Metodichka_-_Anglysky_yazyk

23.посредничать

24.собирать (деньги)

25.«выпрашивать, выуживать деньги у людей»

26.или ….или

27.поддерживать

28.получать

29.появляться

30.выпускать на рынок

31.выгода/прибыль

32.искать

Ex. 6 Match the words and word combinations (1-16) to their definitions (A-P).

1.capital

2.collateral

3.cash flow

4.investor

5.entrepreneur

6.business angel

7.bank

8.venture capital

9.venture

10.intermediary

11.donation

12.reward

13.rent

14.shareholder

15.cost

16.property rights

A.security pledged for the repayment of a loan

B.the money paid or required for acquiring, producing, or maintaining something

C.a new business activity that involves taking risks

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D.capital that is provided for a new commercial enterprise by individuals or organizations other than those who own the new enterprise

E.the act of giving something, especially money, to help a person or an organization

F.material wealth owned by an individual or business enterprise

G.the movement of money coming into a business as income and going out as wages, materials etc.

H.an investor in a business venture, esp. one in its early stages

I.the owner of one or more shares in a company

J.a person or organization that tries to help two other people or groups to agree with each other

K.someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks

L.the money that someone pays regularly to use a room, house etc that belongs to someone else

M.a business that keeps and lends money and provides other financial services

N.the rights of people and companies to own and use land, capital, etc. and to receive a profit from it

O.a person, organization, or country that puts money into something in order to make a profit or receive interest

P.something that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hard

Ex.7 Complete the sentences using the words (a-j).

a) investors	b)donation	c)collateral	d)business angel
e) property rights	f)cash flow	g)bank	h)venture capital
i) intermediary	j)rent

1.The fact that liquid assets are easy to sell does not always make them good ______________.

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2.The computer industry relied for much of its development on small start-ups backed by __________.

3.Developers say that these government decisions violate their

__________________ .

4.Knowledge of the identity of the _______________ would in all probability lead to the identity of the original source.

5.Managers should aim to progress relentlessly towards generating positive _____________ .

6.You currently owe the _________ almost one million dollars and your cash flow is negative and has been for months.

7.He would now like to bring in other investors, most likely from the _____________ community.

8.A recent survey showed that 35% of private ___________ felt auditors were not truly independent of the firms they audit.

9.The museum has received a $5 million _____________ from the Bradley Foundation.

10.Managing the property generally means collecting _________

and carrying out maintenance.

Ex. 8 Make derivatives of the words in the table. More than one answer is possible.

verb	noun	adjective
--------	entrepreneur	entrepreneurial
	entrepreneurship
finance
	initiative
attract
		different
	investor
require
	savings
mediate
	intermediary
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emerge
	donation
support
	production
	benefit
		specific
promote
		innovative
participate
--------	efficiency
access
provide

Ex. 9 Fill the table with linking words from the text. Add at least one linking word to each group.

relationship

marked by

contrast

time and sequence

reason (cause)

result (effect)

addition

Ex. 10 Combine the two sentences into one using so, consequently, because, since. More than one answer is possible.

1.Entrepreneurs face the lack of cash flows. They have to raise money from investors.

2.Entrepreneurs can’t access financial institutions such as banks. They don’t have good collateral.

3.Individuals deposit their money in banks, banks lend money to businesses. Individuals finance businesses indirectly.

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4.Entrepreneurs try to offer innovative projects. Crowdfunders are not just rent-seekers but they want to be involved in interesting and useful initiatives.

5.Crowdfunding means disclosing some information to the general public beforehand. Creative ideas can be stolen.

6.Several competitors emerged on the market. The company has to launch a new product to attract more customers.

7.We need a reliable intermediary in this deal. All our savings are at risk.

Listening

STRATEGY POINT

1.Use the pause between the instructions and listening to the recording to read each question and underline the most important words.

2.The speaker will probably say something about all three alternatives or something similar to them. Listen carefully to decide which is correct.

3.Remember that the speaker will not usually use the same words as in the questions. You must listen for the same idea expressed in different words.

4.If you find a question difficult, use the pause before listening the second time to read it again and think about what you have heard.

Ex. 11

You will hear a radio interview with George Johnson, Managing Director of Media-X, an organization which invests in internet companies. [28; p.139]

For each question, 23-30, mark one letter (A, B, C) for the correct answer.

You will hear the conversation twice.

You have 45 seconds to read through the questions.

Now listen, and mark A, B, C.

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1.(23) The name Media-X was chosen for the company because

A.it presented a serious image.

B.it was connected with technology.

C.it seemed easy to remember.

2.(24) George Johnson started to invest in internet

companies because the internet

A.already had considerable educational value.

B.was increasingly popular in Europe.

C.was becoming easier to use.

3.(25) What was George’s first job?

A.bank employee

B.economics lecturer

C.software programmer

4.(26) George’s father helps him by

A.advising him on investments.

B.providing him with suitable office space.

C.giving him financial support.

5.(27) Approximately how many companies in total does George help each year?

A.100

B.200

C.300

6.(28) When choosing between proposals, George first considers

A.the experience of the directors.

B.the need for the product or service.

C.the financial background of the company.

7.(29) Media-X helps companies by providing advice on

A.market research.

