- •Contents
- •Vocabulary
- •Elements and compounds
- •1.6. Read the following text and say if it is true that interatomic distance is fixed in all states of a metal. Read again to answer the questions after it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Three states of matter
- •1.10. Learn to read the following measurements.
- •1.11. Read out the numbers.
- •1.12. A) Compare the spanners. Make sentences.
- •At the Descriptive Geometry Class
- •Vocabulary
- •Characteristic Features of Some Elements
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Vocabulary
- •Materials science in the past and present
- •2.9. Form nouns from the following words:
- •Vocabulary
- •Engineering materials and their properties (Part I)
- •2.12. Reread the text and rewrite the following according to the model, replacing the words in italics with an expression from the text which has a similar meaning.
- •2.16. Read and translate the following text. Talk about the properties of engineering materials in your own words.
- •Vocabulary
- •Engineering materials and their properties (Part II)
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Unit 3. Metals: properties, classification and crystal structure
- •Read the list of words below and choose the ones related to science of materials:
- •Vocabulary
- •Metals, alloys and their uses
- •3.4. Reading comprehension. Read the text Availability, Properties and Classification of Metals and for questions 1–5 (after the text) choose the best answers from a–d.
- •Vocabulary
- •Availability, properties and classification of metals
- •3.5. Use the questions and talk giving the main ideas of the text above.
- •Vocabulary
- •Metallic crystal structure
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Unit 4. Engineering materials. Iron and ferrous metals
- •4.2. Read the text Iron and Its Properties. Answer the following questions. What new have you learnt from the text?
- •Vocabulary
- •Iron and its properties
- •Vocabulary
- •4.4. Connect the two matching parts of the sentences related to the blast furnace operation.
- •Vocabulary
- •Ferrous metals
- •From the history of steelmaking
- •Alloy steels
- •Grammar and Vocabulary Questionnaire
- •Structural steels for shipbuilding
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •4.17. Just for fun.
- •4.18. Read the text and agree and disagree with the statements after it.
- •4.19. In the above text, find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •4.20. Read the text and write a list of titanium and its alloys qualities that make titanium different from other metals. A wonder metal
- •Long-term corrosion protection for hulls and water jets
- •Nonmetallic materials
- •4.24. What kinds of non-metal things do people use at home and at work in the office? Entitle the text below. Compare metals and non-metals as structural materials.
- •Unit 5. Materials technology
- •Vocabulary
- •Processing and heat treatment of metals
- •Visit to a Plant
- •Hardening plain carbon steel
- •Vocabulary
- •Welding processes
- •Gas welding
- •Hard to define
- •Nanotechnology
- •Larger to smaller: materials perspective
- •References
- •Appendix Summary tips Аннотирование и реферирование
- •Аннотация и реферат
- •Структура реферата
- •Этапы реферирования и аннотирования
- •Некоторые рекомендации по составлению аннотации и реферата
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Санкт-Петербургский государственный морской технический университет»
Е.Л. Елецкая, М.А. Закаталова, Л.Л. Колышкина
Материалы и технологии
Утверждено советом университета в качестве учебного пособия
Санкт-Петербург
2009
ББК 34.5 + 30.3
УДК 621.7 + 620.22
Рецензенты:
кандидат филологических наук, доцент А.В. Зубкова
кандидат филологических наук, доцент Н.Е. Воскресенская
Елецкая Е.Л., Закаталова М.А., Колышкина Л.Л.
Материалы и технологии: учеб. пособие по англ. языку // под ред. канд. пед. наук, доц. Л.В. Семеновой / Е.Л. Елецкая, М.А. Закаталова, Л.Л. Колышкина; СПбГМТУ. – СПб., 2009. – 92 с.
ISBN
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1 и 2 курсов (II–IV семестры) специальностей «Материаловедение в машиностроении», «Технология художественной обработки материалов» и «Оборудование и технология сварочного производства». Пять разделов пособия содержат тексты и задания к ним, направленные на овладение различными видами чтения, лексико-грамматические и коммуникативно-речевые упражнения и тесты для проверки грамматики, лексики и навыков чтения. Пособие также развивает навыки работы с информацией, представленной в виде иллюстраций, графиков, таблиц, и знакомит с основами аннотирования и реферирования.
Б БК 34.5 + 30.3
УДК 621.7 + 620.22
ISBN © СПбГМТУ,
2009
Contents
Contents 3
Unit 1. Substances: chemical and physical properties 6
Elements and compounds 7
Three states of matter 9
Characteristic Features of Some Elements 16
Unit 2. Materials science. Properties of materials 22
Materials science in the past and present 24
Engineering materials and their properties (Part I) 26
Changing from active into passive 29
Engineering materials and their properties (Part II) 31
Unit 3. Metals: properties, classification and crystal structure 39
Metals, alloys and their uses 39
Availability, properties and classification of metals 42
Metallic crystal structure 45
Unit 4. Engineering materials. Iron and ferrous metals 53
Iron and its properties 53
Ferrous metals 57
From the history of steelmaking 59
Alloy steels 61
Structural steels for shipbuilding 64
Non-ferrous metals 69
A wonder metal 71
Long-term corrosion protection for hulls and water jets 74
Nonmetallic materials 74
Unit 5. Materials technology 76
Processing and heat treatment of metals 77
Hardening plain carbon steel 81
Welding processes 83
Gas welding 85
Hard to define 86
Nanotechnology 87
Larger to smaller: materials perspective 88
References 90
Appendix 91
Summary tips 91
Аннотирование и реферирование 91
A Few Words of Warning for Prospective Students of English
by David Wilson
(with apologies to Lewis Carroll & Alice in Wonderland)
The teacher and the students went walking hand in hand
through the bitter grammar to the promised land.
They walked along the sea of words until quite close at hand
they saw some Pretty Pronouns playing in the sand.
˝Oh Pretty Pronouns if you please, won’t you come and play
within the Present Perfect wood until the light of day? ˝
And so the Pretty Pronouns went to the Perfect wood
where they met evil Past with Would and Could and Should.
And so the Pretty Pronouns were never seen again
and if you too should travel into that grammar land
Make sure you have a clever guide to hold you by your hand.
Unit 1. Substances: chemical and physical properties
1.1. Answer the questions.
1. What is substance?
2. What do you know about different substances?
3. How do people use different substances?
4. What should we know about substances to use them properly?
1.2. Form words with the negative prefixes in-, im-, ir-, il-, un-, dis-, de-,
non-, mis- and translate them:
possible, responsible, metallic, limited, legal, to agree, generation, organic, to interpret
1.3. Using a dictionary, form adjectives using the following suffixes
-ous, -ful, -al, -ic, -able, -ive, -ish and translate them:
success, physics, effect, fame, culture, graph, yellow, danger, experiment, power, electron, to transform
Read the text Elements and compounds and say if it is true that some common elements in nature are potassium, magnesium and sodium. Read the text again to answer the questions after it.