Статистика пожаров / National Fire Protection Association / Catastrophic multiple-death fires 2004

Table 1. Catastrophic Residential Fires in the United States in 2004

Location, Date,

Time of Alarm,

Number of Deaths

Ohio September 2:48 a.m.

10 (two under age six)

Ohio October 2:38 p.m.

7 (four under age six)

South Carolina January,

4:24 a.m.

6 (one under age six)

Occupancy Type,

Construction Type,

Number of Stories

Three-story, 24-unit apartment building of protected wood-frame construction.

Two-story, 5-unit apartment building of protected wood-frame construction.

Split-level, 123-unit motel of fire-resistive construction, with five stories in the front and three stories in the rear.

Smoke Detectors
and other Fire		Contributing Factors and Victim
Protection Devices	Fire Origin and Path	Locations
No information on	A fire was set in a lower-level	All of the victims were found on the
automatic detection was	stairwell and spread vertically	third floor.
reported. There was no	to the third story and attic.
automatic suppression
equipment installed.

There were smoke alarms in the apartment but not in the room of origin, and none operated. The reason alarms did not operate was not reported.

An open flame ignited the fire in a second-story bedroom, which then spread to the attic.

There was a completecoverage heat and smoke alarm system. Guestrooms had local alarms that were not connected to the system. Alarms activated and alerted the occupants. There was no automatic suppression equipment.

A fire was set in the foyer of the rear entrance, which was at ground level at the back of the building and on the third level at the front of the building. The fire extended down a corridor, aided by the chimney effect created when a guest broke a window on the opposite end of the corridor.

The seven victims were all under the age of eight and were unattended. An infant was in one bedroom, the other children were in a second bedroom.

There were 46 registered guests. Four victims were found in the corridor near the broken window, and two other victims were still in their rooms, all on the fire floor.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

Table 1. Catastrophic Residential Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)

Location, Date,	Occupancy Type,	Smoke Detectors
Time of Alarm,	Construction Type,	and other Fire
Number of Deaths	Number of Stories	Protection Devices

New York	Two-story, single-
August	family dwelling of
5 a.m.	unprotected wood-frame
6 (one under age six)	construction.

There was a smoke alarm, but the battery had been removed.

	Contributing Factors and Victim
Fire Origin and Path	Locations
The fire began under a large	Smoke and intense heat trapped the
window in the first-floor	six victims on the second floor.
living room. The window
failed and the fire spread to
the front porch and upward.
The cause is undetermined.

Oklahoma	One-story, single-family None.
September	dwelling of unprotected
9:39 p.m.	wood-frame
6	construction, with brick
	veneer.

The fire originated on the front porch and spread through the front door and entry way to the attic. The cause is undetermined.

Doors and windows with security bars with no quick-release mechanism hindered escape and firefighter access. The six victims were found in the attached garage where they were looking for the key to a barred back door.

Pennsylvania	Two-story, single-	Not reported.
October	family row house of
4:57 a.m.	unprotected ordinary
6 (one under age six)	construction.
Michigan	One-story, single-family	None.
January	dwelling of unprotected
4:29 a.m.	wood-frame
5 (four under age six)	construction.

A fire was set in the first-story hallway. No other details were provided.

A four-year-old turned on a gas stove and went back to bed. Cooking materials ignited and the fire spread throughout the house.

None reported.

Due to the early hour, family members were asleep, and the child was unsupervised. Security bars prevented the family’s escape. All the victims were found in bedrooms.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

	Table 1. Catastrophic Residential Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)
Location, Date,	Occupancy Type,	Smoke Detectors
Time of Alarm,	Construction Type,	and other Fire		Contributing Factors and Victim
Number of Deaths	Number of Stories	Protection Devices	Fire Origin and Path	Locations
Indiana	One-story, single-	Not reported.	Electric heaters overloaded	None reported.
February	family manufactured		the electrical system. The
5:46 a.m.	home.		house was fully engulfed
5 (three under age six)			when firefighters arrived.
Kentucky	One-story, single-family	No information reported.	No information reported.	No information reported.
February	manufactured home.
6:40 a.m.
5 (three under age six)

Florida	One-story, single-family	None.
February	dwelling of unprotected
12:48 a.m.	ordinary construction.
5 (one under age six)
New York	Three-story apartment	Not reported.
April	building of unprotected
5:30 a.m.	ordinary construction,
5 (one under age six)	unknown number of
	units.
Alabama	One-story, single-family	None.
May	manufactured home.
1:10 a.m.
5 (two under age six)

Gasoline was ignited in the living area near the means of egress.

