Добавил:
Karsky
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:экза мен / экзамен / 8 Вадасховишчы / 8.3 Праектныя і назіраемыя гідралагічныя характарыстыкі вадасховішчаў
.txt яю8 . 3 @05:B=KO V =07V@05<KO 3V4@0;03VG=KO E0@0:B0@KABK:V 2040AE>2VHG0^
0;>^=0O <MB0 1C40^=VFB20 2040AE>2VHG0^ @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 204K, O:>5 2K:>=205FF0 C V=B0@MA0E M=M@35BK:V, V@K30FKV, 2>4=030 B@0=A?0@BC, 2>40701OA?OGM==O, @M:@M0FKV, 7 <MB09 10@0FL1K 7 =0204=5=O<V, V V=H. ;O 3MB030 ^ 2040AE>2VHG0E =0:>?;V205FF0 C 047V= ?5@KO4 V 2K:0@KAB>^205FF0 ^ 4@C3V. 5@KO4 =0:0>^;V20==O 204K ?025@E=52030 AFQ:C =07K205FF =0?0^=5==5< 2040AE>2VHG0, 0 ?5@KO4 0440GK 204K A?@0F>^:09. 5@KO4 =0?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 041K205FF0 =0 <0;KE @M:0E 70 1 - 3 304K, =0 2O;V:VE 70 1 0 1 5 304>^.
0?0^=5==5 2040AE>2VHG0^ 70^AQ4K 041K205FF0 40 =5:0B>@KE 1>;LH <5=H 2K7=0G0=KE ( E0@0:BM@=KE) C7@>^=O^ 204K. KHM9 ?;0FV=K, O:0O ?5@030@>46205 @0:C, C7=V:05 ?04?>@, ?02KHM==5 ^7@>^=N) =0 =5:0;L:V 47OAOB:0^, G0A0< V A>B=V <5B@0^. # 2K=V:C 2KHM9 ?;0FV=K ( 25@E=V 1 5D) V =V6M9 ?;0FV=K ( =V6=V 1 5D) @0:0 <O=O5 A2>9 3V4@0;03VG=K @M6K<, O:V 2K@0605FF0 C ?5@HCN G0@3C C 2030==OE C7@>^=O 204K. !O@>4 VE <>6=0 2K7=0GKFL =091>;LH E0@0:BM@=KO 7 VE: =0@<0;L=K ?04?>@=K ^7@>25=L ( #) V C7@>25=L <Q@B2030 01 Q<C ( # ) .
# =091>;LHK ?@05:B=K ^7@>25=L 2040AE>2VHG0 ( 25@E=O3O 1 5D0 ?;0FV=K) , O:V ?;0FV=0 <>60 ?4B@K<;V20FL ?@K =0@<0;L=KE C<>20E :0@KAB0==O 2040AE>2VHG0 =0 ?@0FO3C 402>;V 46>^3030 G0AC. 0 3MBK C7@>25=L @07;VG20NFF0 0<0;L CA5 3V4@0BME=VG=KO 71C4020==V 2040AE>2VHG0 V :>;L:0A=KO E0@0:B0@KABK:V. 0V<5=LHK ^7@>25=L 2040AE>0VHG0, 40 O:>30 <03GK<0 O3> A?@0F>^:0 ?@K M:A?;C0B0FKV, =07K205FF0 C7@>^=5< <Q@B2030 01 Q<C ( # ) .
