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C H A L L E N G E S I N

Colorectal Cancer

C H A L L E N G E S I N

.......................................................................................................................

Colorectal Cancer

.......................................................................................................................

E D I T E D B Y

John H. Scholefield

Axel Grothey

Professor of Surgery

Professor

University Hospital

Division of Medical Oncology

Nottingham, UK

Mayo Clinic

 

Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Herand Abcarian

Tim Maughan

Turi Josefsen Professor and Chairman

Professor of Cancer Studies

Department of Surgery

University of Cardiff

University of Illinois College of Medicine

Cardiff, UK

Chicago, Illinois, USA

 

S E C O N D E D I T I O N

©2000 by Blackwell Science Ltd

©2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK

Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia

The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

First published 2000

Second edition 2006

1 2006

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data

Challenges in colorectal cancer/edited by John H. Schofield. . .[et al.]. – 2nd ed.

p. ; cm. Includes index.

ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2706-6 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-2706-6 (alk. paper)

1.Colon (Anatomy)—Cancer.

2.Rectum—Cancer. I. Scholefield, John H.

[DNLM: 1. Colorectal neoplasms—therpay. 2. Colorectal Surgery. WI 529 C437 2006]

RC280.C6C47 2006 616.99 4347—dc22

2006000979

ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2706-6

ISBN-10: 1-4051-2706-6

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library

Set in 10/13.5 Sabon by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India

Printed and bound in India by Replika Press PVT Ltd

Commissioning Editor: Alison Brown

Editorial Assistant: Jennifer Seward

Development Editor: Elisabeth Dodds

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The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.

.............................................................................................................................................................................

Contents

.............................................................................................................................................................................

List of contributors, vii

Foreword, xi

1R I C H A R D N E L S O N: Does lifestyle cause colorectal cancer? 1

2R O B E R T S T E E L E: Screening for colorectal cancer – who, when,

and how? 14

3P H I L Q U I R K E: What can the pathologist tell the multidisciplinary

team about rectal cancer resection? 31

4B R E N D A N M O R A N A N D J O H N H . S C H O L E F I E L D: MRI-directed

rectal cancer surgery, 46

5P I E R R E J . G U I L L O U: Minimally invasive surgery – where are we?

Laparoscopic surgery for cancer of the colon and rectum, 60

6T H E O D O R E J . S A C L A R I D E S: Minimally invasive surgery – where

are we? Is there a role for TEM? 73

7 S E U N G-Y O N G J E O N G, D A V I D C H E S S I N, S U S A N R I T C H I E,

J O H N H . S C H O L E F I E L D, A N D J O S É G . G U I L L E M: What is the

best strategy for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer? 89

8R A C H E L C O O P E R A N D D A V I D S E B A G-M O N T E F I O R E: Adjuvant

radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer, 112

9G E O R G E P . K I M A N D A X E L G R O T H E Y: Current challenges in the

adjuvant therapy of colon cancer, 133

v

vi C O N T E N T S

..............................................................................................................................................................................

10 J I L L D E A N: The role of the colorectal nurse specialist in the management of colorectal cancer, 153

11 J U L I A J E S S O P A N D I A N D A N I E L S: The role of the

multidisciplinary team in the management of colorectal cancer, 167

12 J O H N N O R T H O V E R A N D C H R I S B Y R N E: Follow-up after

colorectal cancer resection: Is it worthwhile? 178

13 A X E L G R O T H E Y: Chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer, 195

14 T I M O T H Y G . J O H N A N D M Y R D D I N R E E S: Surgery for metastatic

disease in colorectal cancer, 213

15 M E L A N I E J E F F E R S O N A N D I L O R A F I N L A Y: Palliative care of

the colorectal cancer patient, 232

16 A N T H O N Y E L - K H O U E I R Y A N D H E I N Z - J O S E F L E N Z: Future

directions in the oncological treatment of colorectal cancer, 251

Index, 271

.............................................................................................................................................................................

List of contributors

.............................................................................................................................................................................

E D I T O R S

John H. Scholefield ChM, FRCS, Professor of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Floor E, West Block, University Hospital, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

Herand Abcarian MD, Turi Josefsen Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 30 N Michigan Ave, #1118 Chicago, IL 60602, USA

Axel Grothey MD, Professor, Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Tim Maughan BA, MB BS, MA, FRCP, FRCR, MD, Honorary Professor of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff and Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, CF14 2TL, Wales, UK

C O N T R I B U T O R S

Chris Byrne MB BS, BSc(Med), MS, FRACS, Colorectal Surgeon, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia

David Chessin MD, Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA

Rachel Cooper MRCP, FRCR, MD, Department of Oncology, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds LS16 6QB, UK

Ian Daniels FRCS, Surgeon, Pelican Cancer Foundation, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NA, UK

Jill Dean MMedSci, BSc(hons), RGN, Nurse Consultant, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK

vii

viii L I S T O F C O N T R I B U T O R S

..............................................................................................................................................................................

Anthony El-Khoueiry MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Ilora Finlay FRCP, FRCGP, Professor of Palliative Medicine, Cardiff University and Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, Wales CF14 2TL, UK

José G. Guillem MD, MPH, FACS, FASCRS, Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA

Pierre J. Guillou BSc, MD, FRCS, FRCPS, FMedSci, Department of Surgery, St James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK

Melanie Jefferson MB ChB, BSc, FRCP, Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff & Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK

Seung-Yong Jeong MD, PhD, Visiting Surgical Scientist, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA

Julia Jessop BSc(Hons), DCR(T), Training Director, Pelican Cancer Foundation, North Hampshire Hospital, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, UK

Timothy G. John MBBCh, MD, FRCSEd(Gen), Consultant Hepatobiliary Surgeon, North Hampshire Hospital NHS Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, UK

George P. Kim MD, Chief, Gastrointestinal Cancer Section, Assistant Professor, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA

Heinz-Josef Lenz MD, Associate Professor of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Brendan Moran MCh, FRCS, FRCSI(Gen), Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, North Hampshire Hospital, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NA, UK

Richard Nelson BA, MD, FACS, FASCRS, Professor and Head, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery and School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Rm. 2204 M/C 957, 1740 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

John Northover MS, FRCS, Professor of Intestinal and Colorectal Disorders, Cancer Research UK Colorectal Cancer Unit, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Mark’s Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK

Phil Quirke BM, PhD, FRCPath, Pathology and Tumor Biology, Leeds Institute for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Leeds University, Leeds, UK

Myrddin Rees MS, FRCS, FRCSEd, Consultant Surgeon, North Hampshire Hospital NHS Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, UK

L I S T O F C O N T R I B U T O R S ix

..............................................................................................................................................................................

Susan Ritchie MBChB, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK

Theodore J. Saclarides MD, Professor of Surgery and Head of the Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 810, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

David Sebag-Montefiore FRCP, FRCR, Department of Oncology, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds LS16 6QB, UK

Robert Steele BSc, MBChB, MD, FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Eng), FCS(HK), Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK