Кафедра ДМ 09 04 2013 / Киреев - Расчёт И Проектирование Зуборезных Инструментов
.pdfɊɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ
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d |
(invα w |
− invα A |
− invαɮ |
+ invαɮȺ) |
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hɮ |
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+ 2hn0. |
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2 (tgα |
ɮ0 |
− tgα ) |
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(2.89) |
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Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɫɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɫɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ f. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɭ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɨɫ-
ɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɣɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ.
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dw |
cosα w |
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aɨɫɧ |
= arccos |
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0 |
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(2.90) |
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dɚ |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɣɤɢ |
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Sw |
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(2.9 ) |
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Saɨɫɧ |
= da ( |
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+ invα w0 |
− invα aɨɫɧ ). |
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dw |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ dA |
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Sw |
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S A = d A ( |
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+ invα w − invα A). |
(2.92) |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɟɣɤɢ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ
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dw |
cosα w |
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(2.93) |
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α aɮ = arccos |
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da |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɪɟɣɤɢ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ |
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Sɚɮ |
= dɚ ( |
SȺ |
+ invαɮȺ − invαɚɮ). |
(2.94) |
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dȺ |
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ɋɪɟɡ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ |
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q = |
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ɨɫɧ |
− Sɚɮ |
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(2.95) |
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44
Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ: |
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q § f ɢɥɢ ɧɚ 0,2 ɦɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ f. |
(2.96) |
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɗȼɆ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ Įɮ0 ɢ hɮ0 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨ-
ɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɢɫ.2.8 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ Įɮ0 ɢ hɮ0.
Ɋɚɞɢɭɫɵ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
rA |
= 0,5da − h f ; |
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rB |
= 0,5da . |
(2.97) |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ Ⱥ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɵ
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0,5dw |
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cosα w |
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(2.98) |
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α A = arccos |
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r |
A |
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ɉɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨ- |
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ɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥ |
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ϕ A = |
π |
− |
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+ invα w0 |
− invα A . |
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(2.99) |
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z |
dw |
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ɉɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ |
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ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ |
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ϕ B = |
rA |
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ϕ A |
+ f |
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(2. 00) |
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B |
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Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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ΔΘ = Θ B |
− Θ A |
= ϕ B |
− ϕ A . |
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(2. 0 ) |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɵ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ rb1' ɢɡ |
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ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ |
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ΔΘ |
= |
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r2 |
− r2 − |
r2 − r2 |
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r |
(2. 02) |
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− arccos |
b′ |
+ arccos |
b′ . |
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r |
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b′ |
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b′ |
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɗȼɆ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0,0000000 .
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ɍɝɨɥ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɮɪɟɡɟ
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2r |
cosα |
w |
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(2. 03) |
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b′ |
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d |
ɮ0 |
= arccos |
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cosα |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ȼ ɧɚ ɮɥɚɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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rb′ |
α B = arccos r . |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɢ Y |
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σ B |
= α ɮ0 |
− α B . |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ΨB |
= σ B |
− ϕ B . |
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(2. 04)
(2. 05)
(2. 06)
Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ0 ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ Y0ɏ0:
Y0B |
= rB cosσ B − 0,5dw ; |
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X 0B |
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= rB sinσ B − 0,5dw ψ B . |
(2. 07) |
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Ⱥɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥ0 |
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X0B |
− Y |
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0,5Sn |
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tgα ɮ0 |
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0B |
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(2. |
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0A |
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tgα ɮ0 |
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tgα w |
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Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥ0 |
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X 0 |
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+ Y0 |
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tgα ɮ0 |
(2. 09) |
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Y0A |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ |
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hɮ0 = Y0A |
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(2. 0) |
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46
ɍ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ ɫ m > 4 ɦɦ ɩɨ ɞɧɭ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ (ɪɢɫ.2.9).
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ: hɤɚɧ= –2 ɦɦ, rɤɚɧ= 0,5– ɦɦ. ɒɢɪɢɧɭ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (2. –2. 3).