1 Q< 204K, O:V 70:;NG0=K ?0<V6 # V # , =07K205FF0 :0@KA=K< 01 Q<0<. /3> <>6=0 2K:0@KAB>^20FL C @>7=KE 30A?040@GKE <MB0E V Q= 70?;0=020=K ?@05:B0< 2040AE>2VHG0. 1 Q< 204K =V6M9 # =07K205FF0 <Q@B2K< B0<C, HB> ?@K =0@<0;L=KE C<>20E M:A?;C0B0FKV 2040AE>2VHG0 O3> 2K:0@KAB0==5 =5 ?@04C3;5460=0. 5;L<V @M4:0 @07 C AB>, 0 B> V1>;59 304>^ <>6=0 =07V@0FL 25;L<V 2KA>:05 ?0^=02>4475V 04?0254=0 2KA>:V @0AE>4 204K. # AC2O7V 7 01<56020=09 ?@0?CA:=>9 74>;L=0AFN 3V4@02C7;0 <>60 ^7=V:=CFL 402>;V 2KA>:V ^7@>25=L 2040AE>2VHG0, O:V ?5@02KH05 # ( C7@>25=L @M4:09 ?0^B0@0;L=0AFV) , 0;5 O:V <>60 2KB@K<0FL 3V4@02C75; V ?;0FV=0, =0 O3> ?@05:B0< @07;VG0=0 B@K20;0AFL ?;0FV=K. "0:V ?04 Q< C7@>^=O 204K 2KHM9 # C G0A ?0^=02>447O V 2KA>:VE @0AE>40^ 204K @M4:09 ?0^B0@0;L=0AFV =07K205FF0 D0@AV@020==5< C7@>^=O 2040AE>2VHG0, 0 A0< C7@>25=L D0@AV@020=K< ?04?>@=K< ( $ #) . 1 Q<, O:V 7=0E>47VFF0 2KHM9 # 40 $ #, =07K205FF0 01 Q<0< D0@AV@020==O.
# 04?0254=0AFV 7 ?@05:B0< V =501E>4=0AFN C 20475 2040AE>2VHG0< 06KFFO^;O5FF0 HB>47Q==05 ( ACB0G=05) , HB>BK4=Q205 , 30402>5 ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) V H<0B30402>5 ( <=030;5B=55) @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C.
(B>47Q==05 @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 70:;NG05FF0 ^ ?5@0@07<5@:020==V =0 ?@0FO3C ACB0: @0AE>40^ 204K ^ =V6=V 1 5D. MBK 2V4 @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C G0AF59 70 CA1 06KFFO^;O5FF0 C <MB0E 3V4@0M=M@35BK:V ( 2040AE>2VHGK AV?>2VF:09, 'K3V@K=A:09 -!) . # =0G=KO G0AK 2040AE>2VHG0 =0?0^=O5FF0 204>9, -! ?@0FC5 =5 =0?>^=CN <03CB=0AFL, C 475=L -! 2K?@0F>^205 M;5:B@0M=M@3VN V V475 A?@0F>^:0 2040AE>2VHG0. 1 Q< V C7@>25=L 204K 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0=V605FF0.
@K BK4=Q2K< @M3C;O20==V 2K?CA: 204K 7 2040AE>2VHG0 <O=O5FF0 ?0 4=OE BK4=O. <MB09 0B@K<0==O V ?@02V;L=030 2K:0@KAB0==O 3V4@0M;5:B@0M=M@3VV C ?@0F>^=KO 4=V <5=H 204K ?@0?CA:05FF0 ?@07 BC@1V=K -! C 2KE04=KO V A2OB>G=KO 4=V. 0 <0;KE 2040AE>2VHG0E G0A0< 06KFFO^;O5FF0 A?0;CGM==5 HB>47Q==030 V BK4=Q2030 2V40^ @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C ( @KA. 8 . 2 ) .
KA. 8 . 2 . V4K @M3C;O20==O, O:VO 06KFFO^;ONFL 2040AE>2VHGK 5;0@CAV
@K 30402< @M3C;O20==V AFQ:C ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) 2040 =0:>?;V205FF0 ^ <=0302>4=CN ?0@C 3>40 ( 2OA=>9) V @0AE>4C5FF0 =0 30A?040@GKO ?0B@M1K C <0;02>4CN ( ;5B0<) . "0:0O AE5<0 @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C 01C<>^;5=0 =5@0^=0<5@=0AFN @07<5@:020==O AFQ:C ?0 ?>@0< 3>40 V A?06K20==5< 204K. MB0 =091>;LH @0A?0^AN460=K 2V4 @M3C;O20==O, E0@0:BM@=K 4;O 2040AE>2VHG0^ M=5@35BKG=030V V@K30FK9=030 ?@K7=0GM==O. ;O O3> 06KFFO^;5==O 1C4CNFF0 AO@M4=VO V 1C^=KO 2040AE>2VHGK, 74>;L=KO 0:C<C;O20FL 2>4K ?0^=02>447O V ?02>40:.
