книги / Английский язык для горных инженеров

ГРАММАТИКА Разделительный вопрос

Подлежа­		Повествовательное предложение
		Сказуемое	Второстепенные	Краткий вопрос
щее			члены
			предложения
This	1+	1is a good idea,		ГП	isn't it?
You	ГП are Mr. Smith,			ГП	aren't you?
She	Г	П has got	a new car,	ГП	hasn't she?
You	П	haven't	any brothers,	ГП	have you?
You	E E	like	her,	ГЛ	don't you?
They	p~] don't understand		us,	ГЛ	do they?
He	Г +	speaks1	English,	П	doesn't he?
You	F~| didn't see		him yesterday,	ГП	did you?
Life	Г+1 will be very different		in a hundred	ГЛ	won't it?
			years' time,

Разделительный вопрос, как показано в таблице, состоит из утвердительного или отрицательного предложения и краткого во­ проса, имеющего то же подлежащее, что и предложение (всегда местоимение), и вспомогательный глагол.

Если предложение отрицательное, то краткий вопрос утвер­ дительный, и наоборот — если предложение утвердительное, то краткий вопрос содержит отрицание. (См. знаки Щ и И в табли­ це.) Краткий вопрос переводится на русский язык обычно как «не так ли», «не правда ли». Последнее предложение в таблице следует перевести: «Жизнь через 100 лет будет непохожей на ны­ нешнюю, не правда ли?» (Переведите самостоятельно остальные примеры в таблице.)

Разделительные вопросы широко используются в устной речи. Значение вопроса меняется в зависимости от того, как вы произно­ сите вопросительную часть. Если голос повышается, то это обычный общий вопрос, который требует ответа «да» или «нет» и содержит от­ тенок удивления, заинтересованности и т.п.

— You haven’t seen your manager today, îhave you? (=Have you seen your manager?)

— Вы не видели своего управляющего сегодня, не правда ли?

— No, I am afraid not.

— Боюсь, что нет.

Если вопрос произносится с понижением голоса, то говоря­ щий уверен в том, что он утверждает, и просит собеседника подтвердить это.

— You are free tonight,	— Вы ведь сегодня вече-
4- aren’t you?	ром свободны.
— Yes, I am.	— Да.

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

21.а) Прочитайте вслух следующие слова:

[æ]— 'graduate, 'value, 'language, 'practical

[л]— 'number, 'study, 'other, thus, us,,under'graduate, industrial, 'structural

[ai] — de'sign, de'signer, mine, 'mining, 'science, hy'draulic, pro'vide, kind, higher

[f]— 'physical, 'physics, phone

[k]	— me'chanical,		'chemist,	'chemistry, me'chanics, techno ­
	logy, 'chemical
111	— ma'chine, ma'chinery,			shape,	'specialist
	б)	Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:
know Inou) — knowledge ['nolid3]
specialize		[ 'spe/alaiz] — specialization			[.spejalai'zeifn]
require [ri'kwaia] — requirement [ri'kwaismant]
introduce		[,intra'dju:s]	— introduction		[,intra'dAk/(a)n]

22. Прочитайте следующие слова и сочетании 1-2 раза про себа, затем вслух и постарайтесь запомнить их.

change [tjemd3] v изменяться), ме­ няться); syn. transform, alter; n изменение, перемена; прев­ ращение

composition Lkompa'ziJOn] n струк­ тура, состав

connect [ka'nekt] v соединять(ся); syn combine, link

deal [di:l] (dealt) v (with) иметь де­ ло с; рассматривать

demand [di'ma:nd] п зд. спрос design [di'zain] п проект; план,

чертеж; конструкция; v проек­ тировать, планировать; кон­ струировать

determine [di'toimin] v определять, устанавливать

engineering [#end3i'niarip] п техника; технология; машиностроение;

syn. technics, technology; tech­

nique; machinery

enterprise ['entopraiz] n предприятие; предприимчивость

environment [in'vaiaranmant] n окру­ жающая обстановка; среда

field [fi:ld] n область, сфера деятель­ ности; поле, участок, месторож­ дение; бассейн; syn. basin, branch

graduate ['gracdjueitj v окончить (высшее учебное заведение);

