Англ яз , юниты для машиностраителей

Unit 5

Read the text and do the exercises. Based on that discuss the topic:

Agriculture of Ukraine

Agriculture is an important branch of economy. Economic growth o f any country depends on the development of agriculture. Agriculture supplies people with food and clothing and industry with raw materials.

Ukraine has very favourable conditions for the development of agricultural production: fertile soils, warm climate, a well-developed processing industry.

Crop production and animal husbandry are highly developed branches of agriculture.

Crop production is the practice of growing and harvesting crops. Its principal areas are grain and industrial crops, grasses, fruit and vegetable raising.

The principal grain crop is winter wheat. Such cereals as maize, legumes, rye, oats,, barley, buckwheat, millet, rice are also cultivated in Ukraine.

The industrial crops are sugar beet, sunflower, flax. The leading position is occupied by sunflower. Close to 40 types of vegetable crops are grown in Ukraine: cabbage, potato tomato, cucumber, red beet, carrot, onion, garlic.

Different kinds offruit and berries are grown in Ukraine. They are apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, grapes, cherry, strawberry, raspberry, current, gooseberry and many others.

Animal husbandry is the second area of agriculture including the breeding o f farm animals and their use. It is divided into branches. The most widespread on<A is cattle breeding. Pig raising is another important area.

Sheepfarming ai)dpoultry industry are also practised. Farm birds are chicken, duck, goose, turkey. Fish farming, bee-keeping andfur animals farming are developed in Ukraine too. Carp is the most common fish. Fur animals include the silver and blue fox, mink and nutria.

Exercise 1. What words and word combinations should go in the other parts of the bubble network?

Exercise 2. What the general word do you think should go in the middle of the diagram?

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Exercise 3. What English words are these? Write them.

1.[ 'sioriol ]

2.[ 'feivorabl ]

ends on the	2*.	{	крккэтЬэ]
dustry with	4.	f	'ha:vist ]
fertile soils,	5.	[	po'teitau	J
	6.	i	lo ma:tou	|
	7.	|	medau ]
e grain and	8.	[	milit ]
	9.	|	paultri ]

its, barley,

10. [

'b/\kwi:t

Exercise 4. Match a line in A with a line in B. Write your answers in the boxes. There is an

tunflower.

example at the beginning ( О ).

amber, red

A

В

шп, peach,

0. vegetable

a. husbandry

1. sheep

b. materials

nimals and

2. cattle

c. keeping

3. animal

d. cultivation

I raising is

4. pig

e. crops

se, turkey.

5. plant

4» breeding

6. raw

g. raising

is the most

”. bee-

h. farming

0

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1 ,

! 2

;

3

! ' 4

!

5

J

6

j 7

tble

e

:

:

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i

------------------ -

Exercise 5. Which word is the odd one out in each of these groups?

1. a) pig-raising		b) bee-keeping	e) cattle-breeding d) sheep-farming
a) tomato		b) cucumber	с ) red beet		d) apple
a) rye		b) oats	c) onion		d) barley
a)dock		b)trout	c)carp		d) puffer
a) chicken		b) goose	c) trout		d)turkey
1	!	2	;	3..	.... X -...... - 4	5
	|	.....

Exercise 6. Match English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.

	pig raising	a. озима шпеииця
	fertile soils	b. BiBHCBo;tcTBO
	vegetable raising	c. зерн от культури
	winter wheat	d. розведення вели коVрогатоТ худоби
	favourable conditions	e. риоальство
	fish farming	f. свиноводство
8.	raw materials	g. родю чi грунти
	sheep farming	h. сприя гли ei умови
9	grain crops	i. вирощування oeoniB
	cattkle breeding	j. сиро вина

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Exercise 7. Match the verbs with the nouns they are most likely to be associated with.

1.	Verb	Noun
	practise	a. area
2.	cultivate	b. crops
3.	produce	c. soil
4.	grow	d. meat
5.	occupy	e. farming
	1	2	3	4	5

Exercise 8. Which item of agriculture do you think these people are talking about?

1.It is a branch of agriculture especially practised on private plots (to get honey).

2.It is farming aimed at fishing.

3.It is a branch of agriculture which goal is poultry raising.

4.It is the practice of growing and harvesting crops.

5.It is a branch of agriculture including the breeding of farm animals and their use.

Exercise 9. Complete the crossword “What is grown in Ukraine?" (картопля, nomidop, кавун, салат, груша, пшениця)

m e a d 0 w

Exercise 10. The verbs in the middle column have beenjumbled. Put them in the right

sentences.
1.	Half the cropping area		a. are grown	by cereals
2.	Livestock production		b. occupy	into branches
3.	Birds farmed		c. is occupied	chicken, duck, turkey
4.	About 40 types of vegetables crops		d. is divided	in Ukraine
5.	Potatoes		e. include	6 % of total area
	1	2	3	4	5

Exercise 11. Match the questions with the right answers.

