Начертательная геометрия

8.

141

& " , , ' " , D + , - " – + . &" D ( . 8.39).

# " " ( . 8.39) D +D .

, . 8.11 8.40, -) " D .D D D" D -" ) . D D -« – » ( . 8.38).

= . 8.38

= . 8.39

= . 8.40

C ,

( . 8.41) ( . 8.42), D , D .

= . 8.41	= . 8.42

D D D, ( . 8.43). C - " D , -" " ) " .

142 .

C , ' , D D D -( . 8.43, –

		{ – {).
			/		(	'
		-
		" , " )-
					.
			& "				-
		, -
							D
		, -
		.
			' -
		D ,				-
							( .
	= . 8.43	8.44).
			*	%
		1		1
		% , % -
		,
		-
		( .
		8.45).
			/ -
	= . 8.44	' -
		, -
			( . 8.46).

= . 8.45

= . 8.46

8.

143

8.5. ?& " "& % % ># "n %* # % %="' / %% ) 0

/ , D D ) "- , ( . 8.27, 8.48,)" . / D -, -) " , D' . (D ( . 8.49).

	= . 8.47			= . 8.48
			/
			,				-
			( , -
			( " D -
			D - (
			( , - ),
			( D -
			' ( . 8.50).
			C
			( . 8.51)
			( , -
			.
			@ -
			'
						,
	= . 8.49
			" -
	. @ , " -
	( . 8.47, 8.48).

= . 8.50

= . 8.51

144		.
		-
		" -
		( . 8.52).
		$ , , ,
		+ , + ,
		+ , . .
		D . ?-
	= . 8.52	" D .
		& ,
" + D .
	$ ( , + ,
, . ., D -
+ , '
" ( ( . 8.51, 8.53).

= . 8.53

/ ( , " . ., D .

B , D' ( )2 , + - , + , " " .

@ D -.

@ , -D ( , , . 8.54), -D, D' D + ( -+ D .

8.

145

@ + , , - , ) , . . ( ( , ' ( . 8.55).

/ , " + ( . 8.55).

= . 8.54

= . 8.55

( , D' D' ( , , , ) - , + . .), ( . 8.56).

"- D D' :

) + , . B -( . 8.56, );

) + , D' D'( . 8.56, );

= . 8.56

146 .

C ' ' -:

) , ' D D 'D, + ' -(« », . 8.57);

) ( . 8.24, 8.25); ) , + . .,

+ " -+ ( . 8.58) ( . 8.48, );

") , " ) , " D ' D ( . 8.27).

= . 8.57

= . 8.58

/ ) ) ,, ' - , , . 8.59.

= . 8.58

8.

147

! ' , > - , ( ,. ., D D' - .

8.6. ( "& ( j : (

& ! — ( ) - , D' " )- " " + ) , .

( ,D' . # "D ( , - , ( – ).

" ( D' - D , + -– D, . ., ( -" ) -. @ -" ( D + ,( . 8.60).

= . 8.60

( " D D' .

8.7. %: ( #"& " %* %="' / %0 ) %

= -

.

# " 1. D -( . 8.61), " - .

148

.

, " D- ' , , – –.

I " – 12. @ -3, 4 ) . -5.

& ,.– " " ( ) ( . 8.62). " " ,.

= . 8.61	= . 8.62
C )
	. )-

, D' D

( D' . *

-

. @ +4, ' -

" ( . 8.63).

$

, " -

, "

.

= . 8.63

8.

149

# " 2. D . -. @ + " –( . 8.64).

+ ( ( , ( . 8.65).

+ -. D D " ) .

I " , D .

-.

" , .+ , -+ - .

= . 8.64

= . 8.65

! + .

# ' . I D D " ) ..

# " 3. " .

@ D -D, D' " D " , -" .

150

.

@ D, .

, " " 4. -D - D . @ " D -) " , " '( . 8.66, ). : " D ( . 8.66, , ). ( -, -D " ,+ ( . 8.66, ).

" ," D D( ' D. @ -D- ' " .

, . 8.61, , " D . ; D'( - . D " -" , " 1, 2, 3, 4 ( . 8.66, ). , 'D' + " 5 6. -D – ( ( .( , 'D' . # + -D ', D' , -) .

# , ' – -,( 1, 2, …, 21, 22).

@ " , -D' .

: " . @ -' – . * 1 , …, 22 . *D y -