687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

#8 323674C &83AD2C43 AC C B DC43 AC C1 78B5 2C 3 D A7E389 3 8C CC 5 C BBD53D D53 B (2C.2.2):

•&83AD2C43 AC3 ()*!);

•5B8BAB B-B DC43 AC3 (%+*!).

"3236747 &83AD2B 71 CD C1 78B5 B F3 D58 3D 4323 276CB8C CC ('*!) C D CAB5 3 8C CC 5 C (!*!).

	A 26
)83AD2C43 AC	+ DC43 AC	)83AD2B 71 CD
)*!	%+*!	'*!	!*!
,7E389 3		-3 2B5B6 3
	D #3
			2.2

!C1 78, A7A C 67 3, B1 D E D9:

•5 858 B E;

•4 9C85A E.

"2C &DB, 3 232 5 3 C 6C A23D 3 42 5 B1 D 3236757D9 5 D383AB CA7 CB B 3DC 8CEB 5 5C63 3 232 5, 8CEB 5 5C63 6C A23D 9 26DB.

"2B 3 23BE27 B57 C (B BE 236 D7583 C) 67 5 5C6, D23E 3 68 323674C B 8C CC 5 C C B 5B8 FC, 5 3ABDB2 8 47, BE 72 C57D9 C C 2758 D9 B CEAC, 5B CA7 FC3 C-7 B 3 2C C 3236743, 7 573D 45F9E5 A8926. "2C 32B AB6C2B57 C 58 3D 236 D7583 C3 67 5 5C63 65BC4 C 5B8B5. % 75C C B DC BD 727 3D2B5 236 323674C C D23EB57 C A A743 D5 323674C 67 B1 D C B89 B57D9 27 8C4 3 3DB6 AB6C2B57 C.

989C C 9 – C C43 A7 2367, B ABDB2B 32367 D C B2 7 CB 3 C1 78, B2 C2 3 3 3 C789 C D3 C43 AC C 236 D57 C, BD B FC C A 8C 3 B BEB2 6B57 C (32367D4CAC, 2C3 CAC, C8CD38C C D. .). *C C 5 C 47 DB 27 7D2C57 D A7A B5BA B D9 C C43 AC 3 3 C D3 C43 AC 236 D5, C 3 FC BEFC3 8C 3 3 BB2 3 C, D2B D57 C BE 8 C57 C C B6 C D 3 236 27 2B D27 3 C. !C1 78, 32367573 5 8C CC 5 C, 7 573D 3982 8 6 (BD 8B57 8C C).

*C CC 5 C B B 27 ECD9 7 2 A87 7 ( . 2C.2.2):

•A7E389 3 (&83AD2C43 AC3 C 5B8BAB B-B DC43 AC3 8C CC 5 C);

•E3 2B5B6 3 (276CB8C CC).

81

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

$7 B B53 8C C 5 C D2B D A7 78 5 C.

A8A3 C 9 236 D758 3D BEB B5BA B D9 B6 B C8C 3 AB89AC 8C C 5 C C A7 78BBE27 F31B BEB2 6B57 C, BE3 34C57 FC 323674 67 3 6 5 7C B63 D5 FC C 7EB 3 D7 C 5 5C63 C C43 AC C1 78B5, BBD53D D5 FC DC 8C CC 5 C.

,7 78 5 C B 3D B DB D9 C 3 AB89AC B 836B57D389 8C C 5 C, BE27 B D75 B A7 78, 7 2C 32, A7A &DB BA7 7 B 7 2C.2.3: 3 6 7EB 3 D7 C .1 C .2 B2 C2B57 A7 78 5 C, 5A8 47 FC D383 B 3 ( *!) C 5B8BAB B-B DC43 A (%+*!) 8C CC 5 C. % DB 3 523, 5 B6 B 8C CC 5 C, A7A E 63D BA7 7 B C 3, B 3D E D9 B2 C2B57 B 3 AB89AB A7 78B5 5 C, BE3 34C57 FC B6 B523 3 323674 67 3 6 3 AB89AC C 727 C 7EB 3 DB5.