(<0B30402>5 ( <=030;5B=O5) @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 70:;NG05FF0 ^ ?5@0@07<5@:020==V @0G=>30 AFQ:C ?0<V6 3040<V 7 @>7=09 2>4=0AFN. MBK 2V4 06KFFO^;O5FF0 1C9=K<V 2040AE>2VHG0<V H;OE0< 0:C<C;OFKV AFQ:C ^ <=0302>4=KO V A?06K20==O O3>^ <0;02>4=KO V AO@M4=VO ?0 2>4=0AFV 304K.
=030;5B=O5 V 30402>5 @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C <>60 1KFL ?>^=K< V =O?>^=K< ( G0AB:>2K<) . @K ?>^=K< @M3C;O20=VV 2040AE>2VHG0<V 70B@K<;V205FF0 @07;V:>2K 01 Q< AFQ:C <=0302>4=KE 304>^, ?0^=02>447O^ V ?02>40: V V< ?@0:BKG=0 40AO305FF0 #. @K =O?>^=K< @M3C;O20=VV C 2040AE>2VHG0^ 70B@K<;V205FF0 B>;L:V G0AB:0 AFQ:C, 0 4@C30O ?@0?CA:05FF0 ^ =V6=V 1 5D. 073;5460=K E0@0:BM@=KO ^7@>^=V 204K 7 O^;ONFF0 ?@05:B=K< E0@0:B0@KABK:0<V.
;K1V=O A?@0F>^:V 2040AE>2VHG0 206=59HK ?0:07GK: 3V4@0;03VG=030 @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0, O:V 7=0G=0 ^?;K205 =0 C=CB@K2040Q<=KO ( ;V<=VG=KO) ?@0FMAK, ?0:>;L:V 0<?;VBC40 2030==O ^7@>^=O 204K C 2040AE>2VHG0E 7=0G=0 1>;LH0O, GK< C 07Q@0E. ;K1V=O A?@0F>^:V 2K7=0G05FF0 25;VGK=Q9 ?03V6M==O ^7@>^=O 2040 2040AE>2VHG0 70 =5:0B>@K G0A ( <) . 1 Q<, O:V 1K^ A?@0F020=K 70 3MBK G0A =07K205FF0 ?@K7<09 A?@0F>^:V ( !) .
O3;547OGK =0 0A01;V20AFV :>6=030 2V40 @M3C;O20==O <>6=0 2K7=0GKFL 03C;L=KO @KAK ^ 3V4@0;03VG=K< @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0^. MB0 B0: =07K205<KO =07V@05<KO E0@0:BM@=KO C7@>^=V. 091>;LHK C7@>25=L =07V@05FF0 C :0=FK ?0^=02>447O, :0;V 7025@HK;0AO 70?0^=5==5 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0A;O 7V<>209 A?@0F>^:V. MBK ^7@>25=L B@K<05FF0 =0 ?@0FO3C =5:0B>@030 G0AC, ?@0FO3;0AFL O:>30 70;56KFL 04 2V40 @M3C;O20==O V 2>4=0AFV 3>40. 0BK< =0:>?;5=0O 2040 A?06K205FF0 ^ 30A?040@GKE <MB0E, C 2K=V:C G03> 041K205FF0 ?0=V6M==5 ^7@>^=O. !?0F>^:0 2040AE>2VHG0 V475 72KG09=0 40 =5:0B>@KE =09<5=LHKE C7@>^=O^ 204K ^ ?@:0=FK 7V<K. =0@0AB0==5< ?@KB>:C 204K 7 204071>@0 70?0^=5==5 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0^B0@05FF0. 0 =07V@05<KE C7@>^=O9 204K 2040AE>2VHG0 04=>AVFF0 AO@M4=V ^7@>25=L 204 70 ?0@C 3>40, AO@M4=V 30402K, AO@M4=V 70 H<0B30402K ?5@KO4 V 3. 4.
