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Файл:экза мен / экзамен / 8 Вадасховишчы / 8.7. Заглейванне вадасховішчаў
.txt яю8 . 7 . 03;5920==5 2040AE>2VHG0^
03;5920==5 2040AE>2VHG0^ 7 O^;O5FF0 2K=V:0< 04:;040==O =0=>A0^, O:VO ?@K=>AOFF0 30;>^=09 @0:>9 V 4@C3V<V C?040NGK<V ^ 2040AE>2VHG0 ?@KB>:0<V, 0 B0:A0<0 ?@04C:B0<V @07<K2C 15@03>^. 4:;04K @MHB:0^ @0A;V= V 0@30=V7<0^ 2040AE>2VHG0 <0NFL <5=LH05 7=0GM==5, 0A01;V20 C ?5@HKO 304K VE M:A?;C0B0FKV.
@0FMA 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ 402>;V ?@0FO3;K V 2K<O@05FF0 4;O 1C9=KE 2040AE>2VHG0^ A>B=O<V304>^. 0;KO 2040AE>2VHGK =0 3>@=KE @M:0E, O:VO 04@>7=V20NFF0 7=0G=K< F2Q@4K< AFQ:0< 703;5920NFF0 25;L<V ECB:0, 70 =5:0;L:V 3>4. AFL 2K?04:V :0;V ?>^=05 703;5920==5 041K20;0AO 70 047V= 420 304K. @K:;040< ECB:030 703;5920==O 7 O^;O5FF0 $0@E04A:05 2040AE>2VHG0 =0 !K@40@ V, O:>5 1K;> ?>^=0AFN 70=5A5=0 70 1 3 1 5 304>^.
# 703;5920==V 2040AE>2VHG0^ 72KG09=0 C475;L=VG0NFL ?@0FMAK 70=OA5==O V 703;5920==O. 04 70=OA5==5< 72KG09=0 ?04@07C<O20NFL ?@0FMA 70?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 F2Q@4K<V @MGK20<V, O:VO =0:>?;V20NFF0 ^ 2K=V:C ?0ABC?;5==O C 2K3;O475 2;O:><KE V 702VA;KE =0=>A0^ V ?@04C:B0^ 01@07VV 15@03>^ V @07<K2C 0AB@02>^ V 2>4<5;O^. 04 703;5920==5< ?04@07C<5205FF0 04:;04 =0 4=5 2040AE>2VHG0 C 1>;LH09 ABC?5=V 0@30=VG=KE @MGK20^ 0^B0EB>==030 ?0E>460==O. ;5 3MBKO ?@0FMAK C ?@0FMA5 2K:0@KAB0==O 2040AE>2VHG0 V4CFL 040=0G0A>20 V 7 @>7=09 V=B5=AV^=0AFN. "0: ?@K 70?0^=5==V 2040AE>2VHG0^ 3C<V4=09 7>=K V ?5@HKO 304K 2K:0@KAB0==O ?5@020305 ?@0FMA 70=OA5==O 4=0. ?02O;VGM==5< C7@>ABC 2040AE>2VHG0^ CAQ 1>;LHCN @>;N V3@05 ?@0FMA 703;5920==O, HB> E0@0:BM@=0 4;O 2040Q<0^ ;OA=>9 7>=K. # 3>@=KE V ABM?02KE 2040AE>2VHG0E, C O:VO @M:V =OACFL 2O;V:CN :>;L:0AFL =0=>A0^ 1>;LHCN @>;N V3@05 ?@0FMA 70=OA5==O 4=0.