	*!	%+*!		*!
.1		/1	/2		.2

!B D75 B A7 78 5 C

2.3

2.1.2. D9E8A3F

"2C 3236743 C1 787 4323 3ABDB2 236 323674C (8C C 5 C, 3ABDB2B3 D2B D5B) 2BC B6CD C 3 3 C3 C1 787 (C83 C3 C8C B 87E83 C3), BE 8B583 B3 D3 C43 AC C C C C43 AC C 5B D57 C 236 323674C (2C.2.4.).

	!2367 323674C
PB	(*!, D2B D5B)
	PB

2.4

/ C83 C3 C B 87E83 C3 (BD B 3 C3 & 321C C8C BF B D3) 3ABDB2B C C43 AB 538C4C – 9 262 (7 2 3 C, DBA7, BF B DC, & 321CC B8 C D.6.) 5 &83AD2BD3 CA3, 276CBD3 CA3, &83AD2B 5 C C 7A DCA3 C 32 D 5 45"$562% (6-) – 8B172C C43 AC 36C C 7 C83 C (B 87E83 C):

d[6-] =10 lg PB ,

PB

163 PB C PB – 743 C BF B DC (& 321CC) BBD53D D53 B 5 B6 B1B C 5 B6 B1B C1 78B5.

+D B 3 C3 K = PB / PB 7 573D 45 9B928 56 2E2FA 9.

82

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

%38C4C 7 d , 5 27 3 7 5 63 CE387, 7 573D 45 9B928 56 7 93289C, 3 8C d > 0 , C 45 9B928 56 A 7 A89C, 3 8C d < 0 . $7 27ADCA3 BE 4 B 7A C 3236 AB& C C3 DB 7D 7 C B A7 D C B 23638 D 47 DB AB& C C3 D 7D 7 C A7A B8B CD389 538C4C.

!BBD53D D5C3 3 6 743 C3 AB& C C3 D7 7D 7 C (C83 C), 5 4C 83 B1B 5 63 CE387, C 743 C3 AB& C C3 D7 323674C C88 D2C2 3D 836 F3 D7E8C 3:

	d, 6-	1		2			3			5			10			13	16	17	20		25			30
	K	1,26		1,59			2,0			3,16			10			19,95	39,8	50,1	100	316,2				1000
	% 63 CE387 D7A 3 B 3D E D9 5 27 3 B BD B 3 C3 65
7 2 3 C U C8C DBAB5 I:
				6				3												6			3
				4UB				1												4		IB 1
	d [6-] =		20 lg4					1							C8C		d [6-] = 20 lg4							1.
						UB																IB
				5				2												5			2
	$7 2C 32, B 87E83 C3 d=10 6-/A B 7473D, 4DB B 87E83 C3
7 2 3 C			C8C		DBA7				7		27 DB CC						5 1	A	B187 B				275 3 C
10 = 20lg K E 63D 275 B K =														≈ 3,3 27 7.
												10

/6BE D5B 5 4C 83 C B 87E83 C (C83 C) 5 63 CE387 B DBCD 5 DB, 4DB 2C A7 A76 B 5A8 43 CC 3 AB89AC 47 DAB5 8C CC C8C D3 C43 AC D2B D5 743 C d A876 57 D (2C.2.5).

d1		d2

d=d1+d2 [6-]

2.5

$7 2C 32, 5 8 473 d=10 6-/A B 87E83 C3 7 27 DB CC 5 2 A E 63D 275 B 20 6-.

!C1 78, A7A C 67 3, B1 D E D9:

•5 &5& (2 26 ) – 5 5C63 3 232 5 B A CC 523 3 C (C 3 3 C3 DBA7, 7 2 3 C, &83AD2B 71 CD B1B B8 C 8 43 C);

•4 &5 (" '& ) – 5 5C63 C 89 B5 DBA7,

7 2 3 C, 53D7.

