Шпарагалки по некоторым разделам грамматики / Двойная шпора
..docВидовременные формы английского глагола в действительном залоге.
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Simple( Indefinite). |
Progressive (Continuous). |
Perfect . |
Perfect Progressive. |
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Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в настоящем времени. |
Процесс.(в настоящем времени.) |
Завершенность. |
Процесс происходящий уже в течении некоторого времени в настоящем, иногда в прошедшем. |
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P R Е S E N T. |
Usually, often, seldom, always, sometimes, every day(week, month), on Mondays, still, daily, never, regularly. |
Now, at the present moment, at this moment, right now, still, at 5 o’clock, always, constantly, all the time. |
Already, ever, never, YET, several times (often), rarely , always, recently(lately), Just, all day, since, for, this week, today, so far, up to now. |
Since 2 o’clock, for 2 hours already, for a long time, all day, (since I came here). |
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S+V1; Vs E.g.:I often write letters He often writes letters. |
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S+to be(am, is, are)+Particicile1(Ving ) I am writing a letter now. He is writing now. |
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S+have\has+Particile-11(V3, V ed). E.g.: I have just written a letter. |
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S+have/has+been+Ving. E.g.: He has been writing a letter since 2 o’clock. |
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S+don’t/doesn’t+ V1 I don’t write letters. He doesn’t write... |
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S+am not(aren’t/isn’t)+Ving. You aren’t written now. He isn’t writing now. |
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S+haven’t\hasn’t+V3, V ed . E.g.: I haven’t written a letter yet. He hasn’t written a letter yet. |
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S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+Ving. E.g.: He hasn’t been writing a letter all day. |
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Do/does+ S+ V1 ? Do I often write letters? Does he often write letters? ? k S? Who writes letters? |
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Am/is/are+S+Ving ? Are you writing now? Is he writing now? ?k S? Who is written now? |
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Have\has+S+V3, V ed?. E.g.:Has he already written a letter? ?k S? Who has written a letter? |
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Have/has+S+been+Ving. E.g.: Has he been writing a letter since 2 o’clock. ?k S? Who has been writing a letter all day. |
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Пишу обычно, часто, редко, всегда, иногда, каждый день, по понедельникам, ежедневно, всё ещё, никогда, регулярно. |
Пишу сейчас, в настоящий момент, прямо сейчас, всё ещё, в 5часов, всегда, постоянно, всё время (для выражения привычки.). |
Написал уже, когда-нибудь, никогда, ещё не, несколько раз, редко, всегда, недавно, только что, весь день, с, в течение, на этой неделе, сегодня. |
Пишу с 2 часов, в течение уже 2 часов, долго, весь день, с тех пор как я пришел. |
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P A S T. |
Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в прошлом. |
Процесс. (в прошедшем времени.) |
Завершенность(к наст. моменту есть результат д-я.) |
Процесс уже длящийся в течение некоторого периода времени в прошлом. |
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Yesterday, last weak(year, summer), in 2002, two years ago, the other day, just now, used to + инфинитив. |
At 5 o’clock, yesterday, when he came, still, while, just, as…as from…till. |
By 8 o’clock yesterday(last Monday), before, after, by that moment, ever, already, hardly. |
Yesterday for 2 hours, when he c?me, Since 2 o’clock yesterday. |
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S+ V2; Ved. E.g.: I wrote a letter yesterday. |
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S+to be(was\were)+Particile-1(Ving). E.g.: I was writing when my mother came. |
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S+had+Particile-11(V3, V ed ). E.g. He had written a letter by that moment. |
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S+had+been+Ving. Е.g.: He had been writing a letter since 2 o’clock yesterday |
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S+didn’t + V1. He didn’t write a letter last week. |
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S+wasn’t\weren’t +Ving . E.g.: He wasn’t still writing a letter. |
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S+hadn’t + V3, V ed . E.g. I hadn’t written a letter by 8o’clock yesterday. |
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S+hadn’t+been+Ving. E.g.:I hadn’t been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours. |
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Did +S+V1 ? Did he write a letter last week? ? k S? Who wrote a letter last week? |
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Was\were+S+Ving ? E.g.: Was I writing when he came? ? k S? Who was writing a letter when he come? |
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Had+S+ V3, V ed ? E.g.: Had he written a letter before she came? ? k S ?Who had written a letter by 8 o’clock? |
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Had+S+been+Ving. E.g.:Had he been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours? ? k S? E.g.: Who had been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours? |
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(На)писал вчера, на прошлой неделе, (в прошлом году, летом в 2002, два года назад, на днях, только что, раньше(когда- то,бывало) |
Писал в 5 часов вчера, когда он пришел, всё еще, в то самое время, с…до, всегда, постоянно(для выражения привычки). |
Написал(было написано) к 8 часам вчера(в прошлый понедельник), до того, после того как, к тому моменту, когда-нибудь, уже, едва. |
Писал вчера в течение 2 часов, когда он пришел, с 2 часов вечера. |
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F U T U R E. |
Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в будущем. |
Процесс(в определенный момент) в будущем. |
Завершенность.(до указанного момента в будущем.) |
Процесс длящийся в течение некоторого времени в будущем. |
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Tomorrow, next week, in a year(two days), the day after tomorrow, one of these days. |
At 5 o’clock tomorrow, when you come, from…till, Still. |
By that time tomorrow( the end of the year), when you come, before(after), at, by then. |
Since 2 o’clock tomorrow(next week), when he comes, for 2 hours already. |
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S+shall\will+V1. E.g.:I shall write a letter in two days. |
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S+shall/will+be+Particile-1(Ving) Eg:I shall be writing a letter at 3 o’clock tomorrow |
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S+shall/will+have+Particile-11 (V3, V ed ). E.g.:He will have written a latter by 3 o’clock tomorrow. |
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S+shall/will+have+been+Ving. E.g.: He will have been writing a letter when she comes. |
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S+shan’t\won’t+V1 . E.g.: He won’t write a letter tomorrow. |
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S+shan’t/won’t+be+Ving. E.g.:I shan’t be writing a letter when he comes. |
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S+shan’t/won’t+have+ V3, V ed . E.g.: He won’t have written a letter by the end of the day. |
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S+shan’t/won’t+have+been+Ving. E.g.: He won’t have been writing a letter when she comes. |
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Shall\will+S+V1 ? E.g.: Will he write a letter tomorrow? ? k S ? Who will write a letter tomorrow? |
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Shall/will+S+be+Ving. E.g.: Shall I be writing a letter when he comes? ?k S?Who will be writing a letter when he comes. |
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Shall/will+S+have+ V3, V ed ? Will he have written a letter by the end of the day? ?k S ? Who will have written a letter by the end of the day? |
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Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving? E.g.: Will he have been writing a letter since 2o’clock tomorrow??k S E.g.: Who will have been writing a letter when she comes. |
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Напишу(будy писать) завтра, на следующей неделе, через год (два дня), послезавтра, на днях, скоро(soon). |
Буду писать в 5 часов завтра, когда ты придешь, в это время, с…до, всё ещё. |
Напишeт(будет написано) к тому времени завтра,(к концу года), когда ты придешь, до(после) того, в, к тому времени. |
Будет писать с 2 часов завтра(на следующей неделе), когда он придет, в течение 2 часов. |
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Видовременные формы английского глагола в страдательном (пассивном) залоге.
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Simple( be+particle-11.) |
Progressive (be+being+Paricile-11.) |
Perfect (have+been+Particile-11.) |
Perfect |
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Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в настоящем времени.
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Процесс. (в настоящем времени.) |
Завершенность. |
Progressive.
Вместо отсутствующих форм используются формы
PERFECT.
См. предыдущее.
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P R Е S E N T |
Usually, often, seldom, always, sometimes, every day(week, month), on Mondays, still, daily, never, regularly. (V3, V ed) |
Now, at the present moment, at this moment, right now, still, at 5 o’clock, always, constantly, all the time. . (V3, V ed) |
Already, ever, never, YET, several times (often), rarely , always, recently(lately), Just, all day, since, for, this week, today, so far, up to now. |
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S+ to be(am, is, are)+ Particile-11 The letters are written every month |
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S+to be(am, is, are)+being+Particicile11 The letter is being written now. |
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S+have\has+been+Particile-11+ (V3, V ed) The letters have been just written. |
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S+am not(aren’t/isn’t)V3,Ved The letters aren’t written every day. |
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S+ am not(aren’t/isn’t)+being+ V3,Ved The letter isn’t being written now. |
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S+haven’t\hasn’t+been+(V3, V ed) The letters haven’t been written yet. |
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Am/is/are+S+ V3, V ed ? Are the letters written every month? ? k S? What are written every month? |
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Am/is/are+S+being+V3,Ved ? Is the test being written now? ?k S? What is being written now? |
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Have\has+S+been+(V3, V ed) . Have the letters been written? ?k S? What have been written? |
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Пишут обычно, часто, редко, всегда, иногда, каждый день, по понедельникам, ежедневно, всё ещё, никогда, регулярно. |
Пишут сейчас, в настоящий момент, прямо сейчас, всё ещё, в 5часов, всегда, постоянно, всё время (для выражения привычки.). |
Написали уже, когда-нибудь, никогда, ещё не, несколько раз, редко, всегда, недавно, только что, весь день, с, в течение, на этой неделе, сегодня. |
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P A S T |
Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в прошедшем времени. |
Процесс. (в прошедшем времени.) |
Завершенность. (к указанному моменту в прошлом.) |
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Yesterday, last weak(year, summer), in 2002, two years ago, the other day, just now |
At 5 o’clock, yesterday, when he came, still, while, just, as…as from…till. |
By 8 o’clock yesterday(last Monday), before, after, by that moment, ever, already, hardly. |
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S+to be(was,were)+Particile-11 The letter was written yesterday. |
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S+to be(was\were)+being+Particile-11 The letter was being written at that time. |
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S+had+been+Particile-11+ V3, V ed . E.g. The test had been written by that moment. |
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S+wasn’t/weren’t +.V3, V ed. The letter wasn’t written last time. |
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S+wasn’t\weren’t +being+ V3, V ed . The letter wasn’t being written when he come. |
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S+hadn’t +been+ V3, V ed . E.g. The letter hadn’t been written before he come. |
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Was\were+S+V3, V ed ? Was the letter written last time? ? k S? What was written last time? |
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Was\were+S+being+V3, V ed ? Was the letter being written when he come? ? k S? What was being written when he come? |
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Had+S+been+ V3, V ed ? E.g. Had the letter been written before he come? ? k S ?What had been written before he come? |
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Написали(был написан) вчера, на прошлой неделе, (в прошлом году, летом в 2002, два года назад, на днях, только чт |
Писали в 5 часов вчера, когда он пришел, всё еще, в то самое время, с…до, всегда, постоянно(для выражения привычки). |
Написали(было написано) к 8 часам вчера(в прош- лый понедельник), до того, после того как, к тому моменту, когда-нибудь, уже, едва. |
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F U T U R E |
Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в будущем. |
В место отсутствующей Формы Future progressive Употребляется форма Future Simple. |
Завершенность. (до указанного момента в будущем.) |
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Tomorrow, next week, in a year(two days), the day after tomorrow, one of these days. |
By that time tomorrow( the end of the year), when you come, before(after), at, by then. |
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S+shall\will+be+Particile-11 The test will be written in a week. |
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S+shall/will+have+been+Particile-11 (V3, V ed ). The test will have been written by this time tomorrow. |
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S+shan’t\won’t+be+ V3, V ed . The test won’t be written tomorrow. |
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S+shan’t/won’t+have+been+ V3, V ed . The test won’t have been written before he comes. |
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Shall\will+S+be+ V3, V ed ? Will the test be written in a week? ? k S ? What will be written in a week? |
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Shall/will+S+have+been+ V3, V ed ? Will the test have been written by then ? ?k S ? What have been written when he comes? |
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Напишут(будет написан) завтра, на следующей неделе, через год (два дня), послезавтра, на днях, скоро(soon). |
Напишут(будет написано) к тому времени завтра,(к концу года), когда ты придешь, до(после) того, в, к тому времени. |
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Изменение времени глагола в Indirect Speech.
Main couse: He said, that he...
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Direct. |
Indirect. |
Now/then |
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Pr. Simple( Wtite(S)) |
Past Simple(wrote(S)) |
Here/there |
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Pr. Progressive(is writing now) |
Past progressive(was writing then) |
This;these/that;those. |
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Pr. Perfect(have/has written) |
Past Perfect(had written) |
Today/that day |
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Pr.Perf.Progressive(has been writing) |
PastPerf.Progressive(had been writing) |
Tomorrow/(the) following day, |
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Past Simple(wrote) |
Past Perfect( had written) |
Yesterday/the day before |
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Past Progressive(was written) |
Past Progressive(was written) |
Ago/before. |
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Past Perfect( had written) |
Past Perfect( had written) |
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Past Perfect Progr(had been writing) |
Past Perfect Progr(had been writing) |
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Future Simple(will write) |
Future in the past(should/would write) |
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Future Progr(will be writing) |
Fut.Progr. in the past( Would be writng) |
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Future Perfect(will have writing) |
Fut.perf. in the past(would have written) |
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Fut. Perf.Progr(will have been writing) |
Fut.Perf.Progr. in the past(would have been writing) |
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