# 075@=KE V @MGKHG02KE 2040AE>2VHG0E @CE V 04:;04 =0=>A0^ 041K205FF0 ?0- @>7=0<C. # @MGKHG02KE 2KFO=CBKE C ?;0=5 2040AE>2VHG0E ?5@0E>4 ?04?>@0 40 72KG09=030 ^7@>^=O @0:V 041K205FF0 ?0ABC?>20 V ECB:0AFV FOGM==O 7<O=ONFF0 ?02>;L=0. # 2040AE>2VHG0E 075@=030 BK?C ^ 7>=5 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C 041K205FF0 :0=FM=B@020=05 04:;0==5 =0=>A0^ 1C9=KE D@0:FK9. $0@<V@C5FF0 :>=CA 2K=0AC, O:V ?@K<05 2K3;O4 4M;LB0^. 4@>1=KO =0=>AK 04:;040NFF0 =0 ?@0FO3C ^AO3> 2040AE>2VHG0 V G0AB:>20 2K=>AOFF0 ^ =V6=V 1 5D.
# 2040AE>2VHG0E @MGKHG02030 BK?C 04:;04K =0=>A0^ @07<5@:>^20NFF0 1>;LH- <5=H @>^=0 V ?@K<0NFL 2K3;O4 3@04K, O:0O ?0ABC?>20 @CE05FF0 04 2O@E>^ O^ 40 ?;0FV=K. 4:;040==5 V @CE =0=>A0^ 40 ?;0FV=K B> <0F=55, B> ?0A;01;O5FF0. # 3MBK< 2K?04:C 2O;V:CN @>;N 2K:>=205 @M6K< C7@>^=O. @K ?0=V6M==V ^7@>^=O 7>=0 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C =01;V605FF0 40 ?;0FV=K V 041K205FF0 @07<K^ ?025@E=V 04:;040^ V ?5@0<OHGM==5 @0=59HKE 04:;040^ 1;V6M9 40 ?;0FV=K. 0 <5@K 70?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 <O60 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C ?04K<05FF0 ^25@E ?0 FOGM==N, 475 7=>^ A:;040NFF0 A?@KO;L=KO ^<>2K 4;O 04:;0==O =0=>A0^.
!. . ;BC=V= ;VGK^, HB> ?@0FMA 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ <05 70BCE0NGK E0@0:B0@. MB0 7=0GKFL, HB> ?0 <5@K 04:;040==O =0=>A0^ 041K205FF0 ?02KHM==5 4=0 V ?0<O=LHM==5 3;K1V=L C 7>=5 :@K2>9 ?04?>@C. # AC2O7V 7 3MBK< <5AF0 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C @CE05FF0 ^25@E ?0 FOGM==N. # 2K=V:C =0EV; 2>4=09 ?025@E=V ?02O;VG205FF0, 0 3MB0 ?@K2>47VFL 40 ?02O;VGM==O ECB:0AF59 FOGM==O V B@0=7VBC =0=>A0^ ?@07 ?;0FV=C.
0:07GK:0< V=B5=AV^=0AFV 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ A;C60FL 04=>AV=K 01 Q<0 2040AE>2VHG0 ( V o ) 40 30402>30 AFQ:C @0G=KE =0=>A0^ ( W =) . 'K< <5=HKO 3MBKO AC04=>AV=K, BK< ECBGM9 041K205FF0 70=OA5==5 2040AE>2VHG0.
07<5@:020==5 4>==KE 04:;040^ ?0 2040AE>2VHGC 04@>7=V205FF0 =5@0^=0<5@=0AFN V 70;56KFL 04 HM@03C D0:B0@0^: @M;5DC 4=0, @07<K2C 15@03>^ =0 0A>1=KE 04@M7:0E, =0?@0<:C V ECB:0AFV 25B@02KE FOGM==O^ V V=H. MBKO 01AB02V=K =5 40720;ONFL 40A:0=0;0 2K7=0GKFL ?5@KO4 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^. "0<C ?@K1;V7=0 ?5@KO4 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ C 3040E <>6=0 2K7=0GKFL 04=>AV=0<V <Q@B2030 01 Q<C 2040AE>2VHG0 ( W C<>) 40 01 Q<C 30402>30 AFQ:C =0=>A0^ ( W =) , O:VO ?0ABC?0NFL C 2040AE>2VHG0:
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8 . 8 . 0@AB0==5 2040AE>2VHG0^
0;>^=K<V D0:B0@0<V, O:8O A04759=8G0NFL 70@0AB0==N 0:20B>@K8 2040AE>28HG0^ 7' O^;ONFF0 <5;:02>447V ( 3;K1V=V ?5@0206=0 40 2 <) , E0@0:B0@ 3@C=B>^ ( 3;59, ?OA>:, B>@D, 70B>?;5=KO 3;51K) , 3V4@04K=0<VG=KO D0:B0@K ( 25B@02>5 E20;O20==5, 2030==V C7@>^=O 204K, AF5:02KO V FK@:C;OFK9=KO FOGM==V) , O:VO 04@>7=V20NFF0 ?0 0:20B>@KV ( @KA. 8 . 9 . ) .