!C1 78, C B89 3 3 68 323674C 67, 6B8 E D9 D8E2A B E, DB 3 D9 3 DC C B2 7 C B 32367573 B BBEF3 CC. +435C6 B, 4DB B DB DBA, 3 C 3 FC 5B31B 743 C C 7 27583 C 323674C, 3 B 3D 8 CD9 323 B 4CAB C B2 7 CC. !C1 78 6B8 3 C 3D9 3ABDB2 3 C 3 FC3 727 3D2, ABDB2 3 7 2C B AB 3 B 5B8 D C63 DC C C2B57D9 32367573 3 67 3. % A743 D53 D7AB1B C B2 7DC5 B1B C1 787 47 DB C B89 D D7A 7 573 172 B C43 AC C1 78.

83

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

2.1.3.D 24

%2B D3 3 8 473 5 858 B 9 26 B 3D E D9 236 D7583 5

5C63 172 B C43 AB1B AB83E7 C (2C.2.6), B C 573 B1B C BC6B: y(t) = Asin(ωt +ϕ) = Acos(ωt +ϕ'),

163 – 7 8CD 67; ω – A2 1B57 47 DBD7: ω = 2π f (63 9 f – 8C 3 7 47 DBD7: f =1/T – 538C4C 7, BE27D 7 32CB6 T); ϕ,ϕ' – 74789 7 7 7,

2C43: ϕ'= ϕ − π . 2

y(t)

t

0

ϕ

2.6

!C BC6789 C1 78 3 3D 5 3E3 C B2 7 C 5 5C63 D23 727 3D2B5: 2E 6 AF4, 29ADA C 23, 2C43 DB4AC 23 C BE3 343 C 5 BAB AB2B DC 323674C 67 B B5 B 58 3D 47 DBD7 C1 787 – 43 5 3 47 DBD7, D3 EB89 3 AB2B D9 323674C 67. !2367 323674C 6B8 7 BE3 34C57D9 A743 D53 323 B C1 787 C C 789 B 5B B C C A7 3 C C 31B 727 3D2B5.

0 A C 523 3 C y(t) , B C 57 F7 3ABDB2 3 232 5 C1 78, 5 BEF3 8 473, B 3D E D9 2BC 5B89 B C C 3D9 523 3 3 C 3 3 C 8 EB AB2B DC – BD 7 3683 C 5 8BD9 6B E3 AB 34 B E D2 A74ABBE27 C 3 3 C. B167 C2BAC A87 32CB6C43 AC A C y(t) B 3D E D9 236 D7583 8 4DE F8 5:

∞		A0	∞
y(t) = 7Ai	cos(ωi t +ϕi ) =		+ 7Ai	cos(ωi t +ϕi ) ,
i =0		2 i =1
163 Ai – 7 8CD 67; ϕi – 74789 7				7 7; ωi –	A2 1B57 47 DBD7 i-
C BC6, 2C43 &DC C BC6 2B 32B57 D7AC BE27 B, 4DB:
ω0 <ω1 <1<ω∞ ,	ω0 = 2π f0 = 0 (T0 =1/ f0 = ∞)				C	ω∞ = 2π f ∞ = ∞
(T∞ =1/ f∞ = 0) .

7AC C1 78B5, BE8767 FC E3 AB 34 3AD2B, ABDB2 3 B632 7D C BC6 (172 B CAC) 47 DBD7 C 5 C D325783 BD f0 = 0 6B f∞ = ∞, 5 2C2B63 27ADC43 AC 3D. "23BE8767 F7 47 D9 & 321CC 23789 C1 78B5 B 236BDB43 7 5 B127 C43 B B8B 3 47 DBD. 7AC3 C1 78 C BDBE27 7 FC3 C A CC 7 57 D 262

