Final tests

Variant 1

1. Climate does NOT include

a) snow b) rain c) temperature d) soil

2. Excretion indicates….

a). local and overall accumulation

b). the entry

c). transformation

d). removal from the body of the xenobiotic

3. The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is

a) an animal. c) the sun.

b) a plant. d) oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle.

4. Acid rain forms in the air when _________ joins with water.

a) dust particles b) sulfur dioxide c) smoke particles d) oxygen

5. Overall human energy demands are mostly provided through the use of …

a). solar energy

b). geothermal energy

c). nuclear energy

d). fossil fuels

6. Earth receives almost all of its life-supporting energy from

a). geothermal heat

b). atmospheric gases

c). the Sun

d). carbon

7. The idea of biosphere was developed by

a). Dr. Blomberg

b). V. I. Vernadsky

c). M.V. Lomonosov

d). J. I. Coustean.

8. Biotic parts of an ecosystem include plants, animals, and

a) soil. b) water. c) air. d) decomposers.

9. The functional unit in ecology is

a). biota

b). ecosystem

c). food chain

d). ecological niche.

10. About … of land remains intact.

a). 20%

b). 80 %

c). 40 %

d). 15 %

11. Accumulation or increase in the concentration of a substance in living tissue as it moves through a food web is called

a). beneficiation

b). enrichment

c). extraction

d). biomagnification

12. The very fine waste material left after this concentration process is referred to as

a). gangue

b). tailings

c). residuals

d). wastes

13. Modern smelter stacks are fitted with electrostatic precipitators that result in

a). calculation of emissions

b). burning of fuel

c). retention of most of the particulates

d). enrichment of mineral

14. Grinding has the objective of

a). separating the ore minerals from the waste

b). enrichment of mineral

c). removing undesirable substances

d). crushing the mineral

15. A refinery is

a). factory that separates ore from its components

b). plant that separates crude oil from its components

c). device that refines oil

d). apparatus that converts one form of the crude oil into more useful form

16. The problems with hydroelectric power generation result from

a). eutrophication

b). deforestation

c). flooding

d). desertification.

17. Substances not normally present in the body and introduced from outside are referred to as

a). drugs

b). poisons

c). food

d). xenobiotics

18. Mercury especially damages

a). brain

b). kidney

c). bones

d). liver

19. Fossil fuel combustion and deforestation during the last two hundred years have increased the atmospheric CO₂ concentration by

a). 35 %

b). 25 %

c). 50 %

d). 40 %

20. Absorption may not occur through

a). kidney

b). lungs

c). skin

d). mouth

Variant 2

1. Climate is determined by measuring the amount of __________ over many years.

a) water, rain, snow

b) light, temperature, precipitation

c) light, dark, twilight

d) precipitation, evaporation, rain

2. When you study an ecosystem, you study how living things affect

a) other living things. c) the environment.

b) nonliving factors. d) a, b, and c

3. The largest single source of energy used for human electricity demands is

a). coal

b). oil

c). solar power

d). nuclear energy

4. The first living cell appeared

a). between 4 billion and 3.8 billion years ago)

b). 550 million years

c). 1.8 billion years

d). 8.8 billion years

5. Abiotic portion of an ecosystem does not include

a). lithosphere

b). hydrosphere

c). biosphere

d). atmosphere

6. The synonym of pollutant is

a). pesticide

b). fertilizer

c). carcinogen

d). contaminator

7. Which of the following resources are related to non-renewable?

a). forests

b). eroded soils

c). oil

d). water

8. The very fine waste material left after this concentration process is referred to as

a). gangue

b). tailings

c). fly ash

d). wastes

9. Smelter emissions result in

a). acid rains

b). deforestation

c). acidification of soil

d). depletion of reserves

10. Coal combustion does not contribute significantly to atmospheric deposition of

a). arsenic

b). cadmium

c). nitrogen

d). chromium

11. “Elevated concentrations” mean

a). increased concentrations

b). decreased concentrations

c). equal concentrations

d). similar concentrations.

12. In vicinity of oil refineries … is found in elevated concentration.

a). lead

b). vanadium

c). oxygen

d). uranium.

13. As a result of exposure to radioactive iodine, humans are prone to

a). cancer

b). allergy

c). thyroid cancer

d). lung cancer.

14. The accident at Chernobyl nuclear plant took place in

a). 1986

b). 1988

c). 1987

d). 1990.

15. Naturally nitrous oxide is produced mainly by

a). bacteria

b). fertilization

c). plants

d). man

16. The identification and characterisation of the level of risk resulting from exposure of hazards is called

a). clinical toxicology

b). risk assessment

c). hazard control

d). risk monitoring

17. The term which does not describe the disposition of xenobiotics is

a). absorption

b). distribution

c). extraction

d). excretion

18. Absorption indicates

a). transformation

b). local and overall accumulation

c). the entry

d). removal from the body of the xenobiotic

19. “Host” is referred to the organism that

a). introduce xenobiotics

b). receives xenobiotics

c). resists to xenobiotics

d). rejects xenobiotics

20. Cadmium increases the risk of

a). allergy

b). brain disease

c). heart disease

d). nervous system disease.