Ответы на вопросы к экзамену (Дроздов В.В.) / 20. в юникоде 20. Динамические характеристики популяции. Типы динамики численности популяции - характерные примеры

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>6405<>ABL, A<5@B=>ABL, <83@0F88 >A>159.



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07;8G0NB 01A>;NB=CN 8 C45;L=CN @>6405<>ABL



1A>;NB=0O 8;8 >1I0O @>6405<>ABL ( ) >?@545;O5BAO :0: G8A;> >A>159 ("N?) @>482H8EAO 2 ?>?C;OF88 70 >?@545;5==K9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8 ("t):



 = "N? / "t



#45;L=0O @>6405<>ABL (b)  MB> >B=>H5=85 >A>159 ("N?), @>482H8EAO 70 >?@545;5==K9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8 ("t), : G8A;C 2A5E >A>159 ?>?C;OF88 (N):



b = "N? / "t · N



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0?@8<5@:



5A;8 2 ?>?C;OF88 8<55BAO 500 >A>159 A?>A>1=KE : @07<=>65=8N (N =500) 8 2 B5G5=85 10 4=59 ("t 45;LB0 B ) @>48;>AL 50 =>2KE >A>159 ("N? =50),



B> 01A>;NB=0O 8;8 >1I0O @>6405<>ABL A>AB028B:  = "N? / "t = 50/10 = 5,



0 C45;L=0O @>6405<>ABL: b = "N? / "t · N = 50/ 10 · 500 = 0,01 8;8 1%.



07;8G0NB <0:A8<0;L=CN 8 D0:B8G5A:CN @>6405<>ABL.



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0?@8<5@:



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!<5@B=>ABL  25;8G8=0, >1@0B=0O @>6405<>AB8.



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07;8G0NB >1ICN 8 C45;L=CN A<5@B=>ABL.



1I0O A<5@B=>ABL (!) >?@545;O5BAO :0: G8A;> ?>381H8E 2 ?>?C;OF88 >A>159 ("Nm) 70 >?@545;5==K9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8 ("t):



! = "Nm / "t



#45;L=0O A<5@B=>ABL (d)  MB> >B=>H5=85 >A>159 ("Nm), ?>381H8E 70 >?@545;5==K9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8 ("t), : G8A;C 2A5E >A>159 ?>?C;OF88 (N):



d = "Nm / "t · N



07;8G0NB <8=8<0;L=CN 8 D0:B8G5A:CN A<5@B=>ABL.



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 MB>< A;CG05 >A>18 @50;87CNB 25AL 35=5B8G5A:8 >?@545;5==K9 F8:; 687=545OB5;L=>AB8 >@30=87<0.



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 7028A8<>AB8 >B 2>7@0AB=>3> A>AB020 ?>?C;OF89 @07;8G0NB B@8 B8?0 A<5@B=>AB8.



5@2K9 B8? A<5@B=>AB8 E0@0:B5@87C5BAO ?>2KH5==>9 3815;LN 27@>A;KE, 3;02=K< >1@07><, AB0@KE >A>159.



-B>B B8? A<5@B=>AB8 =01;N405BAO:



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- C 1>;LH8=AB20 :@C?=KE <;5:>?8B0NI8E, :>B>@K5 701>BOBAO > A2>5< ?>B><AB25 4;8B5;L=>5 2@5<O;



- C ;N459 A ?@028;L=K< ?8B0=85< 8 74>@>2K< >1@07>< 687=8.



> 2B>@><C B8?C >B=>A8BAO A<5@B=>ABL, >48=0:>20O 4;O 2A5E 2>7@0AB=KE 3@C??.



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8A.1. "@8 B8?0 :@82KE 2K6820=8O



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3 :@820O 2K6820=8O 45<>=AB@8@C5B @57:>5 ?045=85 A<5@B=>AB8 2 >1;0AB8 <;04H8E 2>7@0AB>2, :>B>@>5 2A:>@5 A<5=O5BAO ?>AB5?5==K< >B=>A8B5;L=> @02=><5@=K< ?>=865=85< A<5@B=>AB8 >@30=87<>2, ?5@5682H8E  :@8B8G5A:89 2>7@0AB.



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87<5=5=85 G8A;5==>AB8 ?>?C;OF88 = (@>6405<>ABL + 8<<83@0F8O) - (A<5@B=>ABL + M<83@0F8O).



@8 >BACBAB288 <83@0F88 87<5=5=85 G8A;5==>AB8 ?>?C;OF88 7028A8B >B A>>B=>H5=8O 25;8G8=K @>6405<>AB8 8 A<5@B=>AB8.