84

				123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2
('! " # )	&2 (5					5 &		C B1 D E D9 236 D7583 5
5C63 AB 34 B C BC6789 C1 78B5:
n
y(t) = 7Ai		cos(ωi t +ϕi ) .
i=1					ω1 < ω2 < 1 < ωn ,					ω1 = 2π f1 > 0
" D9,	A7A		C	27 33,					2C4		C
ωn = 2π fn < ∞ .			B167: S = ( fn − f1 )				236 D758 3D BEB 24 E 9 8A3A
y(t), 163 fn – 532 127 C 7 47 DBD (532 47 DBD7); f1 –										C 127 C 7
47 DBD (C 47 DBD7).
#8 DB1B 4DBE 32367D9 D7AB C1 78 53 9C2!5, A7 78 5 C
6B8 3 C 3D9 D6D9F 8D F9C2 C2C B 3 3 33 S.
				2.1.4. 535 A 5 7 4A89C
535 5 E5 7 4A89C (A 5) A7 787 (8C CC) 5 C 7 573D
6C7 7 B 47 DBD, 5 236387 ABDB2B1B 7 8CD 6 B-47 DBD 7
727AD32C DCA7 (.12) A7 787 6B D7DB4 B 275 B 32 7 68 DB1B, 4DBE
BE3 34CD9 323674 C1 787 E3 F3 D53 B1B C A7 3 C.
"D6D92 8D F9C2 F 68 A7 787 (8C CC) 5 C B 23638 3D A7A
BE87 D9 47 DBD 5 BA23 D B DC f0, 5 ABDB2B 7 8CD 67 C1 787 (7 2 3 C3
C8C DBA) 3 9 73D 3 EB833 43 5							2 =1,41 27 (5 2 27 7 68 BF B DC)
B 275 3 C 7A C 789 743 C3 0, 4DB 2C 32 B BBD53D D5 3D
743 C -3 6- (2C.2.7):					F = fB − f .
	0
									-3 6-
0,5.0
				f		fB		f5	f	2.7
# 9C85A 5 9 26 (2C.2.8,7) 727AD32C D E3 AB 34
3AD2B 47 DBD C B1 D E D9 236 D7583 5 5C63 E3 AB 34 B
C BC6789 C1 78B5:
∞
y(t) = 7Ai		cos(ωi t +ϕi ) .
i=0
-3 AB 34 C2C C 33D D7A 3 3AD2 65BC4 B1B C1 787,
236 D758 F31B BEB B 836B57D389 B D9 43236 FC B 8BA "0" C
"1" (2C.2.8,E).
"2C 2B3ADC2B57 CC C D3 323674C 67, 5 47 D B DC, 2C
27 43D3 33 2B A B B BE B DC, 57 B 7D9 E2C9 E26 F$ % 8 F

85

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2
9 5CA82 29ADA 32367573 B1B C1 787,		3 75C C B BD 31B	D2 AD 2
(3 232 5, 6C A23D).
7)	t	E)	t
			2.8
#8 A743 D53 B 323674C C1 787 B A7 78 5 C 5B B B D9
31B 5B D7 B583 C (27 B 757 C) 5 DB4A3 2C 7 3BE B6C B, 4DBE
5 B8 8C 9 836 FC3 8B5C:

•D6D92 8D F9C2 (29ADA) F = fB − f A7 787 5 C 6B8 7 E D9 3 3 33 43 9 5CA8 29ADA C1 787 S = fn − f1 : F ≥ S ;

•D962 65 5 (32AF 2 5) 9 262 3 235 78B 3ABDB2B

B2B1B5B 538C4C, 3BE B6C B 68 31B AB223AD B1B 5B D7 B583 C (27 B 757 C) 5 DB4A3 2C3 7 C1 787 (2)5 5 2 6 !4 262);

• 48D!2 5 23 (4! AA58) 3 235 78B B2B1B5B 538C4C,

3BE B6C B 68 31B AB223AD B1B 5B D7 B583 C (27 B 757 C) 5 DB4A3 2C3 7 C1 787 (2)5 5 '23 262).

2.1.5. 5 73CB9C

"2C C B89 B57 CC C AB47 DBD A7E389 A7 78B5 5 C (7 2C 32 D383127), B8B 7 47 DBD ABDB2 74C 73D 2C 32 B BD 8, 6C A23D 3 C1 78 B B 3236757D9 5 C 3 D3 D53 B 5C63 – E3 B6 8 CC (5 325C4 B B8B 3 47 DBD) – 3EB89 B AB2B D9 50 –

200ECD/ .

