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Великобритания

61,113,205 (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Age structure:

0-14 years: 16.7% (male 5,233,756/female 4,986,131)

15-64 years: 67.1% (male 20,774,192/female 20,246,519)

65 years and over: 16.2% (male 4,259,654/female 5,612,953) (2009 est.)

Median age:

total: 40.2 years

male: 39.1 years

female: 41.3 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.279% (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 175

Birth rate:

10.65 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 182

Death rate:

10.02 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 64

Net migration rate:

2.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

Urbanization:

urban population: 90% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births

country comparison to the world: 193

male: 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 79.01 years

country comparison to the world: 36

male: 76.52 years

female: 81.63 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.66 children born/woman (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 175

Этнический состав

white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)

Religions:

Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)

Swansea; The Vale of Glamorgan; Torfaen; Wrexham

Dependent areas:

Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)

head of government: Prime Minister James Gordon BROWN (since 27 June 2007)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords (740 seats; consisting of approximately 622 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy - as of 14 December 2009) and House of Commons (646 seats since 2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)

elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by June 2010)

election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor 35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by party - Labor 355, Conservative 198, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31; seats by party in the House of Commons as of 13 November 2009 - Labor 350, Conservative 193, Liberal Democrat 63, Scottish National Party 7, Plaid Cymru 30, Democratic Unionist 9, Sinn Fein 5, other 16

note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been suspended four times, the latest occurring in October 2002 and lasting until 8 May 2007); in 1999, the UK held the first elections for a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly, the most recent of which were held in May 2007

Judicial branch:

House of Lords (established in October 2009 taking over appellate jurisdiction formerly vested in the House of Lords); Senior Courts of England and Wales (comprising the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and High Court of the Justiciary

Political parties and leaders:

Conservative [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Peter ROBINSON]; Labor Party [Gordon BROWN]; Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Nick CLEGG]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg EMPEY]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress

International organization participation:

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quintet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining and the UK became a net importer of energy in 2005; energy industries now contribute about 4% to GDP. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. Since emerging from recession in 1992, Britain's economy enjoyed the longest period of expansion on record during which time growth outpaced most of Western Europe. The global economic slowdown, tight credit, and falling home prices, however, pushed Britain back into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompted the BROWN government to implement a number of new measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets; these include part-nationalizing the banking system, cutting taxes, suspending public sector borrowing rules, and bringing forward public spending on capital projects. The Bank of England periodically coordinates interest rate moves with the European Central Bank, but Britain remains outside the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and opinion polls show a majority of Britons oppose joining the euro.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$2.236 trillion (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

$2.22 trillion (2007 est.)

$2.164 trillion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$2.68 trillion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

0.7% (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 188

2.6% (2007 est.)

2.9% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$36,700 (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

$36,500 (2007 est.)

$35,700 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 1.3%

industry: 24.2%

services: 74.5% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

31.23 million (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 1.4%

industry: 18.2%

services: 80.4% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

5.6% (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

5.3% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

14% (2006 est.)

$5.277 trillion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008)

country comparison to the world: 5

$3.859 trillion (31 December 2007)

$3.794 trillion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish

Industries:

machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods

Industrial production growth rate:

-2% (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 154

Electricity - production:

368.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

Electricity - consumption:

345.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

Electricity - exports:

1.272 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

12.29 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

1.584 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Oil - consumption:

1.71 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Oil - exports:

1.602 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Oil - imports:

1.651 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

Oil - proved reserves:

3.41 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Natural gas - production:

69.9 billion cu m (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14

Natural gas - consumption:

95.94 billion cu m (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

Natural gas - exports:

10.5 billion cu m (2008)

country comparison to the world: 19

Natural gas - imports:

36.54 billion cu m (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Natural gas - proved reserves:

342.9 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

Current account balance:

-$45.68 billion (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 185

-$78.78 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$466.3 billion (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

$442 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco

Exports - partners:

US 13.8%, Germany 11.5%, Netherlands 7.8%, France 7.6%, Ireland 7.5%, Belgium 5.3%, Spain 4.1% (2008)

Imports:

$639.3 billion (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

$620.7 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Germany 13.1%, US 8.7%, China 7.5%, Netherlands 7.4%, France 6.8%, Norway 6%, Belgium 4.7%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

total: 16,454 km

country comparison to the world: 17

broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland)

standard gauge: 16,151 km 1.435-m gauge (5,248 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways:

total: 398,366 km

country comparison to the world: 16

paved: 398,366 km (includes 3,520 km of expressways) (2006)

Waterways:

3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2008)

country comparison to the world: 32

Merchant marine:

total: 518

country comparison to the world: 22

2, Singapore 17, Slovakia 1, Spain 5, Sweden 2, Thailand 5, Tonga 1, US 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports, Hound Point (Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales)


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