- •History of russian seafaring
- •Unit I How Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about how Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean
- •Unit II
- •The Azov campaigns of Peter the Great and the founding of
- •The Russian Navy,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the Azov campaign of Russia unit III The expedition of Bering and Chirikov,
- •Exercises
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents
- •VII. Grammar revision
- •VIII. Answer the questions
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Give English equivalents
- •XII. Translate into English
- •Unit IV The second Kamchatka expedition,
- •Exercises
- •I. Read and translate the information using the vocabulary
- •II. Translate the verbs, give the three forms
- •III. Give Russian equivalents
- •IV. Grammar revision
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Insert prepositions
- •VII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •VIII. Agree or disagree to the following statements
- •IX. Give English equivalents
- •X. Translate into English
- •Unit V Mikhail Lomonosov,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about a great Russian scientist or explorer unit VI Admiral Spiridov and the battle of Chesma,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms
- •IX. Grammar revision
- •X. Answer about the article
- •XI. Insert prepositions
- •XII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XIII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIV. Give English equivalents
- •XV. Tell your classmates about the victory of the Russian fleet in the battle of Chesma
- •Unit VII
- •The first voyage of Russian seamen round the world
- •(I. Krusenstern and y. Lisyansky),
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the first Russian round-the-world expedition unit VIII The first voyage of Russian seamen round the world,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the first voyage of Russian seamen round the world
- •Unit IX
- •The discovery of the Antarctic Continent
- •By f. F. Bellingshausen and m. P. Lazarev,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about the discovery of the Antarctic continent by Russian seafarers unit X Admiral Dmitry Senyavin,
- •Exercises
- •V. Give Russian equivalents
- •VI. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VII. Grammar revision
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about Dmitry Nikolayevich Senyavin unit XI Brig Mercury,
- •Principal dimensions of the ship:
- •Exercises
- •VII. Answer the questions
- •VIII. Insert prepositions and adverbs
- •IX. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •X. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XI. Give English equivalents
- •XII. Tell your classmates all you know about the feat of the brig’s crew unit XII the far eastern territories
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about the history of the Russian Far Eastern territories unit XIII Arctic Politics
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms
- •IX. Grammar revision
- •X. Answer about the article
- •XI. Insert prepositions
- •XII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XIII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIV. Give English equivalents
- •XVI. Tell your partner about the Arctic
XII. Translate into English
Пётр I решил отправить экспедицию к Тихому океану.
Первой задачей экспедиции было выяснить, соединяются Азия и Америка перешейком или нет.
Второй задачей было найти морские пути к Америке и Японии и начать торговать с ними.
Экспедиция отправилась в 1725 году под командованием Беринга и Чирикова.
Во время этой экспедиции погибло много людей.
Корабль Святой Гавриил отправился в Тихий океан.
В проливе Беринг открыл новый остров и назвал его остров Святого Лаврентия.
Чириков настаивал на продолжении экспедиции, пока они не встретят льдины Северного Ледовитого океана.
Unit IV The second Kamchatka expedition,
1732 – 1741
The first Kamchatka expedition seemed to confirm the opinion that Asia and America were separated bу а strait. But this was not yet fully proved, as Bering had turned back without either reaching the river Kolyma or seeing the coast of Alaska.
In 1732, it was decided to send а second expedition to the Pacific Ocean. This time two boats were to sail up to the coast of America and two others up to the coast of Japan.
At the same time it was decided to build new ships in Arkhangelsk, Tobolsk and Yakutsk. They were to sail to the Arctic Ocean in order to find out whether it was pos-sible to pass along its coast up to the strait separating Asia and America and enter the Pacific from the Arctic Ocean.
The second Kamchatka expedition, which included not only the party setting out from that peninsula, but likewise the parties exploring the northern coasts of the Arctic Ocean, went down in history as the Great Northern Expedition.
During the second expedition Petropavlovsk was founded. It was named after the ships Svyatoi Pyotr and Svyatoi Pavel, the first to enter the harbour of Petropavlovsk.
In June 1741, the Svyatoi Pyotr under the command of Bering and the Svyatoi Pavel under the command of Chirikov set out for the coast of America, captain Chirikov’s ship leading the way. The ships sailed in the north-east direction towards the coast of America, but soon they lost sight of each other in thick fog and continued their voyage independently.
On the 17th of July, 1741, captain Bering’s ship came in sight of а big snow-capped mountain; very soon а big range of mountains came in view. In three days the ship came to the coast and anchored at а small island now called Kayak. The big mountain, which Bering named St. Elias, has one of the highest peaks in North America.
The Russian Seamen were the first Europeans to set foot on that soil. Many of the brave explorers lost their lives during the voyage, still more on the way back. They either perished from hunger and disease or were killed by the Indians when touching at the coast of America for food and water. Because of food shortage they were compelled to stay for the winter on one of the islands. Неrе Bering died on the 8th of December, 1741. The island was named after the great explorer.
Meanwhile the ship under the command of Chirikov continued its way towards the coast of America. On the night of July 16th, his crew sighted а mountainous coast and sailed along it, touching at а small island. Chirilov sent two parties of men ashore for provisions, but they never returned. Chirikov decided that they had been captured and most probably killed by the Indians. It was impossible for the ship to approach the coast, and there was not а single boat left to send out for а supply of drinking water. The seamen suffered greatly from thirst and hunger, and there was nо alternative but to turn back. In October, Chirikov’s ship re-entered the Petropavlovsk harbour.
In the spring of 1746, Captain Chirikov returned to St. Petersburg. Two years later he died.
Bering and Chirikov opened the way into the Pacific Ocean for Russian seamen. They discovered the chain of Aleutian Islands and founded the first Russian settlement in Alaska.