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ
Sɜn.n0 = |
π dw |
− Sn0. |
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(2. ) |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɞɧɭɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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Sɜn. f = Sɜn.n0 − 2 (hɮ0 − hn0) tgα w − 2 (h0 − hɮ0) tgα |
ɮ0. |
(2. 2) |
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ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ |
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bɤɚɧ = Sɜn. f − . |
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(2. 3) |
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ȿɫɥɢ bɤɚɧ < ɦɦ, ɬɨ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɮɥɚɧɤɚ ɨɛ- |
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ɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ V-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɦ 2Įɮ0. |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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a0 |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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D |
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− (0,4 ÷ 0,5)K. |
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a0 |
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Ɉɤɪɭɝɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 0,0 ɦɦ.
ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɰɢ-
ɥɢɧɞɪɟ
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(2. |
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6) |
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Dt |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 1".
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɢ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɫ ɥɟ-
ɜɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡ-
ɤɢ.
47
Ɋɢɫ. 2.9. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ: m>4ɦɦ;
hɤɚɧ = -2 ɦɦ; rɤɚɧ = 0,5- ,2 ɦɦ
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɡɭɛɚ (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ) ɮɪɟɡɵ
Hk = h0 + |
k + k |
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ɇɤ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚ0 = 0,5 |
ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. |
ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ Ĭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 22˚, 25˚, 30˚.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɬɵɥɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɰɨɦ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɢ.
Ɋɚɞɢɭɫ ɡɚɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ
r = π (d − 2H )/ 0Z . |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ r ɨɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0,5.
ɉɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫ. 2 –23, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɮɪɟɡɵ.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɮɪɟɡ ɩɨɞ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɝɨɥ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ
ω k |
= ωt . |
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Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɲɚɝ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ
P |
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ɉɪɢ Ȧt < 3˚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ, ɬ.ɟ.
Ȧk = 0 ɢ Ɋz = .
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ
Dw |
= da |
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− (0,4 ÷ 0,5)K. |
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ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ 0,4-0,5 ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ 2. 4.
ɍɝɨɥɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣɧɚɪɟɡɤɢɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ
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ω = arctg |
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w0 |
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ɒɚɝ ɜɢɬɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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Pw |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ |
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ψ = β ±ωt . |
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Ɂɧɚɤ «+» ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ |
ɜɢɬɤɨɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɢ |
ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, « - » – ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ ɩɨɞ ɲɟɜɟɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɜɹɤɚ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɚ-
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤ ɜɢɬɤɚɦ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɮɪɟɡ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ Įwo < 20˚ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Įɛ < 2˚ 30' ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɨɟ ɡɚɬɵɥɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ IJ=30˚. Ⱥ ɭɝɨɥ Įɛ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚ-
ɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
α |
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sin α |
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ɒɚɝ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ
P = π m. |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ |
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St |
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ɒɚɝ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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oc.0 |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɜ ɨɫɟɜɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ |
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Soc.0 = cosω |
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ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɮɪɟɡɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɲɩɨɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢ, ɞɥɢɧ ɩɪɨɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɬɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɡɚ-
ɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ (ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ.
2.4. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ ɲɥɢɰɟɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɜɢɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ: ɩɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦɭ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɜɚɥɚ, ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɲɥɢɰɟɜ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɟɡɵ, ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɟ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɟ ɢ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɚɥɵ ɫ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɬ-
ɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɫ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨ-
50
ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɨɪɟɡɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ-
ɤɚɦ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 2 (ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ 2. –2.3).
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ Įw0 ɩɪɢ-
ɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
Į. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ Ȧt
ɞɨ 3÷5˚. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɚɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɪɟɡɵ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɲɥɢɰɟɜ ɜɚɥɚ.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ Įw0 = Į, ɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɢ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɭɬ, ɢ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ St = Sn0, ɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ 2.76 ɩɪɢɦɟ-
ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨ-ɲɥɢɰɟɜɵɦ ɮɪɟɡɚɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ:
hy = ha |
− (0,5d sinα w |
− ρ p − δ ) sinα w . |
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(2. |
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29) |
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ɝɞɟ ȡp – ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɲɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ, |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ |
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɜɚɥɚ ɢ ɜɬɭɥɤɢ, |
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ |
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ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ .29. |
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2.5. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ
ɡɭɛɨɪɟɡɧɨɣ ɮɪɟɡɵ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ : . ȼɢɞɵ,
ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɛóɥɶɲɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ. Ɏɪɟɡɵ ɢɡɝɨ-
ɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɦɚɪɨɤ Ɋ6Ɇ5, Ɋ6Ɇ5Ʉ5, Ɋ9Ʉ5, Ɋ9Ʉ 0,
Ɋ 4Ɏ4 ȽɈɋɌ 9265–73. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟ-
ɦɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɒɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɨɪɟɡɧɵɯ ɮɪɟɡ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢɯ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.6.
5
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.6.
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɵ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɟɡɵ |
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ȺȺ |
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Ⱥ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
– |
3,5 |
ɋɜ |
– |
3,5 |
ɋɜ |
– |
3,5 |
0– |
– |
3,5 |
0– |
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ |
3,5 |
– 0 |
0– |
3,5 |
– 0 |
0– |
3,5 |
– 0 |
25 |
3,5 |
– 0 |
25 |
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ɒɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ Ra, ɦɤɦ |
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ɉɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɟ |
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ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨ- |
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ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
Ɂɚɞɧɹɹ ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ |
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ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
Ɂɚɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ- |
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ɧɨɫɬɶɧɚ ɜɟɪ- |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
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ɲɢɧɟ ɡɭɛɚ |
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ɐɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟ- |
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ɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ- |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
ɧɨɫɬɶɛɭɪɬɢɤɚ |
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Ɍɨɪɟɰ ɛɭɪɬɢɤɚ |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
0,8 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
,6 |
ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ Ra 2,5,
ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɚ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.6.
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɛɭɪɬɢ-
ɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ – h 6.
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.4, 2.7, 2.8.
52
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.7. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤ |
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ȺȺ |
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ɇ5 |
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ɇ6 |
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ |
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ɇ6 |
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ɇ7 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.8. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ, ɦɦ |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
–2 |
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ɋɜ. 2– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. 6– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. |
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3,5 |
3,5–6 |
0 |
0– 6 |
6–25 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ, ɦɤɦ |
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ȺȺ |
- 6 |
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-20 |
-25 |
-32 |
-40 |
-50 |
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Ⱥ |
-25 |
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-32 |
-40 |
-50 |
-63 |
-80 |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ |
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-32 |
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-40 |
-50 |
-63 |
-80 |
- 00 |
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ɋ |
-50 |
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-63 |
-80 |
- 00 |
- 25 |
- 60 |
ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 2.308-79 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ:
ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.9:
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.9.
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
–2 |
ɋɜ. 2– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. 6– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. |
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3,5 |
3,5–6 |
0 |
0– 6 |
6–25 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ, ɦɤɦ |
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Ɋɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ |
ȺȺ |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
ɛɢɟɧɢɟ |
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5 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
2 |
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Ⱥ |
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ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɜ |
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6 |
8 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
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ȼ |
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ɋ |
0 |
2 |
6 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɟ ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 2. 0: |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. 0. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
–2 |
ɋɜ. 2– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. 6– |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. |
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3,5 |
3,5–6 |
0 |
0– 6 |
6–25 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ, ɦɤɦ |
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Ɍɨɪɰɟɜɨɟ |
ȺȺ |
3 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
ɛɢɟɧɢɟ |
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4 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
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Ⱥ |
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ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɜ |
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4 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
2 |
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ȼ |
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ɋ |
8 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
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