030==V ^7@>^=O 204K 2040AE>2VHG0^, VE 7=0G=0O 0<?;VBC40 G0AB0 04<>^=0 ^?;K205 =0 =5@0AB @K1, 2K:0@KAB0==5 2040701>@0^, AC40E>4AB20, ?5@0H:04605 VE 70@0AB0==N, A?@KO5 01@07VV 15@03>^ V 2>4<5;O^, A04759=VG05 @07<K2C C<0F020==O^ 15@03>^ V 4@C3VE 3V4@0BME=VG=KE 71C4020==O^.
A01;V20AFV 3V4@0;03VG=030 @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0^ C @>7=KE G0AB:0E 0:20B>@K9 70;56KFL 04 VE <0@D0;03VG=KE, 3V4@03@0DVG=KE 0A01;V20AF59, =0O^=0AFV 3;K1>:02>4=KE V <5;:02>4=KE 7>=, 3V4@04K=0<VG=KE ?0:07GK:0^ ( 2030==O^ C7@>^=O 204K, 25B@02>30 E20;O20==O V V=H. ) . 0 0A01;V20AFO< 3V4@0;03VG=KE C<>^, O:VO C7=V:0NFL C @>7=KE G0AB:0E 0:20B>@K9, 2K47O;ONFF0 3V4@0;03VG=KO 7>=: =V6=OO ?@K?;0FV==0O ( 2>75@0?04>1=0O) , AO@M4=OO ( 07Q@=0- @0G=0O) , 25@E=OO ( @0G=0O) , 0 B0:A0<0 CG0AB0: 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C.
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
!O@M4=OO ( 07Q@=0- @0G=0O) 7>=0 3;K1>:02>4=0 B>;L:V ?@K 2KA>:VE C7@>^=OE 204K, 1;V7:VE 40 #. @K 7=0G=09 A?@0F>^FK 2040AE>2VHG0 70B>?;5=0O ?>^<0 @0:V =5 0ACH05FF0, 2040 =5 C20E>47VFL C 1K;>5 @MGKHG0. ;5 ?0^74>^6=KO FOGM==V <0F=59, GK< C 07Q@=09 G0ABFK, OHGM 7=0E>47OFF0 ?04 C?;K20< 25B@C. C9=KO =0=>AK ^6> <>3CFL 04:;040FF0 C 04:@KB09 G0ABFK. 5B@02>5 E20;O20==5 OHGM 40AB0B:>20 <>F=05, B0<C 01@07VO 15@03>9 <>60 =07V@0FF0 =0 0>1=KE ( ;0:0;L=KE) CG0AB:0E 15@0302>9 ;V=VV. @K 7=0G=09 A?@0F>^FK 2040AE>2VHG0 3;K1V=V 25;L<V ?0=V60NFF0 V ?@0:BKG=0 ^AQ 4=> 70:@0=05FF0 25B@02K< E20;O20==5<. @K ?0=V6M==V C7@>^=O 204K ?@K1O@M6=KO 2>4<5;V =5 @071C@0NFF0, B0<C 15@03020O 01@07VO 70BCE05, 0 AD0@<V@020=KO 2>4<5;V V AEV;K 15@03>^ ECB:0 70<0F>^20NFF0 2>4=K<V V 4@C3V<V @0A;V=0<V.
5@E=OO ( @0G=0O) 7>=0 ?@K 2KA>:09 20475 ( #) <5;:02>4=0O, ?@K =V7:09 0<0;L CAO 2040 ?@0:BKG=0 ^20E>47VFL C @MGKHG0, 0;5 ?04?>@ 70E>^205FF0. =0G=KO 3;K1V=V =07V@0NFF0 B>;L:V ^ @MGKHGK. 0^74>^6=KO ECB:0AFV 7=0G=KO. 5B@02>5 E20;O20==5 =O7=0G=05 V 01@07VO ?@0:BKG=0 =5 =07V@05FF0.
#G0AB0: 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C E0@0:B0@K7C5FF0 7<O=5==O<V @M6K<C O: ?0 ?>@<0 3>40, B0: V C AC2O7V 7 @01>B09 @M3C;NNGK<V 71C4020==O<V ( =0?@K:;04, 7 @01>B09 -!) . ;O CG0AB:0 E0@0:BM@=K 7=0G=KO 2030==V ^7@>^=O, =0O^=0AFL AFQ:02KE FOGM==O^, B0:A0<0 7=0G=K<V 7<O=5==O<V ^ ?0<5@0E 70B0?;V205<09 ?;>HGK @0G=>9 ?>9<K.