0 E0@0:B0@C V ABC?5=V 70@0AB0==O 2>4=K<V @0A;V=0<V 2040AE>2VHGK C<>^=0 <>6=0 ?047O;VAFL =0 A;01070@>AHKO ( ?@05:BK^=05 ?0:@KFF5 @0A;V=0<V 40 2 5 % ?;>HGK) , 70@0AB0NGKO ( 2 5 - 5 0 % ) , 4>1@0 70@>AHKO ( 5 0 - 7 5 % ) , ?>^=0AFN 70@>AHKO ( 72KH 7 5 % ) .
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KA. 8 . 9 . 103C;L=Q=0O AE5<0 70@0AB0==O ;>60 @0G=>30 2040AE>2VHG0
5=HK< 70@0AB0==5< 04@>7=V20NFF0 2040AE>2VHGK, O:VO 1K;V ?01C4020=K =0 1075 075@. !O@. M4=OO 3;K1V=O VE 20305FF0 04 3 40 7 <. @K VE 70?0^=5==V ?042O@30NFF0 04=>A=0 2C7:VO 075@=KO ?>9<K V ?5@H0O =04?>9<5==0O BM@0AK, O:VO V CB20@0NFL <5;:02>4=K @09>= =>2030 2040AE>2VHG0 075@=030 BK?C. !;010 70@0AB0NFL V AO@M4=VO ?0 25;VGK=V 2040A E>2VHGK @0G=>30 BK?C ( @KA. 8 . 1 0 ) .
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# 2040AE>2VHG0E @0G=>30 BK?C CAB>9;V2KO 1VOFM=>7K CAB0=>^;V20NFF0 ?@K1;V7=0 C AO@M47V=5 4@C3>30 475AOFV3>447O VE M:A?;C0B0FKV. 0@D0;03VG=KO 0A01;V20AFV 4=0 V 15@0302>9 ;V=VV ?0ABC?>205 ?02O;VGM==5 AO@M4=VE 3;K1V=O^ 04 2O@E>^5^ 2040AAAE>2VHG0^ 40 ?;0FV=K 2K7=0G0NFL @07=0AB09=KO M:0;03VG=KO C<>2K C 25@E=O9, AO@M4=O9 V =V6=O9 ( ?@K?;0FV==09) G0AB:0E 01C<>^;V20NFL @07<5@:020==5 ( ?@0AB>@02CN 4KD5@5=FKOFKN) 2>4=KE @0A;V=.
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KA. 8 . 1 0 . !E5<0 70@0AB0==O 0A;0^A:030 2040AE>2VHG0
0 AB04KV AB01V;V70FKV 2>4=KE 0A0FKOFK9 ?0 M:>;>0=0- D;0@KAVKG=K< 0A01;V20AFO<, 2V402><C A0AB02C V BK?0< ?0OA>^ @0A;V= C 2040AE>2VHG0E @0G=>30 BK?C 2K47O;ONFF0 B@K CG0AB:V 70@0AB0==O : D@03<5=B0@=030, 7<5H0=030 ( ?5@0E>4=K) V 0>^=030 70@0AB0==O.
#G0AB0: D@03<5=B0@=030 70@0AB0==O ( 3;O47V @KA. 8 . 9 . ) 709<05 ?@K?;0FV==CN 2>75@0?04>1=CN G0AB:C 2040AE>2VHG0, 475 =07V@0NFF0 =091>;LHKO 3;K1V=V V 25B@02>5 E20;O20==5 ?5@0H:0460NFL 70<0F020==N 2>4=KE @0A;V= =0 <5;:02>447OE. "CB D0@<V@C5FF0 05@020- @4MAB02K ?>OA @0A;V=. C7:CN ?0;0AC ( 1 3 <) CB20@0NFL ?025B@0=0- 2>4=KO @0A;V=K, ?5@0206=0 05@ 72KG09=K. = ?@K=>AVFF0 7 AB0@>30 @MGKHG0 @0:V ( @MGKHG0209 ;03GK=K) FV A0 AB0@KG=KE 075@ V ;53:0 70<0F>^205FF0 =0 C@M75. # ?0;>3VE ?5@0C2V;L30B=5==KE 15@03>^ 40 O3> 4010^;O5FF0 ?;NHG09, @04759 B@KA=53, 0A>1=K<V ?;O<0<V =0 ?OAG0=KE <5;:02>447OE @0AF5 :0<KH. # 2KA>:VE 01@07V5==KE 15@503>^ =0 3;K1V=V 40 1 < D0@<V@C5FF0 ?0;0A0 ?03@C60=KE C 204C 2>4=KE @0A;V= ( C0A=>^=K< 2V4K @475AB0^ V ;NFV: 6>AB:0;VAB=K =0 ?OAG0=KE 2>4<5;OE) . # =52O;V:VE 70;V20E @0ABCFL <0==V: 2>4=K, @03>7K, @475ABK. 52O;V:VO ?;O<K @475AB0^ ACAB@0:0NFF0 =0 2>4<5;OE 04:@KB09 G0AB:V CG0AB:0 V 20:>; 0AB@02>^.
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
V6M9 ?0 2040AE>2VHGC, 475 ?02KH05FF0 ?@0B>G=>AFL V 204001<5=, 7<O=ONFF0 V @0A;V==KO 0A0FKOFKV. # 3MBKE C<>20E @0ABCFL 1>;L BK?VG=KO 2>4=KO @0A;V=K 7 ?03@C60=K<V C 204C 2535B0BK^=K<V >@30=0<V V ?;020NGK< =0 ?025@E=V 204K ;VAF5<. # ?@K1O@M6=09 ?0;0A5, 475 ?5@02030NFL B0@DO=VABKO 3@C=BK, CB20@0NFF0 @0@0A;V F5;0@M70 7 ?;O<0<V @03>70^. !O@>6 ?03@C60=KE C 204C @0A;V= 40<V=V@CNFL @475ABK V @030;VA=V:.
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# 703;5920==V 2040AE>2VHG0^ 72KG09=0 C475;L=VG0NFL ?@0FMAK 70=OA5==O V 703;5920==O. 04 70=OA5==5< 72KG09=0 ?04@07C<O20NFL ?@0FMA 70?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 F2Q@4K<V @MGK20<V, O:VO =0:>?;V20NFF0 ^ 2K=V:C ?0ABC?;5==O C 2K3;O475 2;O:><KE V 702VA;KE =0=>A0^ V ?@04C:B0^ 01@07VV 15@03>^ V @07<K2C 0AB@02>^ V 2>4<5;O^. 04 703;5920==5< ?04@07C<5205FF0 04:;04 =0 4=5 2040AE>2VHG0 C 1>;LH09 ABC?5=V 0@30=VG=KE @MGK20^ 0^B0EB>==030 ?0E>460==O. ;5 3MBKO ?@0FMAK C ?@0FMA5 2K:0@KAB0==O 2040AE>2VHG0 V4CFL 040=0G0A>20 V 7 @>7=09 V=B5=AV^=0AFN. "0: ?@K 70?0^=5==V 2040AE>2VHG0^ 3C<V4=09 7>=K V ?5@HKO 304K 2K:0@KAB0==O ?5@020305 ?@0FMA 70=OA5==O 4=0. ?02O;VGM==5< C7@>ABC 2040AE>2VHG0^ CAQ 1>;LHCN @>;N V3@05 ?@0FMA 703;5920==O, HB> E0@0:BM@=0 4;O 2040Q<0^ ;OA=>9 7>=K. # 3>@=KE V ABM?02KE 2040AE>2VHG0E, C O:VO @M:V =OACFL 2O;V:CN :>;L:0AFL =0=>A0^ 1>;LHCN @>;N V3@05 ?@0FMA 70=OA5==O 4=0.
