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Lesson 8. Some Useful Advice to a Speaker

  1. Before you begin writing your paper think about two things:

Your purpose and your audience.

2. Regardless of your topic you should take into consideration the audience’s background (фоновые знания, квалификация) and the range (диапазон) of their knowledge in this particular field.

  1. Don't try to cover too wide a field in your talk: one main idea consistently and methodically developed will ensure the understanding and appreciation of the audience. (последовательно и методично развивается, обеспечит понимание и оценку аудитории.) Arrange (упорядочить) your arguments so as to support this main idea.

4. There are two ways of delivering your speech (Существует два способа передачи вашей речи): talking or reading. If you decided on the first way, a previously prepared outline or notes (наброски или заметки) on the cards will be good guides during your presentation. They will help you to keep the order of points and not forget something important. You may also write down your speech word for word (слово в слово) but don't try to learn it by heart. Instead, practice delivering (представлять, предоставлять) the information the speech contains in parts. After that go over the entire speech until you can speak freely.

  1. If you read the text, make the rhythm and pace (ритм и темп) of your talk closer to those of natural speech. To keep up contact with the audience don't forget to look up regularly.

6. Emphasize the most important points, changing the tone and rate (скорость) of your speech and making deliberate pauses (преднамеренные паузы). This will help you to hold the attention of the audience.

  1. You ought to remember that your listeners don't have the opportunity to come back to what has been already said. They can't stop at a puzzling (приводящий в замешательство) idea and think it over. For this reason, don't neglect (принебрегайте) repetition, specifications, internal summaries, etc. (повторение, уточнения, краткие выводы)

  2. If your speech exceeds (превышает) the time allowed, don't be tempted (не поддавайтесь искушению) to speed up your delivery (выступление). Think over in advance which parts of the text can be left out (опустить).

  3. You are to talk to the audience as if you were talking to a group of your very good friends. Make your listeners feel that you are talking to each other individually.

{From "American English for Everyday and Academic Use")

Ex. 1. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What two things is it necessary to think about before you being writing the report? your purpose and your audience.

2. Is it advisable to take into consideration the range of knowledge of the listeners? Yes

3. What are two ways of delivering your speech? talking or reading

4. Is it always necessary to learn the speech by heart? No

5. Why is it important to change the tone and rate of your speech and to make deliberate pauses? Emphasize the most important points and tohelp you to hold the attention of the audience

6. What shouldn’t you neglect while delivering your report? you shouldn’t neglect (принебрегайте) repetition, specifications, internal summaries, etc.

7. Should you speed up your delivery? No

Ex. 2. Which of the recommendations discussed in the text, in your opinion, are the most important? Give your reasons. Add some recommendation if you can.

Ex. 3. Translate and remember the phrases expressing your appreciation about taking part in a conference:

I think it is privilege for me to participate in this conference and I greatly appreciate it. Я считаю, что это большая честь для меня принять участие в этой конференции, и я высоко ценю это.

I’d like to begin by expressing my appreciation for this opportunity to exchange information on the problems which interest all of us. Я хотел бы выразить признательность за возможность обмена информацией о проблемах, которые интересуют всех нас.

It is a great pleasure for me to attend this representative meeting and to have an opportunity to take part in a lively discussion here. Это большая честь для меня присутствовать на этом представительном собрании и иметь возможность принимать участие в оживленной дискуссии.

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