Not reported.

No information reported.

Non-code-compliant, non-releasing wrought iron security bars hampered firefighters’ efforts.

Victims were found in a top-floor apartment.

No information reported.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

Table 1. Catastrophic Residential Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)

Location, Date,	Occupancy Type,	Smoke Detectors
Time of Alarm,	Construction Type,	and other Fire
Number of Deaths	Number of Stories	Protection Devices
Virginia	Two-story, single-	None.
May	family dwelling of
3:54 a.m.	unprotected wood-frame
5 (one under age six)	construction.

Florida	One-story, two-family	None.
September	dwelling of unprotected
1:38 a.m.	wood-frame
5	construction.

	Contributing Factors and Victim
Fire Origin and Path	Locations

An unspecified electrical malfunction in the area of the electrical panel resulted in a fire in the first-floor laundry room.

The fire originated in the front living room. The cause is undetermined.

Five people were asleep on the second floor, and two were on the first floor. One from each floor escaped. Most windows were open, allowing a strong wind to spread smoke and flame.

The doors and windows all had security bars. The front and rear doors had steel gates that firefighters had to cut through to gain entry. Hurricane shutters covered windows. All the victims were found in the bedrooms.

South Carolina	One-story, single-family No information reported.	No information reported.	No information reported.
September	manufactured home.
12:53 p.m.
5 (four under age six)

Massachusetts	Two-story, two-family	Undetermined due to	A fire of undetermined cause
October	dwelling of unprotected	destruction.	started in the first-story
1:33 a.m.	wood-frame		lounge.
5 (two under age six)	construction.

The family was asleep. Given the home's isolated location on a cul de sac, there was no traffic or passersby who might have discovered the fire. Four of the victims were found on the second floor. The location of the fifth victim was not reported.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

	Table 1. Catastrophic Residential Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)
Location, Date,	Occupancy Type,	Smoke Detectors
Time of Alarm,	Construction Type,	and other Fire		Contributing Factors and Victim
Number of Deaths	Number of Stories	Protection Devices	Fire Origin and Path	Locations

Kansas	Two-story, single-
October	family dwelling of
5:00 a.m.	unprotected wood-frame
5	construction.

Partial-coverage smoke alarms were present, but they did not operate. One was missing a battery, and the battery in the other was dead.

The fire, of undetermined cause, began in the first-floor kitchen and spread throughout the structure.

The victims were found in bedrooms on the second floor.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

	Table 2. Catastrophic Nonresidential Fires in the United States in 2004
Location,	Occupancy Type &
Date, Time	Use,
of Alarm,	Number of Stories,
Number of	Construction Type,	Detection	Suppression
Deaths	Operating Status	Systems	Systems	Fire Origin & Path	Contributing Factors

Tennessee	Two-story assisted-	Operating	None.
January	living facility of	smoke alarms
9:07 p.m.	protected wood-frame	alerted the
5	construction. There	occupants, but
	were 16 residents and	the type and
	an unreported number	coverage were
	of staff in the facility.	not reported.

The fire broke out in a secondstory bedroom when a lamp arced and ignited nearby combustibles. The fire spread through the room into the attic.

The staff, firefighters, and police officers rescued some of the 11 occupants. Other occupants managed to escape on their own.