амер. окончить любое учебное заведение; ['grædjuit] л ли­ цо,окончившее высшее учеб­ ное заведение; undergraduate (student) студент последнего курса; postgraduate (student) аспирант; graduation paper

дипломная работа

hardware ['ha:dwea] л аппаратура, (аппаратное) оборудование, аппаратные средства; техниче­ ское обеспечение

hydraulic1 [hai'drorlik] а гидравли­ ческий, гидротехнический introduction [,mtra'dAkJ(3)n] п вве­

дение, вступление management ['mænid3mant] л

управление, заведование; syn. administration; direction

offer I'ote] v предлагать (помощь, работу); предоставлять; л пред­ ложение

property ['ргэрэи] л свойство protection [ргэ 4ekJ(a)n] л защита,

охрана

range [гешбз] л область, сфера; предел; диапазон; радиус дейст­ вия; ряд; серия

recreation [,rekn'eij(d)n] л отдых, восстановление сил; развлечение reveal [n'vi:l] v показывать, обна­

руживать

rock [гэк] л горная порода shape [Jeip] л форма

software ['softwes] л программное обеспечение; программные средст­ ва

skill [skll] л мастерство; умение; skilled а квалифицированный; опытный; умелый

survey ['ssrveij л съемка, маркшей­ дерская съемка; [ss'vei] v произ­ водить маркшейдерскую или то­ пографическую съемку, произво­ дить изыскания; л surveying съемка, маркшейдерские работы

thus [ÔAS] odv таким образом

value ['vælju:] л ценность, стои­ мость; величина; v ценить, оце­ нивать; valuable а ценный

workshop ['wdikjop] л мастерская, цех; семинар

to be of importance иметь значение

to give an opportunity of дать возможность

to meet the requirements удовлетворять требованиям (потребности)

23. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:

special institutes; geologists and mining engineers; mechanical and electrical engineers; social sciences; specialized subjects; the type of specialization and qualification; theoretical courses; eco­ nomic geology; structural geology; to prospect for minerals; skilled engineering specialists; mining operations; mining technology; hy­ draulic engineering; electrical engineering; industrial electronics; mine machinery laboratories; control systems; rock mechanics; the use of computers; mineral dressing; mining research and its practi­ cal application; prospecting parties

24. Прочитайте текст Б и найдите в нем предложения, в которых гово­ рится о том: 1) что изучает геология; 2) какие основные дисциплины должны изучать будущие геологи и горные инженеры:

ТЕКСТ Б

Mining and Geological Higher Education in Russia

In Russia young people get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore min­ ing. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time students, part-time students and postgraduate students.

Russian higher educational establishments offer different spe­ cializations for the students. Thus, at the geological institutes, the students specialize in geology, the science which deals with differ­ ent problems connected with the Earth, its history, the study of rocks, their physical and chemical properties. One of the main tasks of geology is to prospect, discover and study the deposits of useful minerals.

Geology is both a theoretical and an applied science. Mining ge­ ology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, min­ ing geology includes economic geology.

The outstanding Russian geologist V.A. Obruchev says that geol­ ogy is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology helps prospect for ores, coal, oil, salt and other useful minerals.,

Higher mining schools (universities, academies, institutes and colleges) develop a wide range of courses and programmes that meet the requirements of the society. They offer courses in mining tech­ nology, machinery and transport, hydraulic engineering, electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, surveying, geodesy, information technology, etc.

The main trend in the development of higher mining education is the introduction of courses in environmental protection, manage­ ment (environmental human resources), economics and manage­ ment of mining enterprises, marketing1 studies, computer-aided design (CAD)1 and others.

Computer science is also of great importance. The course aims at providing students with understanding how software and hardware technology helps solving problems.

Laboratory work is an important part in training specialists. Ex­ periments in laboratories and workshops will help students to de­ velop their practical skills. They have a short period of field work to gain working experience.

The students go through practical training at mines, plants and other industrial enterprises. They become familiar with all stages of production and every job from worker to engineer. Here they get practical knowledge and experience necessary for their diploma (graduation) papers.

A lot of students belong to students’ scientific groups. They take part in the research projects which their departments usually con­ duct. Postgraduates carry out research in different fields of science and engineering.

Sport centres give the students opportunities to play different sports such as tennis, football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, skiing, water polo, boxing, wrestling and others.

Students graduate from mining and geological higher schools as mining engineers, mining mechanical engineers, ecologists, mining electrical engineers, geologists, economists and managers for mining industry.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ Б
1. marketing n — (маркетинг) процесс	выявления и удовлетворения спроса
на изделия компании
2. computer-aided design (CAD) — автоматизированное проектирование
•menu -алее, -tion ■ прилагательные с суффиксами -а/, -ел/, - Д			-/с, -able.
Существительные		Прилагательные
-ist -ment -апсе -tion	-al	-ent -fui -ic	-able

26.Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

mining engineers ore mining full-time students part-time students

postgraduate students theoretical science applied science mineral deposits structural geology practical skills practical training

higher mining schools mining technology hydraulic engineering electrical engineering industrial electronics information technology environmental protection human resources computer science '

hardware/software technology diploma paper

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

27.Ответьте на следующие вопроси:

1.Where can one get mining education in Russia?

2.What does geology study?

3.How did Obruchev define (определять) geology?

4.Does geology deal only with prospecting for useful minerals?

5.What specializations does the Mining Institute offer?

6.What subjects do the students study?

7.Where do the students go through practical training?

8.What does the computer course aim at?

9.Do the students play sports?

28.а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочета­

ний слов.

1. physical and chemical pro­			а)	широкий круг проблем
	perties		б) ценные месторождения по­
2. the deposits of useful				лезных ископаемых
	minerals		в) горный инженер-механик
3. a wide range of problems			г) вести научно-исследова­
4. valuable deposits			д)	тельскую работу
5. mining mechanical engineer				принимать форму
6. to carry out scientific			е) техническое и программное
	research		ж)	обеспечение
7. take shape				студенты (последнего
8. undergraduates			з)	курса)
9.	graduation paper			дипломная работа
10. hardware and software			и) физические и химические
				свойства
			к) месторождение полезных
				ископаемых
	б)	Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих сочета­
ний слов:
1.	оканчивать институт		а) to train gelogists and mining
2.	поступать в университет			engineers
3.	получать образование		б) to gain experience
4.	готовить геологов и гор­		в) to play different sports
5.	ных инженеров		r) students* scientific groups
	высшие горные учебные		д) to graduate from the institute
6.	заведения		е) to get education \
	приобретать опыт		ж)	to enter university
7.	студенческие научные об­		з) higher mining schools
	щества

8.заниматься различными видами спорта

29. Подберите к существительным из списки А соответствующие прила гательные из списка Б:

А.	1. properties	Б.	a)	basic
	2. workers		б)	rich
	3. development		в)	practical
4.equipment			r) prominent (outstanding)
5. ore			д)	rapid*
6. subjects			е)	reliable
7. training			ж)	skilled
8. scientist			з)	valuable
9. minerals			и)	physical
30.	Переведите	предложения, обращая внимание на значение местои­
мения both и союза both... and.
Местоимение			Парный союз
both оба		both ... and		и ... и, как	так и

1. In Russia, young people get mining education both at special colleges and at mining departments of universities.

2.Practical work both in the field and in drawing classes is very important for the future surveyor.

3.The mining institutes design their courses to give attention both to basic engineering and mathematics. Both subjects are of great importance for the future engineer.

4. The library has both scientific books and journals.

5.A new institute will train both geologists and mining engi­

neers.

6.Both methods of prospecting are in use.

31. Составьте 3 разделительных вопроса по каждому образцу.

Образец 1: These are your new group-mates,- aren’t they? Образец 2: You have got a lot of books on geology, haven’t you? Образец 3: She hasn’t got any sisters or brothers, has she?

Образец 4: You understand me, don’t you?

Образец 5: You don’t know this man, do you? Образец 6: She likes to play sports, doesn’t she?

Образец 7: You didn’t go to the party yesterday, did you? Образец 8: She told you about a change in our plan, didn’t she?

32.Дополните разделительные вопросы по образцу.

Образец:

Geology is both a theoretical and applied science, isn’t it? You don’t take part in this research project, do you?