1. Does Ukraine have favourable conditions for the		a. No, it isn’t.
	development of agriculture?
2.	The leading position among the industrial	b. Yes, it is.
	crops is occupied by flax, isn’t it?
3.	About ten types of vegetable crops are grown	c. No, they aren’t.
	in Ukraine, aren’t they?
4.	Do the birds farmed in Ukraine include chicken,	d. Yes, it does.
	goose, duck and turkey?
5.	Is bee-keeping spread through all zones?	e. Yes, they do.

Unit 6

Read the text and do the exercises. Based on that discuss the topic:

Ecology and Environmental Protection.

The Earth is our home. We must take care of it for ourselves and for the next generations. The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment inthe countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil we stand and walk on, the water we drink are all part of the environment.

All parts of the environment are closely related to one another. The study of the relationship among living things, and between living things and other parts of the environment, is called ecology.

Nowdays there are many environmental problems that endanger our lives. And people understand how important it is to solve them.

The most serious environmental problems facing humanity today are:

-pollution in its many forms (water, air, soil and nucleur pollution);

-greenhouse effect and increasing the global temperature;

-noise from cars, buses, planes;

-destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;

-shortage of natural resources (metal, different kinds of fuel);

-the growth of population.

If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That's why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.

Exercisel. Study the key notions of the topic.

Focus on the questions as you read.

1.What is environment? How does it influence our life?

2.Why should people care about their environment?

3.What is ecology?

4.What are the most serious environmental problems?

5.What is environmental protection?

6.Comment on the word-combination greenhouse effect..

.7.What are the most important natural resources?

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?

6

Emfrrise 2. What 3 words do you think should go in the middle of the diagram?

take care of nature for the next generations

to be healthily

E.' preserve natural resources	to prevent pollution
	to solve the basic environmental problems

tifrfitf f What English words are these? Write them.

I faetm3'sfb(r)]

I V N O tO j
?	fdjsne'reijn]
4	i	kvntrisaid)
5	[	tsmprit/s]
E.		f baebns]		0	'	J	r,
	'in		vabnent]	-	! i n i/ Л . i	' r . ' l ; i r . g r i L	j
#	idi		str.\kjn]
*. ‘		waildlaif]
Wt jri			so:sizj
fiw ritf 4. Which word is the odd one out? Choose the correct variant. Explain your choice.
* <water, soil. air. radiation.							,	a) ship
2" ecoiog}. biology, psychology, geology.								b) ring
3*relationship, partnership, ship, friendship.								c) imitation
4* population, generation, imitation, nation.								d) cruel
5» nvreasinti. sirowimt. damauinu. rinu.								e) radiation
cruel. fuel. ore. gas.								f) psychology.
						3	>	4	!	5	6
						___ .	1. .... .... ..............i....... ...... ..... .....				i
							j		1
E m rtse 5. Match the parts of the following word combinations:
I		xr				a) effect
2. bm g						b) weapon
~		tv>isonous				с) warming
						d) protection
5	tkrrr.perature				^	e) problems
Et вшгг.лп						f) things
~	ssiiural					g) pollution
S. nuc.ea:						h)resources
•. greenhouse						i) activities'
\ Г».		_. -rui				j) destruction
I!		е-л ironmental				k) chemicals
12		tT.rvrtan*				1) rise-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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Exercise 6. Form the nounfrom the verb. Use the text of the topic:

1.to pollute-...

2.to increase-...

3.to destroy-...

4.to shorten

5.to grow-...

6.to begin

7.to think -...

Exercise 7. Decide if these statements are true(T) orfalse (F).

1 .People mustn’t take care of the environment. 2.The word ‘environment’ means what is around us.

3.A11 parts of the environment are related to one another. 4.Pollution has only one form.

5.Wildlife destruction is one of the most serious problems.

6.Greenhouse effect endangers only European continent.
1	2	3	5	6

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Unit 7

f the text and do the exercises. Based on that discuss the topic: International relations of Ukraine

Ukraine is situated in geographical center of Europe. This convenient position and high

economic potential ensure Ukraine a distinguished place in cooperation with			foreign countries.
H r mg achieved its independence. Ukraine has been recognized by more then			140 countries and
fcii diplomatic relations were established: embassies, consulates and agencies were opened.
In economics Ukraine collaborates with many countries. Ukraine makes direct contacts and
ж со agreements and treaties. Different fields of national	economy are included in Ukrainian
tOfcx>eration with foreign countries: heavy industry, iron	and steel	industry,		ship-building,
ruiture and others.
The scientific cooperation is also very important.	Ukrainian	scientists		have extensive

icts with specialists from other countries at international level. They take part in numerous mces. symposia and seminars. Such contacts are of mutual interests. We have joint projects

Dr space exploration with the USA and Canada. Carr-ra! exchanges are very intensive too.

