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3. Make up the Genitive plural forms of the following adjectives:
1) dexter, tra, trum |
7) articulāris, e |
2) inferior, ius |
8) mucōsus, a, um |
3) laterālis, e |
9) thoracĭcus, a, um |
4) internus, a, um |
10) temporālis, e |
5) commūnis, e |
11) superior, ius |
6) latus, a, um |
12) longissĭmus, a, um |
4. Make up the Genitive plural forms:
vas lymphatĭcum superficiāle; nervus craniālis;
vena pulmonālis; cornu minus; processus transversus; concha nasālis; valvŭla semilunāris.
IV. VOCABULARY |
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1. |
articulatĭo, ōnis f |
joint |
2. |
auriculāris, e |
auricular |
3. |
chiasma, ătis n |
chiasm |
4. |
craniālis, e |
cranial |
5. |
extensor, ōris m |
extensor |
6. |
fibulāris, e |
fibular |
7. |
flavus, a, um |
yellow |
8. |
flexor, ōris m |
flexor |
9. |
interalveolāris, e |
interalveolar |
10. |
interradiculāris, e |
interradicular |
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11. |
linguālis, e |
lingual |
12. |
massa, ae f |
mass |
13. |
medulla, ae f |
medulla |
14. |
medulla ossĭum |
(bone) marrow |
15. |
nodŭlus, i m |
nodulus |
16. |
papilla, ae f |
papila |
17. |
peron(a)eus, a, um |
fibular |
18. |
plica, ae f |
fold |
19. |
retinacŭlum, i n |
retinaculum |
20. |
ruber, bra, brum |
red |
21. |
semilunāris, e |
semilunar |
22. |
trigeminālis, e |
trigeminal |
23. |
trochleāris, e |
trochlear |
24. |
regĭo, ōnis f |
region |
25. |
incisīvus, a, um |
incisive |
26. |
radix, īcis f |
root |
27. |
sanguiněus, a, um |
blood |
28. |
ciliāris, e |
ciliary |
29. |
tonsilla, ae f |
tonsil |
30. |
parĭes, ētis m |
wall |
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LESSON 11
PREFIXES IN THE ANATOMICAL
TERMINOLOGY
In this lesson you will:
•Become familiar with the role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms
•Learn the principal Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology
This lesson is divided into the following sections:
V.Role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms
VI. Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology VII. Exercises.
VIII. Vocabulary
I. ROLE OF PREFIXION IN THE FORMATION OF ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TERMS
It is known that the body or organs of the body may be sectioned according to planes of reference. These include a midsagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left halves; a sagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left portions; a coronal (frontal) plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; and a transverse (cross-sectional) plane that runs horizontally through a structure, dividing it into upper and lower portions.
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In the anatomical terminology a great variety of terms with the spatial location meaning is used. The fundamental importance in this aspect have Latin and Greek prefixes as follows:
II. LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES USED IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
Prefixes |
Meaning of the prefixes |
Examples |
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before/behind |
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Ante- |
before, preceding |
antebrachĭum (forarm) |
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Pre- |
before, ahead of |
presacrālis (presacral) |
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Post- |
after, behind |
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postaortālis (postaortal) |
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Retro- |
back, behind |
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retrocavālis (retrocaval) |
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above/under |
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Supra- |
above |
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supraauriculāris (supra- |
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auricular) |
Infra- |
under; below |
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infraspinālis (infraspinal) |
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Epi- |
on; upon; over |
epigastrĭum epigastrium) |
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Sub- |
under; below |
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subarachnoidālis (subarachnoid) |
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Hypo- |
below; |
incomplete; |
hypochondrĭum (hypochondrium) |
deficient |
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inside/outside |
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Intra- |
within |
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intramusculāris (intramuscular) |
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Endo- |
within |
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endocervicālis (endocervical) |
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Extra- |
outside of; beyond |
extracapsulāris (etracapsular) |
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between |
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Inter- |
between |
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intervertebrālis (intervertebral) |
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Meso- |
middle |
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mesogastrĭum (mesogastrium) |
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to/from |
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Ad- |
to; toward |
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adductor (adductor) |
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Ab- |
from; away from |
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abductor (abductor) |
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beside, around |
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Para- |
beside; beyond; around |
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paraduodenālis (paraduodenal) |
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Peri- |
surrounding (outer) |
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pericardĭum (pericardium) |
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together, joined |
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Syn- |
together; joined |
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synarthrōsis (synarthrosis) |
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Com-(con-) |
together |
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commissūra (commissure) |
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III.EXERCISES
1.Make up new words using prefixes and translate into English:
a) extra- |
cellulāris, e |
cellular |
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capsulāris, e |
capsular |
b) intra- |
craniālis, e |
cranial |
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glandulāris, e |
glandular |
c) infra- |
orbitālis, e |
orbital |
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patellāris, e |
patellar |
d) supra- |
claviculāris, e |
clavicular |
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scapulāris, e |
scapular |
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renālis, e |
renal |
e) para- |
sternālis, e |
sternal |
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vertebrālis, e |
vertebral |
f) inter- |
costālis, e |
costal |
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osseus, a, um |
bony |
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alveolāris, e |
alveolar |
g) pre- (prae) |
centrālis, e |
central |
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axillāris, e |
axillar |
h) retro- |
mandibulāris, e |
mandibular |
i) sub- |
cutaneus, a, um |
cutaneous |
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linguālis, e |
lingular |