1 - You area’t a student,_________ ?
- No, I’m a teacher.
2. Many students	at your institute play different	sports,
?
3. All your students know the name of the outstanding		Russian
geologist Obruchev,	.______?

4.He isn’t a full-time student,__________ ?

5.You passed all your exams last year,_________ ?

6.She graduated from the institute two years ago,_______ ?

7.You don’t speak English,_________ ?

8.This is your teacher of English,__________ ?

33.Прочитайте текст В без словари. Кратко суммируйте его содержание.

ТЕКСТ В

In pre-revolutionary Russia there were several higher mining schools which trained geologists and mining engineers. The oldest Russian school of mining was in St.Petersburg, where some wellknown scientists taught: A.P. Karpinsky, B.I. Boky and others. Among the famous scientists who lectured at the Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) Mining Institute was Professor I.K. Sobolevsky, whose subject was mine surveying and geodesy.

The Technological Institute in Tomsk was opened in 1900. It was the oldest industrial and cultural centre of Siberia. The Tomsk Tech­ nological Institute had three departments: engineering, chemical and mining. The Don Polytechnic Institute founded in Novocherkassk in 1907 also had a mining department. In 1916 a new Mining Institute in Yekaterinburg came into existence.

The total number of students did not exceed two thousand with only 60 to 70 mining engineers who graduated from mining institutes each year. That was far below the number needed. It was quite obvious that the small number of these institutions could not cope with the problem of training specialists in the field of mining and geology. Little

wonder that there was a shortage of mining engineers and geologists in the mining regions of pre-revolutionary Russia.

After the Revolution the Moscow Mining Academy was the first higher mining educational establishment. In the early thirties the Academy established close contacts with the coal, oil and ore mining industries. The Academy’s scientists carried out research in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, in the Donbas and in other indus­ trial areas.

The need for geologists and mining engineers increased so much that the Academy could not cope with the problem of train­ ing a large number of specialists for the country. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy were the Moscow Mining Institute, the Oil Institute, the Institute of Geological Prospecting and others.

In 1950 a new mining institute appeared in Kemerovo, the centre of the coal and chemical industries in West Siberia. The In­ stitute trained mining engineers for the coal and ore mining indus­ tries of the Kuzbas. Later the Kemerovo Mining Institute was transformed into the Polytechnic Institute which is now one of the largest and most important engineering colleges in West Siberia.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

34. Найдите в каждом абзаце текста предложение, выражающее его ос­ новную мысль.

35. Прочитайте первые два абзаца текста н перечислите все горные вузы, которые имелись в дореволюционной России.

36. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых дается оценка дея­ тельности старейших горных вузов России.

37. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и сочетаний слов:

высшие учебные заведения; известные ученые; основы-вать; контингент студентов; справляться с (чем-л.); не удиви-тельно, что; недостаток горных инженеров и геологов; в на-чале 30-х годов; проводить исследования; к тому времени; большое количество; среди новых институтов; появляться; горнорудная промышленность; преобразовывать

38. Дополните следующие вопросы и дайте ответы по тексту.

l.How m any__________ in pre-revolutionary Russia?

2. W here__________ the oldest Russian school of mining?

3. What well-known	_________ taught at St.Petersburg
School of Mining?	\

4.What subject__________ Professor Sobolevsky_________ ?

5.When __________ a mining institute in Yekaterinburg

__________ into existence?

6. _________ a shortage of mining engineers and geologists in pre-revolutionary Russia?

7.What new mining institute __________ in 1950 in Kemerovo?

39. Определите, какой из трех заголовков лучше всего соответствует содержанию текста В:

1.Mining Education in Russia.

2.Mining Education in Siberia and the Far East.

3.The Development of Mining Education in Russia.

40. я) Переведите текст со словарем:

In his book “Reminiscences of a Mining Engineer” Academician A.M. Terpigorev writes: “What I want to say to the young people of our country is: ‘Love your work, put your heart and soul, all your knowledge and ability into it, and above all, never shirk small jobs, for it is small things that make up a great accomplishment. Be true patriots!

‘If you love your people, if you link up your whole life with them and give them all your energy and knowledge, the people will respond with love and recognition. That is the conclusion I have drawn from my own life.’ ”

6) Внрвзмте свое отношение к словам А.М. Терпнгорева.