# 075@=KE V @MGKHG02KE 2040AE>2VHG0E @CE V 04:;04 =0=>A0^ 041K205FF0 ?0- @>7=0<C. # @MGKHG02KE 2KFO=CBKE C ?;0=5 2040AE>2VHG0E ?5@0E>4 ?04?>@0 40 72KG09=030 ^7@>^=O @0:V 041K205FF0 ?0ABC?>20 V ECB:0AFV FOGM==O 7<O=ONFF0 ?02>;L=0. # 2040AE>2VHG0E 075@=030 BK?C ^ 7>=5 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C 041K205FF0 :0=FM=B@020=05 04:;0==5 =0=>A0^ 1C9=KE D@0:FK9. $0@<V@C5FF0 :>=CA 2K=0AC, O:V ?@K<05 2K3;O4 4M;LB0^. 4@>1=KO =0=>AK 04:;040NFF0 =0 ?@0FO3C ^AO3> 2040AE>2VHG0 V G0AB:>20 2K=>AOFF0 ^ =V6=V 1 5D.
# 2040AE>2VHG0E @MGKHG02030 BK?C 04:;04K =0=>A0^ @07<5@:>^20NFF0 1>;LH- <5=H @>^=0 V ?@K<0NFL 2K3;O4 3@04K, O:0O ?0ABC?>20 @CE05FF0 04 2O@E>^ O^ 40 ?;0FV=K. 4:;040==5 V @CE =0=>A0^ 40 ?;0FV=K B> <0F=55, B> ?0A;01;O5FF0. # 3MBK< 2K?04:C 2O;V:CN @>;N 2K:>=205 @M6K< C7@>^=O. @K ?0=V6M==V ^7@>^=O 7>=0 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C =01;V605FF0 40 ?;0FV=K V 041K205FF0 @07<K^ ?025@E=V 04:;040^ V ?5@0<OHGM==5 @0=59HKE 04:;040^ 1;V6M9 40 ?;0FV=K. 0 <5@K 70?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 <O60 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C ?04K<05FF0 ^25@E ?0 FOGM==N, 475 7=>^ A:;040NFF0 A?@KO;L=KO ^<>2K 4;O 04:;0==O =0=>A0^.
!. . ;BC=V= ;VGK^, HB> ?@0FMA 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ <05 70BCE0NGK E0@0:B0@. MB0 7=0GKFL, HB> ?0 <5@K 04:;040==O =0=>A0^ 041K205FF0 ?02KHM==5 4=0 V ?0<O=LHM==5 3;K1V=L C 7>=5 :@K2>9 ?04?>@C. # AC2O7V 7 3MBK< <5AF0 2K:;V=L20==O ?04?>@C @CE05FF0 ^25@E ?0 FOGM==N. # 2K=V:C =0EV; 2>4=09 ?025@E=V ?02O;VG205FF0, 0 3MB0 ?@K2>47VFL 40 ?02O;VGM==O ECB:0AF59 FOGM==O V B@0=7VBC =0=>A0^ ?@07 ?;0FV=C.