%5 BAB AB2B D A7 787 5 C 23 AB B127 C43 B B8B B 2B A7 C 3236747 C1 78B5 B F3 D58 3D B 236 D5B B6 8 CC C

63 B6 8 CC B BF9 3 C789 D2B D5, 7 573 45

2

( 6 8 DB2-45

B6 8 DB2). $7 2C.2.9 BA7 7 B 2C 3 3 C3 B63 B5 68

23BE27 B57 C 6C A23D B1B C1 787, B D 7 F31B BD BAB 34 B1B

BEB2 6B57 C 67 (++#), 236 D758 F31B BEB, 7 2C 32,

AB 9 D32, 5

3 232 5 C1 78,

32367573 B 8C CC

5 C

(ED4F6), C BE27D B3 23BE27 B57 C3 3 232 5 B1B C1 787 5

6C A23D 7 2C B AB 3 (45ED4F6).

3+#43

3+#43

++#

3B6 8 DB2

3B6 8 DB2

++#

#3 B6 8 DB2

#3 B6 8 DB2

2.9

86

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

5F73CB9C (modulation) – 323 B C1 787 5 767 B8B 47 DBD D3 C 3 3 C 727 3D27 (7 8CD 6, 47 DBD, 7; 538C4C C8C 7 27583 C B DB B1B DBA7) 323 B 4CA7 C1 787, 7 573 B1B 59F 5, 5 BBD53D D5CC A C3, BDBE27 7 F3 32367573 3 67 3. #2 1C C 8B57 C ED4F6 – &DB C 3 3 C3 727AD32C DCA 59F 5 5 BBD53D D5CC C B2 7DC5 C1 78B.

!2 7"AC (carrier) – 7 78B1B5 5 BAB47 DBD C1 78, B6532173 B6 8 CC 5 BBD53D D5CC 3ABDB2 C B2 7DC5 C1 78B. $3 F7, A7A 275C8B, C 33D E5 % 5 DC232A56 32AF 2 9C2!5, 43 3 B6 8C2B57 C B2 7DC5 C1 78.

2.2. FB2A7 259EB

D9 26A C 9 – B5BA B D9 236 323674C (A7 787 5 C), DCD 5 D D D D8F4DB2 (D32 C 789 B3 D2B D5B) C DB4 CA7 C B8 47D38 67 (BBEF3 C), 727AD32C F7 B 236383 C B BE7 C 23BE27 B57 C 32367573 B1B BBEF3 C 5 C1 78 C 5B D7 B583 C BBEF3 C B 2C DB C1 78.

!C D3 7 5 C 5 BEF3 8 473 5A8 473D 5 3E (2C.2.10):

•C DB4 CA BBEF3 C (5!);

•32367 F33 D2B D5B ("/), 5A8 47 F33 5 3E:

1 23BE27 B57D389 BBEF3 C 5 325C4 C1 78 ("!"!), 2378C FC AB6C2B57 C3;

132367D4CA ("), 23BE27 FC 325C4 C1 78 5 8C 3 C1 78 68 323674C B 8C CC 5 C (B6 8 C);

•2C3 B3 D2B D5B ("2/), 5A8 47 F33 5 3E:

12C3 CA ("2), 23BE27 FC 8C 3 C1 78, B D 7 FC C 8C CC 5 C, 5 325C4 C1 78 (63 B6 8 C);

123BE27 B57D389 325C4 B1B C1 787 5 BBEF3 C3 (""!!), 2378C FC 63AB6C2B57 C3;

•B8 47D389 BBEF3 C ("!).

				,7 78 5 C
		"/					"2/
	5!	"!"!	"	*C C		"2	""!!	"!
				5 C
	!BBEF3 C3 "325C4 *C 3				*C 3 "325C4 !BBEF3 C3
		C1 78		C1 78	C1 78		C1 78
				6,
				B 3 C				2.10
								87

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

$7 8C C 5 C 5B 63 D5 D 5 D23 C3 C 5 3 C3 B 3 C, C A7 7 FC3 32367573 3 C1 78. ! B BE B D9 C D3 2BDC5B DB D9 5236 B 5B 63 D5C B 3 7 573D 562 57 5 9 5 #.

*C C 5 C B 3D B632 7D9 C8CD38C C 2313 327DB2. 6 56*, BE 4 B C B89 3 5 2 26D DB C D3 7 5 C, 2B DB C8C573D C1 78 5 3 D3 B 3 7 C C 32367 D 6789 3. 15 5 5&2 &

(«323 2C CA»), C B89 3 5 8DB C D3 7 5 C, 5B D7 758C573D C1 78 E3 B 3 C 7 B5B B2 C2 3D 8C 3 C1 78.