:@0<O 3MBKE ?@K@>4=KE 7>= C 2040AE>2VHG0E G0AB0 2K47O;ONFF0 70;V2K, O:VO <0NFL A205 0A01;V20AFV. >;LH A:;040=KO 3V4@0;03VG=KO ^<>2K =07V@0NFF0 ^ 2040AE>2VHG0E 07Q@=030 V 07Q@=0- @0G=>30 BK?0^.
0;>^=0O <MB0 1C40^=VFB20 2040AE>2VHG0^ @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 204K, O:>5 2K:>=205FF0 C V=B0@MA0E M=M@35BK:V, V@K30FKV, 2>4=030 B@0=A?0@BC, 2>40701OA?OGM==O, @M:@M0FKV, 7 <MB09 10@0FL1K 7 =0204=5=O<V, V V=H. ;O 3MB030 ^ 2040AE>2VHG0E =0:>?;V205FF0 C 047V= ?5@KO4 V 2K:0@KAB>^205FF0 ^ 4@C3V. 5@KO4 =0:0>^;V20==O 204K ?025@E=52030 AFQ:C =07K205FF =0?0^=5==5< 2040AE>2VHG0, 0 ?5@KO4 0440GK 204K A?@0F>^:09. 5@KO4 =0?0^=5==O 2040AE>2VHG0 041K205FF0 =0 <0;KE @M:0E 70 1 - 3 304K, =0 2O;V:VE 70 1 0 1 5 304>^.
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
# =091>;LHK ?@05:B=K ^7@>25=L 2040AE>2VHG0 ( 25@E=O3O 1 5D0 ?;0FV=K) , O:V ?;0FV=0 <>60 ?4B@K<;V20FL ?@K =0@<0;L=KE C<>20E :0@KAB0==O 2040AE>2VHG0 =0 ?@0FO3C 402>;V 46>^3030 G0AC. 0 3MBK C7@>25=L @07;VG20NFF0 0<0;L CA5 3V4@0BME=VG=KO 71C4020==V 2040AE>2VHG0 V :>;L:0A=KO E0@0:B0@KABK:V. 0V<5=LHK ^7@>25=L 2040AE>0VHG0, 40 O:>30 <03GK<0 O3> A?@0F>^:0 ?@K M:A?;C0B0FKV, =07K205FF0 C7@>^=5< <Q@B2030 01 Q<C ( # ) .
1 Q< 204K, O:V 70:;NG0=K ?0<V6 # V # , =07K205FF0 :0@KA=K< 01 Q<0<. /3> <>6=0 2K:0@KAB>^20FL C @>7=KE 30A?040@GKE <MB0E V Q= 70?;0=020=K ?@05:B0< 2040AE>2VHG0. 1 Q< 204K =V6M9 # =07K205FF0 <Q@B2K< B0<C, HB> ?@K =0@<0;L=KE C<>20E M:A?;C0B0FKV 2040AE>2VHG0 O3> 2K:0@KAB0==5 =5 ?@04C3;5460=0. 5;L<V @M4:0 @07 C AB>, 0 B> V1>;59 304>^ <>6=0 =07V@0FL 25;L<V 2KA>:05 ?0^=02>4475V 04?0254=0 2KA>:V @0AE>4 204K. # AC2O7V 7 01<56020=09 ?@0?CA:=>9 74>;L=0AFN 3V4@02C7;0 <>60 ^7=V:=CFL 402>;V 2KA>:V ^7@>25=L 2040AE>2VHG0, O:V ?5@02KH05 # ( C7@>25=L @M4:09 ?0^B0@0;L=0AFV) , 0;5 O:V <>60 2KB@K<0FL 3V4@02C75; V ?;0FV=0, =0 O3> ?@05:B0< @07;VG0=0 B@K20;0AFL ?;0FV=K. "0:V ?04 Q< C7@>^=O 204K 2KHM9 # C G0A ?0^=02>447O V 2KA>:VE @0AE>40^ 204K @M4:09 ?0^B0@0;L=0AFV =07K205FF0 D0@AV@020==5< C7@>^=O 2040AE>2VHG0, 0 A0< C7@>25=L D0@AV@020=K< ?04?>@=K< ( $ #) . 1 Q<, O:V 7=0E>47VFF0 2KHM9 # 40 $ #, =07K205FF0 01 Q<0< D0@AV@020==O.
