- •Сыктывкар 2009
- •The subject of biology
- •Learning activities
- •I. Group the words according to the root.
- •II. Choose Russian equivalents for English words.
- •III. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •IV. Find in the text synonyms for these words.
- •V. Choose in the right-hand column the correct definition for each term in the left-hand column.
- •VI. Define the tense of the predicate and put the sentences into interrogative and negative forms.
- •Is he studying Biology?
- •VIII. Arrange the items of this plan logically.
- •The stuff of life
- •Learning activities
- •X. Read and translate the text into Russian and then back into English, compare your version with the original:
- •XI. Read the text and reproduce it in Russian.
- •XII. Speak about protoplasm.
- •Animals and plants
- •Learning activities
- •V. Translate into English.
- •VI. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the underlined words.
- •VII. Group the words according to the type of building.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Answer the questions:
- •XI. Translate the text into Russian and then back into English, compare your version with the original.
- •General zoology.
- •Learning activities.
- •II. Find Russian equivalents for the English words and expressions. Arrange them in pairs.
- •III. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •IV. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •V. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences.
- •VII. Put in “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few”.
- •VIII. Give Russian equivalents to the following English phrases.
- •IX. Give short answers to the following questions.
- •X. Study these sentences with Participle I and II. Define the function of the Participle. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XI. Are these statements true or false?
- •XII. Make up a plan of the text in the form of special questions. Retell the text using your plan.
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •IX. Make up a plan of the text. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •IV. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •V. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VI. Paraphrase the following sentences. Remember that
- •Instead of we can say
- •VII. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •VIII. Check your comprehension.
- •IX. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Correcting mistakes.
- •I. What is missing? Find the missing adverbs in the reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Change the following statements to questions supplying short answers.
- •V. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •VI. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VII. For or since?
- •VIII. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences ( or questions).
- •IX. Form the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.
- •X. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •XI. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •XII. Check your comprehension.
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XV. Correcting mistakes.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. Change the following statements to questions supplying short answers.
- •IV. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •V. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •VIII. Using prepositions.
- •IX. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •X. Check your comprehension.
- •XI. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIII. Correcting mistakes.
- •I. What is missing? Find the missing adjectives in the reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Oral questions.
- •IV. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •V. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •VIII. Use 'no' / 'none' or 'not any'.
- •IX. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •X. Add 'it', 'them', ‘one', 'ones', 'some' or 'any' — or nothing.
- •XI. Check your comprehension.
- •XII. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIV. Correcting mistakes.
- •Learning activities
- •I. Group the words according to the root.
- •II. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms.
- •III. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary. Explain the use of articles in these sentences.
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Infinitive. Define the function of the Infinitive.
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Memorize the expressions from the text, use them in translating the Russian sentences into English.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
- •IX. Write a dictation.
- •X. Give the key words to the text. Give the summary.
- •I .Arrange, the words to form a sentence.
- •II. Answer these questions in short simple sentences. Your answers must follow each other so that all your sentences will form a complete paragraph. Your paragraph will be a precis of the piece.
- •III. Explain the meaning of the italicized words and phrases as they are used in the passage.
- •IV. Join the following sentences using the connecting words in brackets. Omit the words in italics.
- •VI. Study the form of the sentences.
- •VII. Explain the meaning of "since" in these sentences.
- •VIII. Write all kinds of questions (general, special, alternative, disjunctive) to the following sentences.
- •IX. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •A white-eyed fly
- •Learning activities
- •I. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •II. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •III. Pay attention to the combination/translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •V. Fill in the missing words. Compare your variants with those in the text.
- •VI. Analyse the constructions Complex Subject with the Infinitive and Complex Object with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into English, using words and expressions from the text.
- •VIII. Here are the answers. What are the questions?
- •IX. Write a dictation.
- •X. Give the key words (phrases) to the text. Give the summary.
- •XI. Translate without a dictionary. Guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. Give the main idea of each paragraph:
- •Improvement of plants
- •Learning activities
- •I. Form nouns from the verbs below, according to the model
- •II. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •III. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words, arrange in pairs
- •IV. What is the meaning of the following words (in the text)?
- •V. Read and translate the following sentences bearing in mind the various meanings of the words in bold type:
- •VII. Memorize the following phrases. Translate the sentences into English, using the phrases below.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Ask 10 special questions to the text in written form.
- •XI. Give the key words to the text. Give the summary.
- •XII. Translate the text without a dictionary:
- •XIII. Translate the text in writing with a dictionary paying attention to infinitive constructions (you are given 30 min.)
- •Food factors
- •Learning activities.
- •I. Read and translate the following attributive word combinations.
