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The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of approximately 500 million people mainly in North America, Oceania, Southern Africa, and Central, Western and Northern Europe. It is the third most spoken Indo-European subdivision, behind Italic and Indo-Iranian, and ahead of Balto-Slavic languages.

Germanic languages by number of native speakers (million)

Germanic languages by share

English

German

Dutch

Swedish

Afrikaas

Low Saxon

Danish

Norwegian

Other Germanic

The history development of Germanic languages is usually divided into 3 periods:

-ancient (from the emergence of writing to the XI century) - the formation of separate languages;

-intermediate (XII-XV century) - the development of writing in the Germanic languages and expand their social functions;

-new (from the XVI century to the present) - the formation and implementation of the national languages.

The development of Germanic language from antiquity to the present day due to the numerous migrations of their speakers.

The oldest view of Germanic writing are runic inscriptions, dating from the II-III centuries AD

Germanic studies as a separate field of linguistics started developing with the birth of the comparative method.

The main The Linguistic Features of the Germanic Languages.

1.Germanic languages are notable that they usually have so many different vowels

2.A clear separation of long and short vowels is considered to be the most important characteristic in Germanic language group.

The key features of Germanic studies of the 50s-60s of the 20th century

1.More precise information on the dialectual processes occurring in Proto-Indo-European and the process of the separation /formation of the language groups.

2.The contacts of the language groups of the Indo-European family and their mutual influence on each other.

Germanic languages are a group that includes some of the most popular languages in the world. Although the history of the study Germanic language began in the late 18th century. (In the field of comparative studies), there are a number of questions that still do not have answers. These issues, for example, include: the origin of the runes, Germanic origin of the name of the ethnonym, the definition of the territory in which there was a formation-German language and others.

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