90 % of the natural water flow from the Tien Shan Mountains

  13. Inter specific competition in a community of living organisms is studied by: sinecology

  14. the relationship of the “predator-prey” in the community of living organisms is studied by: sinecology

  15. relationships ‘host- parasite’ in the community of living organisms is studies by: sinecology

  16. competitive relationship between different types of community living organisns is studied by: sinecology

  17. Ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism does in its habitat.

  18. Producers rank first at trophic level: plants

  19. xerophytes - plants that adapted to the environmental conditions in:that lacks water, such as a desert. Xerophytic plants may have adapted shapes and forms (morphology) or internal functions (physiology) that reduce their water loss or store water during long periods of dryness. Plants with such morphological adaptations are called xeromorphic.

  20. Autotrophic organisms are the ones, which are: green plants, which, synthesize organic matter of their cells (biomass) from the mineral components of the environmental and is major supplier of the organic matter, and related to their energy in biocenoses and ecosystems.

  21. the organisms that belong to the heterotrophic are: the organisms that derive their energy from food resulted from destructed organic matter, originall ycreated by producers.

  22. Heterotrophic organism conists of two groups: consumers and decomposers. Consumers: consume the finished organic matter (all animals, parasitic and insectivorous plants). Decomposers: subsist on dead organic matter and during their vital activities decompose it to inorganic. Thanks to them, the most important nutrients contained in dead organisms go back into the biological cycle and are repetedly used in metabolism of living organisms.

  23. Toxic components of exhaust gas on a vehicle: Nitrogen oxides

  24. To global environmental problems include: The depletion of the ozone Layer, desertification , deforestation

  25. To global environmental problems include: The depletion of the ozone Layer, desertification , deforestation

  26. What ocean polluter is more dangerous for the living organisms at this stage? Oil products

  27. The bulk of carbon dioxide(CO?) Enters the atmosphere at the present stage as a result of: CO2

  28. The concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and water vapour) in the atmosphere increases that results in climate warming.

  29. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at fighting global warming. The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving the "stabilization ofgreenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

  30. May be SOLAR ENERGY ( I’ve read Subject of Lecture 7. Natural Resources and their Rational Use as One of Aspects of Sustainable Development, but I didn’t find accurate answer for this question)

  31. The difference between cleaner production of ecological production is: Cleaner production means the continuous application integrated preventive environmental strategy to production processes and products to reduce the risk to human health and the environment

  32. Biotechnology (sometimes shortened to "biotech") is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering,technologymedicine and other fields requiring bioproducts.

  33. Who coined the term ‘’ecology’’ Ernest Haeckel

  34. Who is the author of teaching about the biosphere? Vernadsky

  35. For the first time the term “ecosystem” was introduced by: Roy Clapham

  36. The abiotic environment includes: all the nonliving factors and processes in an ecosystem.(water, air,land)

  37. To the biotic factors of the environment belong: plants, animals, microbes.

  38. to such a relationship between populations, as competition, denoted combination of characters is defined as autoecology

  39. tolerance is means to tolerate or put up with differences. It means showing respect for the race, religion, age, gender, opinions, and ideologies of other people or groups

  40. according to the law , tolerance of V.Shelford organisms : The range between the two values is called the range of tolerance (RT).

  41. the limiting factors is : factor that controls a population's growth, such as organism growth or species population, size, or distribution.

  42. Ecological succession is the phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes following disturbance or initial colonization of new habitat

  43. What is the role biologization production in solving environmental problems? Household problems

  44. Human ecology- the science that studies preservation and development of human health, relationship between human and his circumambient natural and social environment

  45. Ethnological and precipitating factor of human diseases: mutation

  46. The population explosion- is a rapid population upsurge of the Earth.

  47. The first metropolis of the world- Babylon, the world's first metropolis

  48. waste water treatment methods used are

Wastewater treatment, however, can also be organized or categorized by the nature of the treatment process operation being used;  for example, physical, chemical or biological.  Examples of these treatment steps are shown below.  A complete treatment system may consist of the application of a number of physical, chemical and biological processes to the wastewater.     

  1. under the reclamation is understood the complex of works

Reclamation is the process of reclaiming something from loss or from a less useful condition. It is generally used of water reclamation, which, a century ago meant damming streams (thus the US Bureau of Reclamation owning dams), and now has come to be used to describe wastewater reclamation.

  1. the total environmental damage is considered to be any damage to one of the components of the environment (air, energy, flora, fauna, landscape, land set-up, nature, noise, soil, waste, water, etc.)

  2. According to the law on environmental protection of RK who is responsible for production monitoring? The government of RK

  3. The basic principle of international cooperation in the sphere of Conduct Environmental Protection in RK: protection environment

  4. Ecology- the science that studies: the relationships of organisms with other organisms and with their physical environment

  5. Relationship between populations as the “predation” is market by signs:

  6. The essence of the “rules of the minimum” of Libikh is that if: at least one of the environmental factors beyond the minimum (less than the minimum), then the organism dies

  7. A relationship between population as “commensalism” is marked by signs: +0

  8. The concentration function of living matter of the biosphere is to: the totality of bodies of living organisms in the biosphere, regardless of their systematic affiliation

  9. who presented works brought below for the first time as ecology the science of the general relations of organisms to the environment: Ernst Haeckel

  10. Biological process in which light energy is converted to accumulated in the cell, called: Photosynthesis

  11. Biological process in which nutrients are oxidized, is called: Metabolism

  12. which functional group contains bacteria and fungi in the biogenesis: Saprotrophic nutrition or hemogeterotrof

  13. Which functional group includes animals in the biogenesis: Consumers or hemoorganotrof

  14. International program devote to the most acute problems of the ecological crisis:

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 was a unique moment in diplomatic history., the concept of “sustainable development.”