# 04?0254=0AFV 7 ?@05:B0< V =501E>4=0AFN C 20475 2040AE>2VHG0< 06KFFO^;O5FF0 HB>47Q==05 ( ACB0G=05) , HB>BK4=Q205 , 30402>5 ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) V H<0B30402>5 ( <=030;5B=55) @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C.
(B>47Q==05 @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 70:;NG05FF0 ^ ?5@0@07<5@:020==V =0 ?@0FO3C ACB0: @0AE>40^ 204K ^ =V6=V 1 5D. MBK 2V4 @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C G0AF59 70 CA1 06KFFO^;O5FF0 C <MB0E 3V4@0M=M@35BK:V ( 2040AE>2VHGK AV?>2VF:09, 'K3V@K=A:09 -!) . # =0G=KO G0AK 2040AE>2VHG0 =0?0^=O5FF0 204>9, -! ?@0FC5 =5 =0?>^=CN <03CB=0AFL, C 475=L -! 2K?@0F>^205 M;5:B@0M=M@3VN V V475 A?@0F>^:0 2040AE>2VHG0. 1 Q< V C7@>25=L 204K 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0=V605FF0.
@K BK4=Q2K< @M3C;O20==V 2K?CA: 204K 7 2040AE>2VHG0 <O=O5FF0 ?0 4=OE BK4=O. <MB09 0B@K<0==O V ?@02V;L=030 2K:0@KAB0==O 3V4@0M;5:B@0M=M@3VV C ?@0F>^=KO 4=V <5=H 204K ?@0?CA:05FF0 ?@07 BC@1V=K -! C 2KE04=KO V A2OB>G=KO 4=V. 0 <0;KE 2040AE>2VHG0E G0A0< 06KFFO^;O5FF0 A?0;CGM==5 HB>47Q==030 V BK4=Q2030 2V40^ @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C ( @KA. 8 . 2 ) .
KA. 8 . 2 . V4K @M3C;O20==O, O:VO 06KFFO^;ONFL 2040AE>2VHGK 5;0@CAV
@K 30402< @M3C;O20==V AFQ:C ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) 2040 =0:>?;V205FF0 ^ <=0302>4=CN ?0@C 3>40 ( 2OA=>9) V @0AE>4C5FF0 =0 30A?040@GKO ?0B@M1K C <0;02>4CN ( ;5B0<) . "0:0O AE5<0 @M3C;O20==O AFQ:C 01C<>^;5=0 =5@0^=0<5@=0AFN @07<5@:020==O AFQ:C ?0 ?>@0< 3>40 V A?06K20==5< 204K. MB0 =091>;LH @0A?0^AN460=K 2V4 @M3C;O20==O, E0@0:BM@=K 4;O 2040AE>2VHG0^ M=5@35BKG=030V V@K30FK9=030 ?@K7=0GM==O. ;O O3> 06KFFO^;5==O 1C4CNFF0 AO@M4=VO V 1C^=KO 2040AE>2VHGK, 74>;L=KO 0:C<C;O20FL 2>4K ?0^=02>447O V ?02>40:.
(<0B30402>5 ( <=030;5B=O5) @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C 70:;NG05FF0 ^ ?5@0@07<5@:020==V @0G=>30 AFQ:C ?0<V6 3040<V 7 @>7=09 2>4=0AFN. MBK 2V4 06KFFO^;O5FF0 1C9=K<V 2040AE>2VHG0<V H;OE0< 0:C<C;OFKV AFQ:C ^ <=0302>4=KO V A?06K20==O O3>^ <0;02>4=KO V AO@M4=VO ?0 2>4=0AFV 304K.
