Pitannya_do_zalikiv_611-an (2)
.docxПитання до заліку з англійської літератури
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Anglo-Saxon Roots —Pessimism and Comradeship
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Chaucer—Social Diversity
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Chaucer—A Man of Unusual Cultivation
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Spenser—The Faerie Queene
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Early Drama—Low Comedy and Religion
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Marlowe—Controversy and Danger
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Shakespeare the Man—The Road to the Globe
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Shakespeare's Rivals—Jonson and Webster
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The Metaphysicals—Conceptual Daring
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Paradise Lost—A New Language for Poetry
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The King James Bible—English Most Elegant
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Turmoil Makes for Good Literature
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The Augustans—Order, Decorum, and Wit
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Johnson—Bringing Order to the Language
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Swift—Anger and Satire
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Defoe—Crusoe and the Rise of Capitalism
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The Golden Age of Fiction
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Gibbon—Window into 18th-Century England
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Equiano—The Inhumanity of Slavery
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Scott and Burns—The Voices of Scotland
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Blake—Mythic Universes and Poetry
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Lyrical Ballads—Collaborative Creation
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Mad, Bad Byron
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Keats—Literary Gold
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Behn—Emancipation in the Restoration
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Women Poets—The Minor Voice
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Wollstonecraft—"First of a New Genus"
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Frankenstein—A Gothic Masterpiece
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Miss Austen and Mrs. Radcliffe
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Pride and Prejudice—Moral Fiction
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Dickens—Writer with a Mission
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The 1840s—Growth of the Realistic Novel
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Wuthering Heights—Emily's Masterwork
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Eliot—Fiction arid Moral Reflection
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Jane Eyre and the Other Bronte
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Voices of Victorian Poetry
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Heart of Darkness—Heart of the Empire?
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Wilde—Celebrity Author
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The British Bestseller—An Overview
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Shaw and Pygmalion
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Joyce and Yeats—Giants of Irish Literature
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Bloomsbury and the Bloomsberries
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Great War, Great Poetry
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20th-century English Poetry—Two Traditions
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British Fiction from James to Rushdie
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New Theatre, New Literary Worlds
Питання до заліку з історії мови
What effect did the creation of dictionaries have on the history of English spelling?
How has English changed over time with regard to inflected endings?
For the speakers of a given language, are some languages inherently more difficult to learn than others?
Do most languages gradually evolve toward a higher or lower form?
Who were the Indo-Europeans, and where did they originate?
How did Europeans come to posit the existence of an Indo-European set of tongues?
What is the historical relationship between English and the Germanic languages?
Give examples of how Grimm's Law accounts for differences in pronunciation among certain Indo-European languages.
How does the act of reciprocal gift-giving reveal itself in Indo-European root words?
What are some Indo-European cognates from the world of agriculture that have been passed down into English?
What were the major Old English dialects, and where were they spoken?
Explain some of the typical characteristics of noun and verb forms in Germanic languages.
Explain several ways that Old English created new words. What were the chief characteristics of Old English as a literary language? In what ways was Old English already changing before the Norman French arrived in England?
How did Old English word endings evolve independent of Norman influence—and what is a plausible explanation for this phenomenon?
Why does a perfectly healthy language adopt loan words from another language?
What are some of the major endings or clusters of letters that identify a word as French in
origin?
Could Chaucer have read "Caedmon's Hymn" as it was originally written?
What words in Chaucer's vocabulary suggest that he was a cosmopolitan writer?
In the absence of mass media, would dialect variation likely have been greater in the Middle Ages than today?
What kinds of accents are caricatured in such Middle English texts as The Canterbury Tales and The Second Shepherd's Play?
Can you cite any examples of "corruption" in the English you speak, write, read, and
hear?
What were John of Trevisa's principal beliefs regarding dialect and native language? Why was English so slow to be adopted as the official language of England after the Norman Conquest?
Did the rise of Chancery make English a more powerful language?
What are some of the reasons commonly given for the occurrence of the GVS?
How did the GVS contribute to the gap between writing and speech?
What are "inkhorn terms," and are they still popular today?
What is polysemy, and how did it enrich—or merely confuse the vocabulary of English? Give examples of how English grammar and syntax changed during the Early Modern English period.
Give other examples of how the language of contemporary ritual reflects the historical roots of English.
How was English spelling influenced by the work of Renaissance schoolmasters? Does English possess more "genius" than any other language?
How does Shakespeare's language reflect the evolving state of Early Modern English? Was the role of rhetoric in Renaissance education greater than it is today? Might Shakespeare be more accessible to some readers if the quarto texts were used? What features of value does the quarto text retain that are missing in the Folio version?
How does the vocabulary of various biblical translations into English change over time? In what ways is the King James Bible superior—or inferior—to the more recent Revised Standard Version?
In what ways does Samuel Johnson's Dictionary differ from previous lexicographies in English?
How does Johnson's Dictionary differ from most standard dictionaries today? How did Robert Lowth and Joseph Priestley fundamentally differ in their beliefs about language?
What is the role of propriety in the debate over English usage today? Define and give an example of polysemy and extension in lexis. How do dictionaries reflect a hierarchy of meaning, and is this a problem? What historical developments of the 19th century led to the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary?
According to Orwell, why are polysyllabic words more likely to deceive than short, simple ones? Do you agree?
What are the major regional dialects of American English, and where are they spoken? Do they exist as much today as they did 100 years ago?
Why did America possess greater standardization of dialect than Britain?
Was Noah Webster's Dictionary populist or nationalist—or both?
Is the "tall talk" of H. L. Mencken still in evidence today?
In what ways can the bedrock of Old English be seen in the Declaration of Independence? How does the Gettysburg Address recall the language of Shakespeare and the King James
Bible?
How does the slave narrative of Frederick Douglass echo some of the great texts written or translated into English?
How do Melville, Whitman, or Douglass use personification?
What would Samuel Johnson have said about American regionalisms?
How does the DARE compare in usefulness, in accuracy, and in historical literary overview to the OED?
How much do literary dialects accurately reproduce the sounds of regional speech?
Why have some people objected to teaching texts in the schools that use literary dialects?
What is the difference between a Creole and a pidgin, and does African-American English qualify as either?
In what ways has African-American English influenced the standard of Modern English? In what ways have colonial versions of English from around the world enriched Standard English?
Is the English of India primarily an imperialist legacy or an idiom of creative expression?
Has science influenced Modern English for better or worse—or neither?
What does the word hello tell us about the role of technology in language change and the issue of class distinctions?
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and can you think of any examples that support it?
What does the "house of consciousness" represent in Whorf s work, and what problems does it suggest?
From your knowledge of African-American English, how does Chomsky's theory of language explain its differences from modern "standard" English?
What, according to Chomsky, is the difference between "learning" language and "acquiring" it?
Explain how the encounter with the "other" informs our sense of linguistic self.
Does language reflect an absolute reality, or is it nothing more than a cultural construct?