,B A23D 7 D2 AD 27 C D3 5 C 75C CD BD 5C67 32367573 67. #8 323674C 6C A23D 67, 236 D7583 5 65BC4 B 5C63, C B89 D 4BD 5 9 9A5E 9B 3 A7A 3 232 5 C (7 78B1B5 C), D7A C 6C A23D C (C 2B5 C) A7 787 C 5 C.

2.2.1. D9 26F C 9 8A 5 85 2 82 2 F 85E5 4A8A3A

,7 B C43 A7 3 7 C D3 5 C 7 B B53 5 858 B D D (2 26D DBD D) C2 262 9B 3 68 323674C 65BC4 C1 78B5, 236 D7583 7 7 2C.2.11, B632 CD:

•C DB4 CA 65BC4 C1 78B5 (5#!);

•B6 8 DB2 (3);

•C89D2 (0);

•63 B6 8 DB2 (#3);

•2C CA 65BC4 C1 78B5 ("#!).

	#!	$!	$!	#!
			*!
5#!	3	0	0	#3	"#!
		$3 232 5 A7 78 5 C
#!			– 6C A23D (65BC4) C1 78
$!			– 3 232 5 C1 78		2.11
+ 6* & 5 B8 D A CC AB223ADC2 FC D2B D5,
BE3 34C57 D23E 3 3 6C 7 C43 AC3 C8C 47 DBD 3 5B D57
32367573 B1B C1 787:

•8 58542 5 – 23BE27 B57 C3 C1 787, 32367573 B1B 5 *!, D7AC BE27 B, 4DBE B BE87678 B 236383 C 5B D57 C;

•8 8 5E5 – 5 6383 C3 B83 B1B C1 787 7 B 3 B 3. "2C 32B 3 232 5 B A7 787 5 C B 3D 8 CD9 D383 B

A7 78, 7 573 C2 26DE AD 26 D 29ADA ( 1), B8B B 2B A7 C 3100 7. !D2B1B3 B127 C43 C3 B8B 2B A7 C A7 787 1 5 7 B C B89 B57 C3 7 727D 2 8BD 3 C C AB D7 CC A7 78B5 5 D383 B 3D C 2378C 3D B BF9 C89D2B5, BD 3A7 FC 47 DBD 3 33 f =300 7 C EB833 f5=3400 7.

88

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

2.2.2. D9 26F C 9 8A 5 85 2 9 4 2 85E5 4A8A3A

,7 B C43 A7 3 7 C D3 5 C 7 B B53 4 9C85A D D (8DBD D) C2 262 9B 3, 236 D7583 7 7 2C.2.12, B632 CD:

•D2B D5B B 2 3 C A7 78B 5 C (/!);

•D2B D5B 7FCD BD B CEBA (/8+);

•D2B D5B 23BE27 B57 C C1 78B5 (/"!).

*!

5#!/! /8 /"!/"! /8 /!"#!

#C A23D (C 2B5B) A7 78 5 C

2.12

2.2.3. 3A 9 94AB9C 4A8A35 C 9

,87 C CA7 C A7 78B5 5 C 236 D7583 7 7 2C.2.13.

E2 26 #3

$3 232 5 3 #C A23D 3

!C 83A 3 # 83A 3 "B8 6 83A 3

% 6383 3 %253 3 (3AB DC2 3 3) (AB DC2 3 3)

#5 DB434 3 3 B1BDB434 3

2.13

%75C C B DC BD DC 7 32367573 67 A7 78 5 C 638 D 7 82 E2E 8 2, 236 7 743 3 68 323674C 3 232 5 (7 78B1B5) C1 78B5, C F9 4E2 8 2, 236 7 743 3 68 323674C 6C A23D (C 2B5) C1 78B5.