0:07GK:0< V=B5=AV^=0AFV 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ A;C60FL 04=>AV=K 01 Q<0 2040AE>2VHG0 ( V o ) 40 30402>30 AFQ:C @0G=KE =0=>A0^ ( W =) . 'K< <5=HKO 3MBKO AC04=>AV=K, BK< ECBGM9 041K205FF0 70=OA5==5 2040AE>2VHG0.
07<5@:020==5 4>==KE 04:;040^ ?0 2040AE>2VHGC 04@>7=V205FF0 =5@0^=0<5@=0AFN V 70;56KFL 04 HM@03C D0:B0@0^: @M;5DC 4=0, @07<K2C 15@03>^ =0 0A>1=KE 04@M7:0E, =0?@0<:C V ECB:0AFV 25B@02KE FOGM==O^ V V=H. MBKO 01AB02V=K =5 40720;ONFL 40A:0=0;0 2K7=0GKFL ?5@KO4 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^. "0<C ?@K1;V7=0 ?5@KO4 703;5920==O 2040AE>2VHG0^ C 3040E <>6=0 2K7=0GKFL 04=>AV=0<V <Q@B2030 01 Q<C 2040AE>2VHG0 ( W C<>) 40 01 Q<C 30402>30 AFQ:C =0=>A0^ ( W =) , O:VO ?0ABC?0NFL C 2040AE>2VHG0:
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8 . 8 . 0@AB0==5 2040AE>2VHG0^
0;>^=K<V D0:B0@0<V, O:8O A04759=8G0NFL 70@0AB0==N 0:20B>@K8 2040AE>28HG0^ 7' O^;ONFF0 <5;:02>447V ( 3;K1V=V ?5@0206=0 40 2 <) , E0@0:B0@ 3@C=B>^ ( 3;59, ?OA>:, B>@D, 70B>?;5=KO 3;51K) , 3V4@04K=0<VG=KO D0:B0@K ( 25B@02>5 E20;O20==5, 2030==V C7@>^=O 204K, AF5:02KO V FK@:C;OFK9=KO FOGM==V) , O:VO 04@>7=V20NFF0 ?0 0:20B>@KV ( @KA. 8 . 9 . ) .
0 E0@0:B0@C V ABC?5=V 70@0AB0==O 2>4=K<V @0A;V=0<V 2040AE>2VHGK C<>^=0 <>6=0 ?047O;VAFL =0 A;01070@>AHKO ( ?@05:BK^=05 ?0:@KFF5 @0A;V=0<V 40 2 5 % ?;>HGK) , 70@0AB0NGKO ( 2 5 - 5 0 % ) , 4>1@0 70@>AHKO ( 5 0 - 7 5 % ) , ?>^=0AFN 70@>AHKO ( 72KH 7 5 % ) .
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5=HK< 70@0AB0==5< 04@>7=V20NFF0 2040AE>2VHGK, O:VO 1K;V ?01C4020=K =0 1075 075@. !O@. M4=OO 3;K1V=O VE 20305FF0 04 3 40 7 <. @K VE 70?0^=5==V ?042O@30NFF0 04=>A=0 2C7:VO 075@=KO ?>9<K V ?5@H0O =04?>9<5==0O BM@0AK, O:VO V CB20@0NFL <5;:02>4=K @09>= =>2030 2040AE>2VHG0 075@=030 BK?C. !;010 70@0AB0NFL V AO@M4=VO ?0 25;VGK=V 2040A E>2VHGK @0G=>30 BK?C ( @KA. 8 . 1 0 ) .
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# 2040AE>2VHG0E @0G=>30 BK?C CAB>9;V2KO 1VOFM=>7K CAB0=>^;V20NFF0 ?@K1;V7=0 C AO@M47V=5 4@C3>30 475AOFV3>447O VE M:A?;C0B0FKV. 0@D0;03VG=KO 0A01;V20AFV 4=0 V 15@0302>9 ;V=VV ?0ABC?>205 ?02O;VGM==5 AO@M4=VE 3;K1V=O^ 04 2O@E>^5^ 2040AAAE>2VHG0^ 40 ?;0FV=K 2K7=0G0NFL @07=0AB09=KO M:0;03VG=KO C<>2K C 25@E=O9, AO@M4=O9 V =V6=O9 ( ?@K?;0FV==09) G0AB:0E 01C<>^;V20NFL @07<5@:020==5 ( ?@0AB>@02CN 4KD5@5=FKOFKN) 2>4=KE @0A;V=.