=030;5B=O5 V 30402>5 @M3C;O20==5 AFQ:C <>60 1KFL ?>^=K< V =O?>^=K< ( G0AB:>2K<) . @K ?>^=K< @M3C;O20=VV 2040AE>2VHG0<V 70B@K<;V205FF0 @07;V:>2K 01 Q< AFQ:C <=0302>4=KE 304>^, ?0^=02>447O^ V ?02>40: V V< ?@0:BKG=0 40AO305FF0 #. @K =O?>^=K< @M3C;O20=VV C 2040AE>2VHG0^ 70B@K<;V205FF0 B>;L:V G0AB:0 AFQ:C, 0 4@C30O ?@0?CA:05FF0 ^ =V6=V 1 5D. 073;5460=K E0@0:BM@=KO ^7@>^=V 204K 7 O^;ONFF0 ?@05:B=K< E0@0:B0@KABK:0<V.
;K1V=O A?@0F>^:V 2040AE>2VHG0 206=59HK ?0:07GK: 3V4@0;03VG=030 @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0, O:V 7=0G=0 ^?;K205 =0 C=CB@K2040Q<=KO ( ;V<=VG=KO) ?@0FMAK, ?0:>;L:V 0<?;VBC40 2030==O ^7@>^=O 204K C 2040AE>2VHG0E 7=0G=0 1>;LH0O, GK< C 07Q@0E. ;K1V=O A?@0F>^:V 2K7=0G05FF0 25;VGK=Q9 ?03V6M==O ^7@>^=O 2040 2040AE>2VHG0 70 =5:0B>@K G0A ( <) . 1 Q<, O:V 1K^ A?@0F020=K 70 3MBK G0A =07K205FF0 ?@K7<09 A?@0F>^:V ( !) .
O3;547OGK =0 0A01;V20AFV :>6=030 2V40 @M3C;O20==O <>6=0 2K7=0GKFL 03C;L=KO @KAK ^ 3V4@0;03VG=K< @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0^. MB0 B0: =07K205<KO =07V@05<KO E0@0:BM@=KO C7@>^=V. 091>;LHK C7@>25=L =07V@05FF0 C :0=FK ?0^=02>447O, :0;V 7025@HK;0AO 70?0^=5==5 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0A;O 7V<>209 A?@0F>^:V. MBK ^7@>25=L B@K<05FF0 =0 ?@0FO3C =5:0B>@030 G0AC, ?@0FO3;0AFL O:>30 70;56KFL 04 2V40 @M3C;O20==O V 2>4=0AFV 3>40. 0BK< =0:>?;5=0O 2040 A?06K205FF0 ^ 30A?040@GKE <MB0E, C 2K=V:C G03> 041K205FF0 ?0=V6M==5 ^7@>^=O. !?0F>^:0 2040AE>2VHG0 V475 72KG09=0 40 =5:0B>@KE =09<5=LHKE C7@>^=O^ 204K ^ ?@:0=FK 7V<K. =0@0AB0==5< ?@KB>:C 204K 7 204071>@0 70?0^=5==5 2040AE>2VHG0 ?0^B0@05FF0. 0 =07V@05<KE C7@>^=O9 204K 2040AE>2VHG0 04=>AVFF0 AO@M4=V ^7@>25=L 204 70 ?0@C 3>40, AO@M4=V 30402K, AO@M4=V 70 H<0B30402K ?5@KO4 V 3. 4.
030==V ^7@>^=O 204K 2040AE>2VHG0^, VE 7=0G=0O 0<?;VBC40 G0AB0 04<>^=0 ^?;K205 =0 =5@0AB @K1, 2K:0@KAB0==5 2040701>@0^, AC40E>4AB20, ?5@0H:04605 VE 70@0AB0==N, A?@KO5 01@07VV 15@03>^ V 2>4<5;O^, A04759=VG05 @07<K2C C<0F020==O^ 15@03>^ V 4@C3VE 3V4@0BME=VG=KE 71C4020==O^.