-Ifaame pursues peaceful policy. Ukraine maintains friendly relations with all countries of the •ervd. Ukraine is a member of many international organisations.- one of the founders of UN. Ikiaine is a member of the International Monetary Fund. International Bank of Reconstruction and Development. International Finance Corporation. International Association of Development and IMniateral Agency on Investment Guaranties, the European Bank of reconstruction and ^everopment. Conference on Problems of Security and Cooperation in Europe, the North Atlantic Oencii of Cooperation, and others.

	j. Match the words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
	consulates	а) агеншя
I	>>mposia	в) договори
~	to ensure	c) взаемний
-	agency	d )засновник
5 founder		e) консульства
о	multilateral	f) забезпечувати
	>pace	g) багатостороннш
$	ship-building	h) космос
v. treaties		i) симпоз1уми
‘...mutual		j ) судобудування

«J c

r

С	7 г
1

I

-I—

]

x(J

....

\ 0 s

7

7

ОС

9 j 10

j

2. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the topical vocabulary

I. Ukraine ... with the English-speaking countries in policy,		ajspace
■oraics. science, culture, education and sport.		b)collaborates
ТЪеге are ... of many countries in Ukraine.		c)fields
Ukraine ... not only with English-speaking countries hut with		d)embassies.
others from different continents of the world.		fjcooperates
ТЪеге are many ... of international cooperation.		gjestablishments.
Achieving great successes in science a country tries ... rockets.
English is taught in schools and many othey ... .	_______ _

Exercise 3. Put these words in order to make sentences.

1.More. than.Ukraine.been.recognized.has.by. 140countries. 2.Makes,agreements.Ukraine.and.contacts.direct.signs,treaties. 3.Conferences.in.scientists.Ukrainian,part.take.numerous.

4.Projects.space.for.we,joint,have.exploration.

5.Ukraine,founders, is.of.UN,member.one.of.the. 6.Too.exchanges.intensive.cultural.are.very.

Exercise 4. Match the parts of thefollowing word combinations:

1.	national	a) organisations
2.	diplomatic	b) policy
3.	investment	c) countries
4. international		d) position
5. peaceful		e) exploration
6. direct		f) economy
7. foreign		g) centre
8. economic		h) relation
9. convenient		i) contacts
10. space		j) guaranties
11. geographical		k) potential
12. joint		1) projects

1

Cl

iI

r^j

r”t

;!

5	I 6	Vl	8	9	10	11	12	I
	I	- ..|“...........					—i—•	- !
							i	!

Exercise 5. Revision translation. Translate into English.

1. Широка зв'язки ч р1зними краУнами дають можливкть УкраУнi стати розвиненою державою.

2.1поземнi посольства надають консультаип громадянам про умови вщ'Узду в шшу краУну.

3.Сшльш почптичш та екожжпчш проекти допомагають краУнам зблизитися.

4.Культурний обмш вщкривае людям можлив1сть гпзнати ceiT iHuioro народу.

5.Сшльш проекти в освт сприяють розвитку науки.

Exercise 6. Decide if these statements are true (T) orfalse(F).

1.Ukraine has been recognized by more than 40 countries. Г 2.Cultural exchanges are not very extensive. У

3.Ukraine pursues peaceful and neutral policy. TC

4.Ukraine has joint projects for space exploration with the USA and Canada.

5.The scientific cooperation is also very importa n	t ______________
1	4

Exercise 7. Work in small groups and using the ideas you have collected make a mind map of international cooperation problems.

1	economic instabilitv
poor living standards	\
political aspects

Unit 8

Ukraine, our home

Exercise 1. Match English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents. Write your answers in the boxes. There is one example (0) at the beginning.

0. include	a) сповнений пдносп
1. be engaged	b) мтцезнаходження
2. research	c) творения
3. important trend	d) вщзнаки, знаки розр1знення
4. mention	e) включати, мютити
5. ancient	f) бути зайнятим
6. creation	g) (наукове) дослшження
7. coats of arm	h) стародавнш
8. seat	i) важливий напрям
9. dignified	j) згадувати
10. insignia	к)герб
0	7	8	10

Exercise 2. Match the adjectives with the nouns they are most likely to be associated with.

0. navigable		Adjective		a) climate	Noun
1. treeless				b) agriculture
2.	gentle			c) river
3.	mild			d) plain
4.	intensive			e) summit
5.	fertile			f) slope
	0	1	2	3	4	5
	с

Exercise 3. The verbs in the middle column been jumbled. Put them in their right sentence. Write your answers in the boxes. There is one example (0) at the beginning.

0. Ukraine			a) consists	42nd place in the world as to its territory.
1. The Dnieper river			b) occupy	Ukraine into two parts,
2.	Ukraine		c) occupies	of a flat, fertile plain,
3.	Lowlands		d) gives	a considerable part of the country,
4.	The Crimean Mountains		e) divides	in three parallel ranges.
5.	The Danube		f) stretch	Ukraine access to European countries.
	0	1	2	3	4	5
	с