UPSTREAM

a He didn’t do it, because it became unnecessary. b He did it but it was the wrong thing to do.

cHe didn’t have the ability to do it.

d He didn’t do it, although it was necessary. e He didn’t do it, because it wasn’t necessary.

fHe did it, although it wasn’t necessary.

20 Fill in could(n’t)have, ought(not)tohave, needn’t have, should(n’t)have or didn’tneedto.

1	We took our time because we ..............................
	.......................... be there until 11 o’clock.
2	You ......................................................................
	gone to see a doctor if you were feeling so ill.
3	Andy ....................................................................
	said that to Julie. He really upset her, didn’t he?
4	I was busy last Saturday, so I ................................
	............... gone to his party even if I’d wanted to.
5	You ......................................................................
	come to pick me up – there are plenty of taxis.
6	He ............................................................	arrived
	by now, because he left at least an hour ago.
7	We ..........................................................	rushed,
	because we got there with plenty of time to spare.
8	If you had sprained your ankle, you ......................
	........................................................	walked here.
9	You .................................................	let Paul know
	what we were doing – he was waiting for us.
10	We ...............................................................	take
	an exam at the end of the course.

Making Deductions

	Grammar Reference
21 Which of the sentences express certainty/
uncertainty?
Present	Past
He must be tired.	He must have been at work.
He might be tired.	He might have been at work.
He can’t be tired.	He can’t have been at work.

22 Look at the pictures. Write	1
sentences using must, could,

shouldn’t, ought, can’t, etc, as in the examples.

Hemustbestressed.

Heshouldn’tworksohard.

Hemayhavegotaparkingticket.

Heoughttorelax.

2 Hisworkcan’tbegoing

verywell. etc

3

5

Game

In teams, think of three sentences about the following situations, using appropriate modals. Each correct set of sentences gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.

Suggested situations

A your friend is in bed with a bad cold

B your friend is upset because she has put on weight C your brother has failed his exam

D your uncle has been fired from his job

TeamAS1: Youshouldn’tgotoschool.

S2: Yououghttoseeadoctor. etc

Question Tags

Grammar Reference

23 a. Look at the examples and underline the question tags. Which asks for confirmation? Which asks for information? How are they formed?

FALLING/RISING INTONATION

He isn’t in today, is he? (sure of the answer)

She left yesterday, didn’t she? (not sure of the answer)

b. Fill in the correct question tags.

1 They bought some flowers, ................................?

2 He hasn’t called yet, ...........................................?

3 Ann looks tired, ..................................................?

4 Stop talking, ......................................................?

5 Let’s have dinner together, .................................?

6 He will keep our secret, ......................................?

7 You booked the tickets, .....................................?

8 We are going out tonight, ..................................?

9 Dad will be on time, ...........................................?

10 She won’t forget, ...............................................?

Prepositions

Appendix 1

24 a. Underline the correct preposition, then explain the phrases.

1Look! That dress is identical to/with the one Jane was wearing last night.

2I think he is jealous for/of Sally because of all the money she’s making these days.

3We offered to help her but she insisted for/on

doing the whole thing herself.

4James thinks it’s an excellent plan but I’m not so

keen on/to the idea.

5Everyone has been very kind to/of me since the accident.

75

Grammar in use

6That book made a really strong impression with/on Emma. She

can’t stop talking about it.

7Come to the fair – everyone is

welcome to join in/to the fun.

8In recent years there has been a large increase of/in the number of people who take no regular exercise.

b.Fill in the correct preposition, then choose five phrases and make sentences using them.

1 ..............	the crack of dawn; 2 to
play a part	.............. sth;
3 ..............	fact; 4 to deprive sb
.............. sth; 5 to run the risk
.............. sth; 6 to lead ..............
sth; 7 ..............	example; 8 to be
.............. tune ..............		sth;
9 ..............	harmony; 10	..............
the long run

Phrasal Verbs

Appendix 2

25 Fill in the correct particles, then explain the phrasal verbs.

1I’ve seen this film before. Don’t worry, though – I won’t give

........... the ending.

2 The fire was giving ..................

a lot of heat.

3The car was running fine this morning but on the way home the engine suddenly gave ....... .

4It was obvious that they would

lose, but they still wouldn’t give

......................... .