Illinois	Two-story chemical	None.	An automatic	An undetermined source ignited Not reported.
April	and plastics		wet-pipe	a vinyl chloride leak.
10:45 p.m.	manufacturing plant		sprinkler system
5	of unprotected		was present. Its
	noncombustible		coverage was
	construction, full		not reported, and
	operation.		the operation of
			the system is
			still under
			investigation.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

	Table 2.	Catastrophic Nonresidential Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)
Location,	Occupancy Type &
Date, Time	Use,
of Alarm,	Number of Stories,
Number of	Construction Type,		Detection	Suppression
Deaths	Operating Status		Systems	Systems	Fire Origin & Path	Contributing Factors

Kentucky	Natural gas well; three	None.	None.	An unknown source ignited gas
August	workers were onsite to			that had been released from the
2:03 p.m.	repair a pump.			well.
3
Pennsylvania	Oneand two-story	No	No information	No information reported.
August	board-and-care	information	reported.
2:20 a.m.	facility of unprotected	reported.
3	wood-frame
	construction with 40
	patients and an
	unreported number of
	staff members.

Two victims were found after firefighters arrived. The third was found after the fire was extinguished.

No information reported.

Minnesota	One-story, bank office None.	None.	Natural gas from piping
December	property of		underground outside seeped into
9:47 a.m.	unprotected ordinary		the building. The explosion
3	construction, four		resulted when an unknown
	people were in the		source ignited the accumulated
	building.		gas.

The bodies of the three victims were recovered from the wreckage. A fourth person in the building survived.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

	Table 3. Catastrophic Non-Structural Fires in the United States in 2004
Location, Date,
Time of Alarm,
Number of
Deaths	Setting	Climate Condition	Fire Origin & Path	Factors Hindering Occupant Escape
Washington	Automobile fire.	No information	No information reported.	No information reported.
July		reported.
1:00 a.m.
5 (three under
age six)
Missouri	A plane crashed in a	Not reported.	An unknown source ignited fuel	None reported.
August	wooded area past the		spilled in the crash. The aircraft was
9:51 a.m.	end of the runway,		engulfed in seconds.
5 (one under age	landing in a ravine.
six)

California	Trench for a water	Not reported.	An excavator digging a trench for
November	supply pipeline		new pipe punctured a gasoline
1:30 p. m.	installation.		pipeline. Sparks from a welder's
5			torch nearby ignited the high-
			pressure spray, causing an explosion.
Pennsylvania	Aircraft crash at an	Overcast.	An aircraft practicing touch-and-go
July	airport.		landings crashed into a one-story
4:22 p.m.			hangar and several vehicles. Upon
4			impact, the fuel ignited. The NTSB
			report has not been released yet.

The explosion was followed by a fire that engulfed the workers and trapped them in the trench.

None reported.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

		Table 3. Catastrophic Non-Structural Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)
Location, Date,
Time of Alarm,
Number of
Deaths	Setting	Climate Condition Fire Origin & Path	Factors Hindering Occupant Escape

Florida	Semi-tractor trailer	Not reported.	The collision ignited gasoline from
February	truck struck a motor		the motor home, and fire spread to its
12:58 p.m.	home on a highway.		interior.
3
Illinois	Two-vehicle collision	Not reported.	Gasoline from a ruptured fuel tank
February	on a paved roadway.		ignited after two passenger cars
2:24 a.m.			collided.
3
Louisiana	Gasoline tanker truck at	Not reported.	A tanker truck carrying
June	grade level at a railroad		approximately 8,000 gallons
10:05 a.m.	crossing.		(3,283 liters) of gasoline was struck
3			broadside by a railroad locomotive.
			Fuel was released and ignited.
Illinois	Two-car collision on	No information	No information reported.
August	interstate highway.	reported.
2:00 p.m.
3

The three victims were trapped in the motor home.

None reported.

None reported. The victims were the truck driver and two operators on the train.

No information reported.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA

		Table 3. Catastrophic Non-Structural Fires in the United States in 2004 (Continued)
Location, Date,
Time of Alarm,
Number of
Deaths	Setting	Climate Condition Fire Origin & Path	Factors Hindering Occupant Escape

Montana	An aircraft crash on	Light rain.	An aircraft crashed in mountainous
September	mountainside.		terrain, and a post-crash fire
3:30 p.m.			developed.
3
North Carolina	Camper trailer at a	No information	No information reported.
November	campground.	reported.
3:00 a.m.
3

Two victims trapped in the wreckage died of burns. Two survivors pulled a third person, also burned, from the aircraft, but he died a short time later.

No information reported.

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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA