книги / Texts and practical assignments for stylistic pre-translation analysis

Unit 6. Official Style. Instructions for Use

1. Compare the English and Russian versions of the text below. What domestic appliance are the instructions about?

Instructions for use	Руководство по эксплуатации
Contents	Содержание
Installation, 2-3	Установка, 2-3
Unpacking and levelling	Распаковка и нивелировка
Connecting the electricity and water	Подключение к водопроводу и электричеству
supplies
The first wash cycle	Первый цикл стирки
Technical data	Технические характеристики
Description of the washing machine	Описание стиральной машины и порядка за-
and starting a wash cycle, 4-5	пуска программы, 4-5
Control panel	Панель управления
Indicator lights	Индикаторы
Starting a wash cycle	Порядок запуска программы
Wash cycles, 6	Программы, 6
Table of wash cycles	Таблица программ
Personalisation, 7	Персонализированные настройки, 7
Setting the temperature	Регулировка температуры
Functions	Дополнительные функции
Detergents and laundry, 8	Моющие средства и типы белья, 8
Detergent dispenser drawer	Распределитель моющих средств
Bleach cycle	Отбеливание
Preparing the laundry	Подготовка белья
Garments requiring special care	Изделия, требующие деликатной стирки
Load balancing system	Система балансировки белья
Precautions and tips, 9	Предосторожности и рекомендации, 9
General safety	Общие требования к безопасности
Disposal	Утилизация
Care and maintenance, 10	Техническое обслуживание и уход, 10
Cutting off the water or electricity	Отключение воды и электрического тока
supply
Cleaning the washing machine	Уход за стиральной машиной
Cleaning the detergent dispenser	Уход за распределителем моющих средств
drawer
Caring for the door and drum of your	Уход за люком и барабаном
appliance
Cleaning the pump	Уход за насосом
Troubleshooting	Поиск неисправностей и методы их
Adapted form:	Adapted from:
http://www.indesit.ru/indesit/_pdf/man	https://f.ua/statik/files/products/indesit/pwe-
uals/19507577802_RU.pdf	71271-w-eu_6397.pdf

2. Compare the English and Russian versions of the instructions for use. What are the differences on the lexical, grammatical, and syntactical levels?

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Precautions and tips	Предосторожности и рекомендации
This washing machine was designed	Стиральная машина спроектирована и изго-
and constructed in accordance with in-	товлена в соответствии с международными
ternational safety regulations. The fol-	нормативами по безопасности. Необходимо
lowing information is provided for	внимательно прочитать настоящие предупре-
safety reasons and must therefore be	ждения, составленные в целях вашей безо-
read carefully.	пасности.

General safety	Общие требования к безопасности
This appliance was designed for do-	Данное изделие предназначено исключитель-
mestic use only.	но для домашнего использования.
The washing machine must only be	Стиральной машиной должны пользоваться
used by adults, in accordance with the	только взрослые лица, соблюдающие инст-
instructions provided in this manual.	рукции, приведенные в данном техническом
	руководстве.
Do not touch the machine when bare-	Не прикасайтесь к изделию влажными рука-
foot or with wet or damp hands or feet.	ми, босиком или во влажной одежде.
Do not pull on the power supply cable	Не тяните за сетевой кабель для отсоединения
when unplugging the appliance from	изделия из электророзетки, возьмитесь за
the electricity socket. Hold the plug	вилку рукой.
and pull.
Do not open the detergent dispenser	Не открывайте распределитель порошка в
drawer while the machine is in opera-	процессе стирки.
tion.
Do not touch the drained water as it	Избегайте контактов со сливаемой водой, так
may reach extremely high tempera-	как она может быть очень горячей.
tures.
Never force the porthole door. This	Категорически запрещается открывать люк
could damage the safety lock mecha-	силой: это может привести к повреждению
nism designed to prevent accidental	защитного механизма, предохраняющего от
opening.	случайного открытия машины.
If the appliance breaks down, do not	В случае неисправности категорически
under any circumstances access the in-	запрещается открывать внутренние механиз-
ternal mechanisms in an attempt to re-	мы изделия с целью их самостоятельного ре-
pair it yourself.	монта.
Always keep children well away from	Избегайте контактов детей с работающей
the appliance while it is operating. The	стиральной машиной. В процессе стирки люк
door can become quite hot during the	стиральной машины может нагреться.
wash cycle.
If the appliance has to be moved, work	При необходимости переместить стиральную
in a group of two or three people and	машину следует выполнять эту операцию
handle it with the utmost care. Never	вдвоем или втроем с предельной осторожно-
try to do this alone, because the appli-	стью. Никогда не перемещайте машину в
ance is very heavy.	одиночку, так как машина очень тяжелая.
Before loading laundry into the wash-	Перед загрузкой в стиральную машину белья
ing machine, make sure the drum is	проверьте, чтобы барабан был пуст.
empty.
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Disposal	Утилизация
Disposing of the packaging materials:	Уничтожение упаковочных материалов: со-
observe local regulations so that the	блюдайте местные нормативы с целью по-
packaging may be re-used.	вторного использования упаковочных
	материалов.
The European Directive 2002/96/EC on	Согласно Европейской директиве 2002/96/СЕ
Waste Electrical and Electronic	касательно утилизации электронных и элек-
Equipment, requires that old household	трических электроприборов электроприборы
electrical appliances must not be dis-	не должны выбрасываться вместе с обычным
posed of in the normal unsorted munic-	городским мусором. Выведенные из строя
ipal waste stream. Old appliances must	приборы должны собираться отдельно для
be collected separately in order to op-	оптимизации их утилизации и рекуперации
timise the recovery and recycling of the	составляющих их материалов, а также для
materials they contain and reduce	безопасности окружающей среды и здоровья.
the impact on human health and the
environment.
The crossed out "wheeled bin" symbol	Символ зачеркнутая мусорная корзинка,
on the product reminds you of your ob-	имеющийся на всех приборах, служит напо-
ligation, that when you dispose of the	минанием об их отдельной утилизации.
appliance it must be separately collect-
ed.

3. Read and translate general guidelines for user manuals. What steps can be added?

Make sure the instructions actually map on to the product in all respects.

Include a one-page quick start guide.

Present instructions as step-by-step procedures.

Tell the user what functions there are, and what they are for – not just how to use them...

...but avoid marketing waffle (they already bought the product!)

Ensure that the writers are part of the product design team.

Make sure the writers have the product, understand the product, and actually use the product as they write.

Consider the needs of disabled users (i.e., low vision, colour-blind) and provide alternative manuals in Braille, large print, audio etc.

User-test the product and the user manual with real users (including disabled

users).

Adapted from: www.blueprintusability.com/articleusermanuals/

4. Write instructions for use of some home appliance. Don’t give the name of the appliance, your fellowmates will read and guess.

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Unit 7. Publicistic Style and Oratorical Substyle. Speeches

1. Go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhE and listen to the famous speech by Martin Luther King “I Have a Dream”. What is the goal of the speech? How does the speaker structure his address to convey the message to the audience?

2. Explain which parts of utterances are repeated using examples in the right column:

	Syntactical stylistic devices
1.	Anaphora	A.	а… . а… . а… .
2.	Epiphora	B.	… а. … а. … а.
3.	Framing (ring repetition)	C. а…а. а…а. а…а.
4.	Anadiplosis (catch repetition)	D.	… а. а… .
5.	Anadiploses (chain repetition)	E.	… а.а… | …b.b… | …c.c…

3. Which syntactical stylistic devices (repetitions) are used in the examples below?

A great desire of peace – peace of no matter what kind – swept through them. Supposing he was there. Supposing he did it.

To behave in this way would be to slight a lady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry, and chivalry is a part of my character.

I wake up and I am alone. I walk around the village and I am alone.

He ran away from the battle. He was an ordinary human being, so he ran away from the battle.

4. Give definitions of parallelism and chiasmus using the examples of these syntactical stylistic devices in the right column:

Parallelism	He was soft. He was foolish.
	The seeds you sow –
	Another reaps.
	The robes you wear –
	Another wears.
Chiasmus (reversed	Tom Ramsey knew everybody and everybody knew Tom
parallel construction)	Ramsey.

Down dropped the breeze, the sails dropped down.

5.Look at the examples below, what can speakers use rhetoric questions

for:

What am I? A simple worker. What was I before? Nothing.

6. Match the types of lexico-syntactical stylistic devices and the examples. Give definitions of the stylistic devices and translate the examples:

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		Some lexico-syntactical stylistic devices
1. Climax		A. Some people have much to live on and little to live for.
		Mrs. Nook had a large home and a small husband.
		(Compare: hell and paradise, light and heavy, etc.)
2.	Anticli-	B. It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fairy city, a gem of
max		a city.
3.	Antithe-	C. Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can
sis		discover everything – except obvious.

7. Match the three pillars of public speaking with their explanations using arrows:

Ethos

Pathos

Logos

Credibility of the speaker, or ethical appeal to the audience

Logical argument

Appeal to the emotions of the audience

8. Read the address below delivered by U.S. President F.D. Roosevelt. When did he deliver the speech? Carry out the stylistic pre-translation analysis of the speech, mark types of information using +, ++, -:

Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation

Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:

Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. …

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

… Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. …

As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.

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No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.

Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.

I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

Adapted from: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm; http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/tag/speech-examples/

9. What stylistic devices are used in the address above? Give examples.

10. Give examples of detachments (e.g. He tried – but all in vain). What is the role of detachments in the speech?

11. Translate the speech into Russian trying to render the stylistic devices

used.
12.	Listen	to	three	speeches	by	Steve	Jobs	via

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqBCNaVhM7Y and answer the questions below:

		Story 1	Story 2	Story 3
1)	Topic
2)	Examples of stylistic devices
3)	Grade the speech against:
logos
ethos
pathos

13. Write a speech of your own. Make an ample and proper use of stylistic devices. Exchange and grade the speeches of your fellowmates against the fol-

lowing criteria:
	Exc.	Good	Sat.
Logical structure
Use of stylistic devices
Persuasiveness

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Unit 8. Publicistic Style. Advertising

1A. Analyze the text below, find examples and identify the role of:

‒detachments (or parceling);

‒stereotyped images;

‒questions;

‒and buzzwords, or popular words.

If you are looking for a luxury vehicle, what are you really looking for? An available 500 horse power engine? A manual V8? Or just an attractive interior? With the new SL 400 Coupe, you can evolve these things. In the rain. And in the snow. This is a Mercedes. And that is a new SL 400.

1B. Translate into Russian. Compare your translation with those of your fellowmates.

2. Put down the name of the relevant lexico-stylistic device in the respective column and give definitions of the devices:

epithet, hyperbole, oxymoron

1	2	3
 I’ll give the whole world	 Hot winter	Dead silence
for that!	 Eternity of seconds	Wild wind (vs. wild animal)
 I have told it to you a	 To cry silently	“Do-it-yourself” attitude
thousand times!	 To shout voicelessly

3. Put down the names of the lexico-stylistic devices below in the respective column and give definitions of the devices:

zeugma, pun, semantically false chain, violation of phraseological units

1	2	3	4
 But she heard and	 He lost his keys	 Waiter, what is it?	 Little John was
remembered discus-	and his temper.	 It’s been soup.	born with a silver
sions of Freud, Chi-	 Clara was not a	 No matter what it	spoon in his mouth
nese lyrics, naturali-	narrow woman either	has been. What is it	which was rather
zation of minds,	in mind or in body.	now?	curly and large.
Christian sciences,	 Students shared
and fishing in Ontar-	books and opinions.
io.

4. What stylistic devices are used in the advertising slogans below:

Phonetic expressive means and devices

alliteration = the use of the same sound or sounds, especially consonants, at the beginning of several words

onomatopoeia = imitating some natural sounds

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1.	Cats like Felix like Felix.	1989
2.	Hand-built by robots.	1979
3.	The Best a Man Can Get	1989
4.	My goodness, my Guinness!	1936
5.	If you want to get ahead, get a hat.	1934
6.	Beanz meanz Heinz.	1967
7.	Grace ... space ... pace	1950s
8.	Finger lickin' good.	1952

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9.

Have a break. Have a Kit-Kat.

1957

10. When it rains, it pours!

1911

11.	The future's bright. The future's Or-	1994
	ange.

12.	Lipsmackin' thirstquenchin' acetastin'	1974
	motivatin' goodbuzzin' cooltalkin'
	highwalkin' fastlivin' evergivin'
	coolfizzin' Pepsi.
13.	Labour isn't working	1978

Adapted from: http://www.adslogans.co.uk/site/pages/home/hall-of-fame.php

5. Write an advertisement using stylistic devices. Exchange with your fellowmates. Translate into Russian and compare.

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SUPPLEMENTS

Supplement 1. Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices

Below are just some of expressive means and stylistic devices and their definitions. The list is by no means exhaustive.

Phonetic expressive means

alliteration

onomatopoeia

=the use of the same sound or sounds, especially consonants, at the beginning of several words:

e.g. lip-licking flavor.

=imitating some natural sounds:

e.g. coolfizzin' Pepsi.

Lexico-stylistic devices based on the interaction between the dictionary and the contextual meanings of lexical units

metaphor

personification

metonymy

irony

sarcasm

antonomasia

=is a relation between the dictionary and the contextual meanings based on the similarity of certain properties:

e.g. Time was bleeding away.

=is a certain type of metaphor when likeness is between an inanimate object and some human qualities:

e.g. mother nature.

=is based on some association between some part and the whole:

e.g. Lend me your ears! I am all ears.

Names of inventors can be used metonymically:

I bought a sandwich yesterday (Lord Sandwich is credited with creating this sort of fast food).

=is when the dictionary and contextual meanings are in opposition to each other for the purpose of ridicule:

e.g. How well she sang! I wanted to flee from the place!

=is bitter, social and political irony:

e.g. Of course, our living conditions will improve now when our salaries are cut.

= a proper name is used instead of a common noun or vice versa: e.g. He is a real Plushkin.

Lexico-stylistic devices based on the interaction between the lexical and emotive meanings of lexical units

epithet

hyperbole

=is based on the interplay of the emotive and lexical meanings in an attributive or adverbial word, phrase, or even sentence used to characterize an object with the aim of giving some individual perception and evaluation,

e.g. dead silence (vs. dead body), wild wind (vs. wild animal), do-it- yourself attitude

=is a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration,

e.g. I’ll give the whole world for that!

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