  1. Sustainable Development is a such development of society in which living standards of people are improved and the impact on the environment remains within the limits of the biosphere’s assimilating capacity, thus the natural basis of the mankind functioning is not destroyed. At SD the needs and requirement are satisfied without damage for future generation.

  2. Stage monitoring- the basis level of collection of primary data: Data Collection

  3. Main-made anthropogenic impacts on the biota- is: biodiversity

  4. The most common classification of human to the anthropogenic impact is: ecological problems

  5. The level of traffic noise produced by heavy track (dB): 140

Noise sources associated with transportation projects can include passenger vehicles, medium trucks, heavy trucks and buses. Each of these vehicles produces noise; however, the source and magnitude of the noise can vary greatly depending on vehicle type. For example, while the noise from passenger vehicles occurs mainly from the tire-roadway interface and is therefore located at ground level, noise from heavy trucks is produced by a combination of noise from tires, engine, and exhaust, resulting in a noise source that is approximately 8 feet above the ground. The following list provides information on the types of transportation noise sources that will be part of a roadway project, and describes the type of noise each produces.

  1. Environmental noise is the summary of noise from transport, industrial and recreational activities.

  2. Environmental noise occurs during the functioning of household: This review provides an overview of literature in the field of noise and health. It focuses on transportationnoise, particularly aircraft noise and looks at the possible effects on health to include annoyance and psychological health, cardiovascular and physiological health, performance, and the effects of noise on children.

  3. Allowable traffic noise in the walls of houses in the afternoon (dB): 50

  4. The basic unit if activity decay of the radioactive material is: The becquerel (symbol Bq) (pronounced: 'be-kə-rel) is the SI-derived unit of radioactivity. One Bq is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second.

  5. In bios enosis plants serve as: a valuable weapon against indoor air pollution. They can absorb harmful chemicals.

  6. The role of producers in an aquatic ecosystem perform: production of organic matters

  7. The role of consumers in an aquatic ecosystem:

  8. The role of decomposers in an aquatic ecosystem perform: decomposition of organic matters

  9. Relationship between population as a “symbolic” is marked by signs: ++

  10. Destructive function of living matter of the biosphere is to:

Depredate and mineralize of dead organic matter, chemical decomposition of rocks and involving formed minerals in a biological cycle

  1. Energy function of living matter of the biosphere is to: accumulate solar energy in the form of various chemical compounds

  2. Environment-forming function of living matter of the biosphere is to: Transform physical and chemical parameters of the environment (the atmosphere, the lithosphere and the hydrosphere) in conditions favorable for life of organisms

  3. Functional classification of ecosystem is based on: the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings

  4. As a result of environment-forming functions of living matter of the biosphere in the Earth’s geographical sphere was an important event: Transformation of gas composition of the primitive atmosphere, the change in the chemical composition of water in the primary ocean, formation of the sedimentary rock mass in the lithosphere, formation of a topsoil (fertile soil layer) on the surface of the earth took place

  5. Chemical compounds that can cause malignant and benign tumors in the body, called the Carcinogens

  6. World population in 2005 was 6.4 billion

  7. At the heart of environmental management and environmental protection are issues such as economic, health, aesthetic, educational and Biological

  8. Use and protection of natural resources should be based on anticipation and prevention as possible negative effects of nature- this is called The rule of rational using

  9. Increase or decrease the use of resource increases or reduces the use of he other resources- it is a combination of competitive interests of economic entities.

  10. The elements of nature, necessary for a man of his live hood and becoming involved in material production, they are called -natural resources

  11. What natural resources are coal, oil and most of the other minerals? exhaustible nonrenewable

  12. Human activities are aimed at restoring the natural environment disturbed by human activities or natural processes, is constructive action

  13. Geochemical processes caused by mining, technology, engineering and construction and agricultural activities of man, said techno genesis

  14. Ecological trouble, which is characterized by deep irreversible environmental changes and a significant deterioration in health, is called- -ecological disaster

  15. The living matter of the biosphere is associated with all living organisms.

  16. Features of the current level of interaction between nature and society.

  17. The concept of ecology: The object of the ecology is to study the connection between the plants and animals with their physical and biological environment.

  18. Under the community know: a community is a group of interacting living organisms sharing a populated environment.

  19. The object of study of ecology is to study the connection between the plants and animals with their physical and biological environment.

  20. Such a relationship between populations, as “mutualism” is marked by signs: ++ parasitism

  21. Functional classification of ecosystems based on: biomes

  22. Structural classification of ecosystem includes: Biocoenosis · · synopsize Tsenoyacheyka · · edificator consortium

  23. What are resources? A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced. Typically resources are materials or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable.

  24. The most common classification of human impact: includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources

  25. The Kyoto protocol in respect of the acceding countries included a commitment- reduce or stabilize greenhouse gas emissions relative to 1991 levels

  26. The class definition of “SD” as “SD that ensures the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs” was first formulated in- .1987 years by the war commissions on the environment development in its report our common future

  27. “Greenhouse effect” and the destruction of the ozone layer affect the all countries.

  28. The warming of the Earth is connected with: Greenhouse effect

  29. convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted 22 march 1985 Vienna

  30. where a protocol was signed, aimed at controlling the production and the use of chlorofluorocarbon: in Montreal 1987

  31. what is the year of signing the Kyoto Protocol to stabilize greenhouse gas emission: 1997

  32. Public environmental group was organized in 70th of XX century

  33. That does not apply to thee types of pollution? Information

  34. Acid rain- it is rain or snow, having a pH- less than 5,6

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