%75C C B DC BD 7 27583 C 323674C 67 27 8C47 D A7 78

5 C:

•96 324 8 2, 5 ABDB2 67 3 32367 D DB89AB B D4 DE 2 82B65;

•F7 324 8 2, 236 D758 FC3 BEB 657 C 83A A7 787, 5 ABDB2 67 3 B1 D 3236757D9 B D4 ADA !5 EDE5 A B85E5 5 65 7 27583 C – 2 B C BE27D B;

89

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

• 537F7 324 8 2, 5 ABDB2 67 3 B1 D 3236757D9 DD 58&4 D 5 2 B C BE27D B 7 27583 CC.

,7 78 5 C B1 D E D9 5 3167 6B D 68 323674C 67 7 4 D B DB B F3 D5 F31B B36C 3 C 3 6 7EB 3 D7 C. 7AC3 A7 78 7 57 D F23288 69 C8C 8245667 9E726 69.

.89D32 7DC5B C 58 D 45667 9E726 2 C8C E36288 2 A7 78 5 C, 3236747 67 B ABDB2 5B B 7 DB89AB B 83 D7 B583 C B36C 3 C 3 6 7EB 3 D7 C, 2C4 A7 78 F3 D5 3D DB89AB 5 D343 C3 523 3 C 323674C 67 (37 7 5 C).

$7 5 2 8 A7 78 5 C D2BCD B 2C C «DB4A7-DB4A7», DB 3 D9 5 573D DB89AB 65 7EB 3 DB5. 85 5 5 2 8 A7 78 5 C D2BCD B 2C C «DB4A7-B1BDB4A7» C BE3 34C573D 323674 67 BD B6 B1B 7EB 3 D7 A 3 AB89AC 7EB 3 D7, 7 2C 32 D7A, A7A &DB 2BC B6CD 2C AB 323 5 C.

2.2.4.A A4 2 9 949 4A8A35 C 9

%A743 D53 B B5 282CA58 9A C C2 26DB 9B 3 C B89 D 836 FC3 538C4C.

1.D45E5 65F73CB99 [EB6] – 4C 8B C D32578B5 B6 8 CC

32367573 B1B C1 787 5 3A 6 (4C 8B 323A8 43 C, 6387 7 3A 6); 538C4C 7, BE27D 7 36C C4 B C D32578: B =1/ T .

2.E5 7 48AC 5 5%85 4A8A3A C 9 [ECD/ C8C bps – bits per second] – 85456 2 9CD8D9A 323674C 67 – AB8C43 D5B 67,

ABDB2B3 B 3D E D9 32367 B B A7 78 5 C 7 36C C 523 3 C. "236389 7 2B A 7 B BE B D9 5 &5& (2 26)

E7 75C CD BD D6D9 8D F9C2 F = f5 − f C SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) – BD B 3 C BF B DC C1 787 P A BF B DC 7 (B 3) P C B 3D E D9 27 4CD7 7 B B2 83 63 B 7:

C = F log2 (1 + Pc ).

P

,7A 836 3D C B2 8 63 B 7, 2B A 7 B BE B D9 A7 787 5 C B 3D E D9 B5 3 7 7 4 D 538C43 C B8B 2B A7 C F C8C 538C43 C BD B 3 C C1 78/ , 2C4 EB833 & 3ADC5 58 3D 325 B BE, B AB89A 8B172C C43 A7 75C C B D9 2B A B B BE B DC 7 BD BD B 3 C Pc / P% 63873D 5DB2B B BE 3 33 & 3ADC5 C EB833 D2 6B AC.

"2C 3236743 67 B D383 B B A7 78 B8B B 2B A7 C F=3,1 A7 (f =0,3 A7; fB=3,4 A7) C B89 B57 C3 ED45EDB B B5 B B BE B5 3 C 2B A B B BE B DC B DBCD 5 538C43 CC BD B 3 C C1 78/ . ! 4 DB DB1B, 4DB 7A C 789 B3 743 C3 SNR 5 7 78B1B5B D383 B B A7 783 B D758 3D 2C 32 B 3000, B8 4C 236389 2B A B BE B D9 ! BAB8B 34 AECD/ , 4DB B187 3D B D7 672D 743 C3 33600 ECD/ . -B833 5 BAC3 AB2B DC 323674C B1 D E D9 BE3 343 DB89AB 2C 8B5CC 323674C 67 B

90