- •Lecture topic:
- •TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMIOLOGY
- •EPIDEMIC
- •A reservoir of TB infection is individuals infected with MBT, some of whom
- •THE WAYS IN WHICH TB INFECTION
- •THE POSSIBILITY OF FALLING ILL
- •Primary TB infection occurs when a person becomes infected for the first time.
- •THREE MAIN GROUPS OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE AN INCREASED RISK OF TUBERCULOSIS:
- •FIRST-TIME PATIENTS ON ADMISSION
- •All persons with symptoms of respiratory disease are given an ODM:
- •Three research methods are used to actively detect TB patients:
- •The following groups are to be examined twice a year:
- •The following groups are to be examined twice a year:
- •The following groups are to be examined once a year:
- •EXTRAORDINARY MEDICAL CHECK-UPS
- •THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND
- •THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
- •THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
- •THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
- •THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
- •THE EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS:
- ••Clinical cure is the disappearance of all signs of active tuberculosis process as
- •Residual post-tuberculosis changes - dense calcified foci and foci of varying size, fibrotic
- •Destructive tuberculosis is an active form of tuberculosis process with the presence of
- •DIAGNOSTIC FORMULATION: name the
- •THE COMPONENTS OF A MODERN DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
- •TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- •TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- •1. PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL EXAMINATION
- •1. PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL EXAMINATION
- •1. THE PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL
- •1. THE PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL
- •1. PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL
- •1. PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL
- •2. LABORATORY RESEARCH METHODS
- •MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS
- •3. TUBERCULINODIAGNOSTICS is a set of diagnostic tests to determine specific sensitization of
- •THE CHALLENGES OF MASS TUBERCULIN-
- •THE PURPOSE OF INDIVIDUAL
- •CONTRAINDICATIONS TO THE MANTOUX
- •THE RESULTS OF THE MANTOUX TEST CAN
- •A NEGATIVE REACTION TO TUBERCULIN IS CALLED TUBERCULIN ANERGY.
- •TUBERCULIN PROVOCATION TESTS:
- •4. INSTRUMENTAL RESEARCH
- •5. SURGICAL RESEARCH METHODS
- •THANK YOU
Three research methods are used to actively detect TB patients:
1.Radiation (mainly fluorography) - in adults and adolescents.
2.Microbiological examination of sputum and urine in persons with respiratory and kidney
symptoms - for adults, adolescents and, less frequently, children.
3.Tuberculin-diagnosis - for children and adolescents.
The following groups are to be examined twice a year:
1.Conscripted members of the armed forces.
2.Employees of maternity hospitals (wards).
3.Persons in close domestic or occupational contact with sources of tuberculosis infection.
4.Persons who have had TB disease or have residual TB changes in the lungs - during the first 3 years after the diagnosis of the disease.
5.HIV patients.
The following groups are to be examined twice a year:
6.Persons who have been removed from the dispensary registry in specialized TB treatment and prevention institutions due to recovery - for the first 3 years after removal from the registry.
7.Patients who are under dispensary registration in narcological and psychiatric institutions.
8.Persons released from pre-trial detention and correctional facilities - for the first 2 years after release.
9.Persons under investigation held in pre-trial detention centres and convicted persons held
The following groups are to be examined once a year:
1.Patients with CVD, gastrointestinal, genito-urinary system.
2.Patients with diabetes mellitus.
3.People receiving corticosteroid, radiation and cytostatic therapy.
4.Persons belonging to social groups at high risk of tuberculosis:HOMELESS PEOPLE;
migrants, refugees, internally displaced persons;residing in inpatient social care institutions
social care institutions and social assistance institutions for homeless people;
Persons working in:
In social care institutions for children and adolescents:
In social care institutions for children and adolescents;
In health care, sanatoriums, educational, recreational and sports facilities for children and adolescents.
EXTRAORDINARY MEDICAL CHECK-UPS
FOR THE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS
SHALL BE CARRIED OUT:
1.Persons living together with pregnant women and newborn children.
2.Citizens called up for military service or entering military service under contract.
3.People diagnosed with HIV infection for the first
time.
THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND
RECORDS GROUPS:
ADG 0 - individuals who need diagnosis of TB process activity (ADG 0A) and differential diagnosis (ADG 0B). The duration of the diagnostic period and the period of follow-up in ADG 0 should be 2-3 weeks and no longer than 3 months for test therapy.
THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
GROUPS:
ADG I - patients with active forms of tuberculosis:
subgroup IA - with newly diagnosed disease (MBT (+), MBT (-));
subgroup IB - with relapsed TB (MBT (+), MBT (-));
Subgroup IB - for patients who spontaneously interrupted treatment or were not examined in time at the end of treatment.
IA TRO - tuberculosis of the respiratory organs.
IA TEL - tuberculosis of extrapulmonary localization.
Duration of diagnostic follow-up - determined by the timing of disappearance of signs of active respiratory TB, not to exceed 24 months.
THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
GROUPS:
ADG II (ADG II ТRO, ADG II ТEL) - patients with active tuberculosis with a chronic course of the disease, mainly with bacteriuria and destructive changes.
IIA - patients in need of intensive treatment when clinical cure can be achieved.
IIB - patients with advanced disease who require general supportive care, symptomatic treatment and intermittent antituberculosis therapy.
The duration of follow-up in DST II is unlimited.
THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
GROUPS:
ADG III (ADG III ТRO; ADG III ТEL) - persons who have been cured of tuberculosis, with or without major or minor residual changes, are at increased risk of tuberculosis recurrence, the persistence of clinical cure and the validity of this diagnosis after completion of follow- up in ADG I and II is monitored.
The duration of follow-up is 1 to 3 years.
THE ADULT DISPENSARY AND RECORD
GROUPS:
ADR IV - persons in contact with persons with tuberculosis.
ADR IVA - persons in household contact with an identified and unidentified bacterial specimen - follow up 1 year after the end of treatment for active tuberculosis or the death of the patient.
Two 3-month chemoprophylaxis courses within one year of identification of the source of infection and comprehensive examination twice a year are carried out.
ADR IVB - Persons who have occupational or industrial contact with people or animals with TB. The duration of observation is determined by the period of work in occupational hazardous conditions and occupational contact plus 1 year after its cessation.