A01;V20AFV 3V4@0;03VG=030 @M6K<C 2040AE>2VHG0^ C @>7=KE G0AB:0E 0:20B>@K9 70;56KFL 04 VE <0@D0;03VG=KE, 3V4@03@0DVG=KE 0A01;V20AF59, =0O^=0AFV 3;K1>:02>4=KE V <5;:02>4=KE 7>=, 3V4@04K=0<VG=KE ?0:07GK:0^ ( 2030==O^ C7@>^=O 204K, 25B@02>30 E20;O20==O V V=H. ) . 0 0A01;V20AFO< 3V4@0;03VG=KE C<>^, O:VO C7=V:0NFL C @>7=KE G0AB:0E 0:20B>@K9, 2K47O;ONFF0 3V4@0;03VG=KO 7>=: =V6=OO ?@K?;0FV==0O ( 2>75@0?04>1=0O) , AO@M4=OO ( 07Q@=0- @0G=0O) , 25@E=OO ( @0G=0O) , 0 B0:A0<0 CG0AB0: 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C.
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
!O@M4=OO ( 07Q@=0- @0G=0O) 7>=0 3;K1>:02>4=0 B>;L:V ?@K 2KA>:VE C7@>^=OE 204K, 1;V7:VE 40 #. @K 7=0G=09 A?@0F>^FK 2040AE>2VHG0 70B>?;5=0O ?>^<0 @0:V =5 0ACH05FF0, 2040 =5 C20E>47VFL C 1K;>5 @MGKHG0. ;5 ?0^74>^6=KO FOGM==V <0F=59, GK< C 07Q@=09 G0ABFK, OHGM 7=0E>47OFF0 ?04 C?;K20< 25B@C. C9=KO =0=>AK ^6> <>3CFL 04:;040FF0 C 04:@KB09 G0ABFK. 5B@02>5 E20;O20==5 OHGM 40AB0B:>20 <>F=05, B0<C 01@07VO 15@03>9 <>60 =07V@0FF0 =0 0>1=KE ( ;0:0;L=KE) CG0AB:0E 15@0302>9 ;V=VV. @K 7=0G=09 A?@0F>^FK 2040AE>2VHG0 3;K1V=V 25;L<V ?0=V60NFF0 V ?@0:BKG=0 ^AQ 4=> 70:@0=05FF0 25B@02K< E20;O20==5<. @K ?0=V6M==V C7@>^=O 204K ?@K1O@M6=KO 2>4<5;V =5 @071C@0NFF0, B0<C 15@03020O 01@07VO 70BCE05, 0 AD0@<V@020=KO 2>4<5;V V AEV;K 15@03>^ ECB:0 70<0F>^20NFF0 2>4=K<V V 4@C3V<V @0A;V=0<V.
5@E=OO ( @0G=0O) 7>=0 ?@K 2KA>:09 20475 ( #) <5;:02>4=0O, ?@K =V7:09 0<0;L CAO 2040 ?@0:BKG=0 ^20E>47VFL C @MGKHG0, 0;5 ?04?>@ 70E>^205FF0. =0G=KO 3;K1V=V =07V@0NFF0 B>;L:V ^ @MGKHGK. 0^74>^6=KO ECB:0AFV 7=0G=KO. 5B@02>5 E20;O20==5 =O7=0G=05 V 01@07VO ?@0:BKG=0 =5 =07V@05FF0.
#G0AB0: 2K:;V=V20==O ?04?>@C E0@0:B0@K7C5FF0 7<O=5==O<V @M6K<C O: ?0 ?>@<0 3>40, B0: V C AC2O7V 7 @01>B09 @M3C;NNGK<V 71C4020==O<V ( =0?@K:;04, 7 @01>B09 -!) . ;O CG0AB:0 E0@0:BM@=K 7=0G=KO 2030==V ^7@>^=O, =0O^=0AFL AFQ:02KE FOGM==O^, B0:A0<0 7=0G=K<V 7<O=5==O<V ^ ?0<5@0E 70B0?;V205<09 ?;>HGK @0G=>9 ?>9<K.
:@0<O 3MBKE ?@K@>4=KE 7>= C 2040AE>2VHG0E G0AB0 2K47O;ONFF0 70;V2K, O:VO <0NFL A205 0A01;V20AFV. >;LH A:;040=KO 3V4@0;03VG=KO ^<>2K =07V@0NFF0 ^ 2040AE>2VHG0E 07Q@=030 V 07Q@=0- @0G=>30 BK?0^.
Соседние файлы в папке 8 Вадасховишчы