B.technical support.

C.pricing strategy.

8.(30) Which of these UK companies has expanded into

other countries?

A.NetTrade.com

B.TravelDeals.com

C.OrderFree.com

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Grammar

Past tenses

Past	1.	an action which happened at a definite time in
Simple		the past Last year the company earned more
(Indefinite)		than a billion dollars.
	2.	an action which happened immediately one after
		the other in the past		First they did market
		research, then they launched a new product line.
	3.	past habits or states which are now finished (you
		can also use used to)		Market opportunities
		were/used to be very different ten years ago.
Past	1.	an action which was in progress at a stated time
Continuous		in the past	At 11a.m. yesterday morning they
(Progressive)		were having a meeting.
	2.	an action which was in progress (longer action;
		Past Continuous) when another action interrupted
		it (shorter action; Past Simple)
		I was just leaving the office when the news came.
	3.	two or more simultaneous past actions
		He was talking on his mobile phone while he was
		looking through the report.
Past	1.	an action which happened before another past
Perfect		action or before a stated time in the past. She had
		typed ten business letters when she had a coffee
		break.
	2.	an action which finished in the past and whose
		result was visible in the past He was happy. He
		had employed a competent lawyer.
Past	1.	to put emphasis on the duration of an action
Perfect		which started and finished in the past before
Continuous		another past action or a stated time in the past,
		usually with since or for. She had been looking
		for a job for a year before she was short-listed.
	2.	an action which lasted for some time in the past
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and whose result was visible in the past He was tired. He had been working on the report all night.

Past Simple and Present Perfect

	Past Simple					Present Perfect
1.	an action which happened at			1.	an action which happened at
	a definite time in the past (the				an unstated time in the past
	time is known) He set up his				(the time is unknown)				He
	first business in 2001.				has set up several companies.
2.	an action which began and			2.	an action which began in the
	finished in the past John				past and continues up to the
	worked for the company for				present John has worked for
	20 years (he doesn’t work				the company for 20 years (he
	now).				is still working now).
3.	an action which happened in			3.	an action which happened in
	the past and cannot be				the past and may be repeated
	repeated When he was in				He	is	a	successful
	business he	won	several		businessman		he	has	won
	tenders.				several tenders.
4.	an action which happened			4.	an	action which		happened
	within a specific time period				within a specific time period
	which is over at the moment				which is not over at the
	of speaking I had two				moment of speaking I have
	meetings this morning (it is				had	two	meetings		this
	afternoon now).				morning (it is still morning).
5. about people		who	are no	5.	about life experiences He has
	longer alive				never had a job interview in
	Peter Drucker described five				his time.
	functions of a manager.
6.	in questions	When…? What		6.	in questions How long…?
	time…? How long ago…?				How long has he been
	When did he start working				working for the BBC?
	for the BBC?
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*In compound sentences They haven’t seen each other since they graduated from the university.

Present Perfect is in the main clause, Past Simple is in the subordinate clause of time after since.

* Use Present Perfect to give new information (a piece of news) but Past Simple to give details of new information. They have lowered their prices. (a piece of news)

They lowered them because of tough competition. (details)

Ex.12 Sort these time expressions into 3 categories:

1)used with Past Simple

2)used with Past Continuous

3)used with Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous.

yesterday, all morning/evening/day/night, three days/weeks ago, by the time, before, till/until, last night/day/ month/year/Monday, while, as, already, in 2002, just, for , since, how long, when, then

Ex.13 Choose the correct alternative (Past Simple or Present Perfect). Explain your choice.

1.I haven’ t seen/didn’t see much of our shareholders lately.

2.Who is the man over there acting as an intermediary? I have never seen/never saw him before.

3.I’ve done/did a lot of rash things in my career path.

4.She quitted/has quitted her job in a bank last week.

5.When have you talked/ did you talk to the business angel representative?

6.I have often wondered/ often wondered how entrepreneurs raise capital without any sound collateral.

7.How long ago have they managed/ did they manage to significantly increase the cash flow?

8.How long have you worked/did you work to increase the cash flow so significantly?

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9.While arriving at the final decision, investors have read/read a lot of financial statements of the portfolio company.

10.Sellaband.com emerged/has emerged in 2006. Several dotcoms of this kind emerged/have emerged since then.

Ex. 14 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous form. Explain your choice.

1.Reports are coming in that the government __________

(announce) an increase in unemployment rate. According to the statistics, it ___________ (provide) 5% more people with unemployment benefit than a year before.

2.It is the first time he ___________ (chair) the meeting of the Board of Directors.

3.It was the first time he _________ (chair) the meeting of the Board of Directors.

4.He just ________ (start) talking to venture capital firms about financing his expansion plans when the government _________

(impose) a strict embargo.

5.The company ____________ (support) his aggressive overseas expansion plans when the government ____________ (impose) a strict embargo.

6.They claimed that the local authorities strongly ___________

(promote) voluntary donation for the last two years.

7.How many rewards _____________ (investors obtain) in the July crowdfunding project?

8.He was tired but happy. They _________ (work) hard the whole month and _________ (raise) more money than the project

______________(require).

9.First he _____________ (initiate) negotiations for the pay increase, then he ____________ (mediate) a solution between the two sides rather successfully.

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