- •Theoretical Grammar
- •The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar.
- •2. Morphology and syntax as two main parts of grammar.
- •3. Language as a structure. Language levels.
- •4. Systemic relations in language. Syntagmatic relations.
- •5. Systemic relations in language. Paradigmatic relations.
- •6. Explicit grammatical categories. Implicit lexico-grammatical categories. Types and kinds of oppositions. The notion of a paradigm.
- •7. General characteristics of the verb as a part of speech. Grammatically relevant subclasses of verbs (transitive/intransitive, terminative/non- terminative).
- •8. The noun as a part of speech. Grammatically relevant classes of nouns. Morphological, semantic and syntactic properties of the noun.
- •9. Syntax as a part of grammar. Its practical objections and concepts.
- •10. Classification of sentences according to the purpose of utterance and according to their structure.
- •Лексикологія
- •1. The morphological structure of a word. (Морфологічна структура слова).
- •2. Word-formation. Productive ways: affixation, conversion, compounding, shortening. (Словотвір. Продуктивні способи словотвору: афіксація, конверсія, словоскладання, скорочення).
- •4. Polysemy in English. Homonyms and their classifications. (Полісемія в англійській мові. Омоніми та їх класифікації).
- •5. Synonymy and antonymy in English. Neologisms and archaisms. (Синонімія й антонімія в англійській мові. Неологізми та архаїзм).
- •Теоретична фонетика
- •The articulatory classification of the English vowels. (Класифікація англійських голосних за артикуляцією.) the main principles of all current articulatory classifications of vow.
- •Articulatory and physiological classification of e vowels.
- •Articulatery and physiological classification of e vowels. According to the degree of tenseness, length.
- •Articulatery and physiological classification of e vowels. According to the stability of articulation.
- •Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants. Accord to the manner of noise production and the type of obstruction, position of the soft palate.
- •English word stress: notions, types, functions. (Словесний наголос в англійській мові: поняття,типи,функції.)
- •The syllable as an integral part of the word. Types of syllables in English Склад як невід’ємна частина слова. (Типи складів в англійській мові.)
- •Functional characteristics of the syllable
- •Prosodic system of the English language/ intonation. (Просодійна система англійської мови/ інтонація.)
- •Окремі питання по граматиці!!!
- •1.Категорії роду та відмінка в англійській мові. (Categories of gender and case in English).
- •2.Категорія числа в системі англійської мови. Абсолютна однина й абсолютна множина. (Number in the system of the English language. Singularia tantum and pluralia tantum).
- •3.Час і аспект як граматичні категорії дієслова в англійській мові. (Tense and aspect as grammatical categories of the English verb).
- •4. Категорія стану дієслів в англійській мові. Проблема середнього стану. (Voice in the system of the English verb. The problem of medial voices).
- •5.Категорія способу в англійській мові. Дійсний, наказовий та умовний способи. (Category of mood in English . Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive).
- •Indicative Mood:
- •Imperative Mood:
- •Infinitive Mood:
- •6.Просте речення як монопредикативна конструкція. Актуальне членування речення. (Actual division of the sentence).
- •7.Складносурядне речення і типи сурядного зв’язку (Compound sentence and types of coordination).
- •8.Складнопідрядне речення як поліпредикативна конструкція (Complex sentence as a polypredicative construction).
- •Країнознавство
- •Geographical and climatic peculiarities of the United Kingdom. (Загальні відомості про географічні та кліматичні особливості Об’єднаного Королівства Великобританії.)
- •The usa: regional, geographical, climatic and economical peculiarities. (Сполучені Штати Америки: регіональні кліматичні та географічні особливості.)
- •A) Political system of the uk.
- •4. Система освіти у Великобританії. Відомі університети та коледжі./Education in Great Britain. Famous universities and colleges.
- •5.Свята та традиції англомовних країн./Traditions and holidays of English-speaking countries.
- •6.Загальні відомості про країни – члени Співдружності./General facts about the Commonwealth members.
- •История английского языка
- •Old Enlgish lexical system
- •2.Phonetic processes in Middle English (system of consonants)
- •3. Old English grammatical system.
- •Middle English grammatical system
- •Phonetic changes in Old, Middle and Modern English.
- •Independent changes. Development of monophthongs
- •Velar consonants in Early Old English. Growth of New Phonemes
Theoretical Grammar
The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar.
Grammar may be practical and theoretical. The aim of practical grammar is the description of grammar rules that are necessary to understand and formulate sentences. The aim of theor grammar is to offer explanation for these rules. Generally speaking, theor grammar deals with the L as a functional system.
2. Morphology and syntax as two main parts of grammar.
Syntax can in linguistics be described as the study of the rules, or "patterned relations" that govern the way the words in a sentence come together. Syntax attempts to systematize descriptive grammar, and is unconcerned with prescriptive grammar.
Morphology is a sub discipline of linguistics that studies word structure. While words are generally accepted as being the smallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most (if not all) languages, words can be related to other words by rules. Morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies such rules across and within l-ges
3. Language as a structure. Language levels.
Language is a structural system. Structure means hierarchical layering of parts in `constituting the whole. In the structure of language there are four main structural levels: phonological, morphological, syntactical and supersyntatical. The levels are represented by the corresponding level units:
The phonological level is the lowest level. The phonological level unit is the`phoneme. It is a distinctive unit (bag – back).
The morphological level has two level units:
the `morpheme – the lowest meaningful unit (teach – teacher);
the word - the main naming (`nominative) unit of language.
The syntactical level has two level units as well:
the word-group – the dependent syntactic unit;
the sentence – the main communicative unit.
The supersyntactical level has the text as its level unit.
All structural levels are subject matters of different levels of linguistic analysis. At different levels of analysis we focus attention on different features of language. Generally speaking, the larger the units we deal with, the closer we get to the actuality of people’s experience of language.
To sum it up, each level has its own system. Therefore, language is regarded as a system of systems. The level units are built up in the same way and that is why the units of a lower level serve the building material for the units of a higher level. This similarity and likeness of organization of linguistic units is called isomorphism. This is how language works – a small number of elements at one level can enter into thousands of different combinations to form units at the other level.
4. Systemic relations in language. Syntagmatic relations.
A linguistic unit enters into syntagmatic relations with other units of the same level it occurs with. SR exist at every language level. They can be of 3 different types: coordinate, subordinate and predicative.
Coordinate SR exist between the homogeneous linguistic units that ax that is, they are the relations of independence: you and me; They were tired but happy.
Subordinated SR are the relations of dependence when one linguistic unit depends on the othex- teach + er - morphological level; a smart student - word-group level; predicative and subordinate clauses - sentence level.
Predicative SR are the relations of interdependence: primary and secondary