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KA. 8 . 1 0 . !E5<0 70@0AB0==O 0A;0^A:030 2040AE>2VHG0
0 AB04KV AB01V;V70FKV 2>4=KE 0A0FKOFK9 ?0 M:>;>0=0- D;0@KAVKG=K< 0A01;V20AFO<, 2V402><C A0AB02C V BK?0< ?0OA>^ @0A;V= C 2040AE>2VHG0E @0G=>30 BK?C 2K47O;ONFF0 B@K CG0AB:V 70@0AB0==O : D@03<5=B0@=030, 7<5H0=030 ( ?5@0E>4=K) V 0>^=030 70@0AB0==O.
#G0AB0: D@03<5=B0@=030 70@0AB0==O ( 3;O47V @KA. 8 . 9 . ) 709<05 ?@K?;0FV==CN 2>75@0?04>1=CN G0AB:C 2040AE>2VHG0, 475 =07V@0NFF0 =091>;LHKO 3;K1V=V V 25B@02>5 E20;O20==5 ?5@0H:0460NFL 70<0F020==N 2>4=KE @0A;V= =0 <5;:02>447OE. "CB D0@<V@C5FF0 05@020- @4MAB02K ?>OA @0A;V=. C7:CN ?0;0AC ( 1 3 <) CB20@0NFL ?025B@0=0- 2>4=KO @0A;V=K, ?5@0206=0 05@ 72KG09=K. = ?@K=>AVFF0 7 AB0@>30 @MGKHG0 @0:V ( @MGKHG0209 ;03GK=K) FV A0 AB0@KG=KE 075@ V ;53:0 70<0F>^205FF0 =0 C@M75. # ?0;>3VE ?5@0C2V;L30B=5==KE 15@03>^ 40 O3> 4010^;O5FF0 ?;NHG09, @04759 B@KA=53, 0A>1=K<V ?;O<0<V =0 ?OAG0=KE <5;:02>447OE @0AF5 :0<KH. # 2KA>:VE 01@07V5==KE 15@503>^ =0 3;K1V=V 40 1 < D0@<V@C5FF0 ?0;0A0 ?03@C60=KE C 204C 2>4=KE @0A;V= ( C0A=>^=K< 2V4K @475AB0^ V ;NFV: 6>AB:0;VAB=K =0 ?OAG0=KE 2>4<5;OE) . # =52O;V:VE 70;V20E @0ABCFL <0==V: 2>4=K, @03>7K, @475ABK. 52O;V:VO ?;O<K @475AB0^ ACAB@0:0NFF0 =0 2>4<5;OE 04:@KB09 G0AB:V CG0AB:0 V 20:>; 0AB@02>^.
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
V6M9 ?0 2040AE>2VHGC, 475 ?02KH05FF0 ?@0B>G=>AFL V 204001<5=, 7<O=ONFF0 V @0A;V==KO 0A0FKOFKV. # 3MBKE C<>20E @0ABCFL 1>;L BK?VG=KO 2>4=KO @0A;V=K 7 ?03@C60=K<V C 204C 2535B0BK^=K<V >@30=0<V V ?;020NGK< =0 ?025@E=V 204K ;VAF5<. # ?@K1O@M6=09 ?0;0A5, 475 ?5@02030NFL B0@DO=VABKO 3@C=BK, CB20@0NFF0 @0@0A;V F5;0@M70 7 ?;O<0<V @03>70^. !O@>6 ?03@C60=KE C 204C @0A;V= 40<V=V@CNFL @475ABK V @030;VA=V:.
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