- •II. Arrange the following words in pairs of
- •III. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •IV. What parts of speech are the following words in the text?
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •VI. Write questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in brackets.
- •VII. Analyse the “-ing” and “-ed” forms in the sentences, state their functions.
- •VIII. Translate the following into Russian.
- •IX . Answer the questions:
- •X. Translate the sentences using words and expressions from the text.
- •XI. Translate the text without a dictionary. Guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words.
- •XII. Read the following passages and present their summary in Russian to your class-mates. Work in pairs.
- •Learning activities.
- •I. Give Russian equivalents to these words:
- •II. Use the words from Ex. I in the correct form to complete the sentences:
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word and combinations in the text:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with the emphatic construction It is (was) … who(that) …
- •VI. Write as many questions as possible to the following sentences.
- •VII. Read the sentences containing non-finite forms of the verb (Infinitive, Gerund, and Participle). Define their functions. Translate into Russian.
- •VIII. Study the following sentences. Define forms of the Subjunctive Mood. Translate into Russian.
- •IX. Answer the questions:
- •X. Write out the sentences expressing the main idea of the text. Give the title to the text.
- •Antarctica: the world park?
- •Iceberg-a source of fresh water
- •Cold? Britain Is Actually Getting Hotter
- •The day of the dinosaur
- •The microscope
- •The basis of life in the sea
- •Yosemite
- •America's Last Great Wilderness
- •Список литературы:
Сыктывкарский государственный университет
Кафедра иностранных языков естественно-научных специальностей
BIOLOGY
Пособие для обучения чтению научной литературы на английском языке
по специальности “Биология”.
Тексты и учебные задания для студентов
I -II курсов химико-биологического факультета
Сыктывкар 2009
Cоставитель: Беляева Е. А.
Рецензенты: Щеглова А.Н., старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков юридических и экономических специальностей; Комаровских Т.В., ассистент кафедры иностранных языков естественно-научных специальностей.
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов I-II курсов химико-биологического факультета по специальности «Биология». Оно включает тексты по различным областям биологии: общая биология, ботаника, зоология, молекулярная биология, генетика, экология, медицина. Работа составлена в соответствии с требованиями программы и имеет профессиональную направленность.
Пособие состоит из двух разделов. Первый раздел (Basic Texts) содержит 15 текстов для аудиторной работы, которые снабжены лексическими и грамматическими упражнениями. Активный словарь к каждому тексту отобран на основе общебиологической лексики. Упражнения направлены на усвоение специальной лексики, а также грамматики, необходимой как для чтения научной литературы, так и для устного общения. Кроме того, они предполагают постоянное повторение материала предыдущих текстов. В целом послетекстовые упражнения создают условия для развития навыков и умений чтения и устной речи.
Второй раздел пособия (Supplementary Texts) содержит тексты для домашнего чтения, для письменного перевода, для чтения и обсуждения в классе; а также материал об известных людях, проявивших себя в области биологии.
Все тексты, включенные в пособие, взяты из научных и научно-популярных изданий (журналов), учебников по биологии и медицине. Тексты оригинальные и приводятся без адаптации.
Цели пособия:
развитие у студентов навыков чтения и перевода оригинальной литературы по специальности;
накопление словарного запаса по специальности;
повторение и закрепление основных грамматических структур.
Пособие также имеет целью подготовить студентов к самостоятельной работе с оригинальной литературой и стимулировать дальнейшее развитие навыков устной речи по специальности.
Contents:
Стр.
I. BASIC TEXTS (Основные тексты):
Text 1. The Subject of Biology 5
Text 2. The Stuff of Life. 8
Text 3. Animals and Plants. 10
Text 4. General Zoology. 14
Text 5. Bacteria: the Workhorses of Biotechnology. 17
Text 6. Cloning: Duplicating Human Beings. 20
Text 7. Virus. 23
Text 8. Cells. 29
Text 9. Blood. 34
Text 10. Linnean System of Classification. 39
Text 11. Fog. 42
Text 12. A White-Eyed Fly. 45
Text 13. Improvement of Plants. 48
Text 14. Food Factors. 52
Text 15. 57
II. SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS (Дополнительные тексты):
Part 1. Texts for Home Reading. (Тексты для домашнего чтения) 60
Part 2. Texts for written translation. (Тексты для письменного перевода) 67
Part 3. Texts for reading and discussing. (Тексты для чтения и обсуждения) 73
Part 4. Great Biologists. 79
Список литературы. 83
TEXT 1.
Read and translate the following words:
Science, cell, vital process, digestion, heredity, physiology, nutrition, species, environment, moisture, descent, hygiene, knowledge, fibre, fuel, utilization, binominal, anatomy.