5He said he would do it – I can’t believe he went ........... ..........

his word.

6I feel really ill today; I hope I’m

not going ............ .............

flu.

7Erica left a bit suddenly, maybe you should go .........................

her and check she’s OK.

8 The dog went ................... him when he tried to open the gate.

9I’m afraid there won’t be enough food to go ......................... .

Multiple Choice Cloze

26 Read the text and decide which answer – A, B, C or D – best fits each space (1-15). There is an example at the beginning (0).

Owls are nocturnal creatures. They’re wide 0) awake at
night and they sleep during the day. If this 1) ..............	like

bliss to you, then, like about 20 percent of the population

2) ..............	find themselves most active at around 9 pm, you
may fall into		the same category 3) ..............	our feathered
friend. Night		owls often have difficulty waking up in the
morning, and like to be up late at night. 4) ..............			of animal

behaviour indicate that being a night owl may actually be

5).............. into some people’s genes. This would explain

6).............. those late-to-bed, late-to-rise people find it so difficult to change their behaviour.

The trouble for night owls is that they just 7)	.............. to
be at places such as work and school far 8) ..............	early.

This is when the alarm clock becomes the night owl’s most

important survival tool. Experts 9) ..............	that one way for a
night owl to beat their dependence 10) ..............	their alarm

clocks is to sleep with the curtains open. The theory is that if they do so, the morning sunlight will awaken them gently and naturally.

The	11) ..............		is that, unlike the feathered owl,
human owls can’t claim that a nocturnal existence is
their 12) ..........		lifestyle. They are programmed
to be at their best 13) ..............			the day.
14) ..............	if we try to change our
schedules and work at night,
Mother Nature		isn’t	fooled.
Night is still the time when
our body 15) ............		down.
Night owls	simply start

and finish a little later than average.

0	A	aware	B	wakeful	C	awake	D	alert
1	A	sounds	B	hears	C	listens	D	looks
2	A	when	B	whose	C	which	D	who
3	A	like	B	as	C	with	D	for
4	A	Research	B	Examinations	C	Enquiries	D	Studies
5	A	constructed	B	built	C	erected	D	made
6	A	why	B	when	C	how	D	where
7	A	ought	B	have	C	must	D	should
8	A	too	B	enough	C	from	D	away
9	A	tell	B	speak	C	inform	D	say
10	A	in	B	on	C	to	D	for
11	A	truth	B	honesty	C	real	D	reason
12	A	usual	B	expected	C	ordinary	D	natural
13	A	while	B	throughout	C	through	D	during
14	A	Also	B	Even	C	Yet	D	As
15	A	slows	B	moves	C	goes	D	falls

76

Error Correction

27 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct, put a tick ( ). If it has a word that should not be there,

write this word on the line, as in the examples.

We all know that eating of healthy foods helps us to	0	of
live longer and to ward off the danger of strokes or	00
heart disease. A healthy lifestyle, which includes and	1	....................................
regular exercise and a diet with lots of fruit and	2 ....................................
vegetables, not only keeps the doctor away but also	3 ....................................
makes us to feel good. Being in good health is an	4 ....................................
important way for to reduce stress, but this is not the	5 ....................................
only benefit of eating properly. In particular, the types	6 ....................................
of food that we eat influence on our moods. Eating	7 ....................................
carbohydrate-rich foods like breads, cereals, rice and	8 ....................................
pasta it causes the production of seratonin, which	9 ....................................
makes us feel calm. Fruit and vegetables also set off	10 ....................................
the production of this chemical, but in too smaller	11 ....................................
doses. Milk, cheese and the yoghurt can also help,	12 ....................................
especially when they eaten together with 13 ....................................
carbohydrates. The next time you feel stressed, try a little	14 ....................................
piece bread and a glass of milk and you’ll feel relaxed in	15 ....................................
no time.

Key-word Transformations

28 Complete the second sentence using the word in bold. You can use two to five words, including the word given.

1It was wrong of him not to tell us as soon as he found out.

should	He .................................................................................
	as soon as he found out.

2Anna didn’t go to hospital; it was only a minor injury.

have	Anna .............................................................................
	........................... to hospital; it was only a minor injury.

3It isn’t necessary to make an appointment – come in any time tomorrow morning.

need	You ...............................................................................
	an appointment – come in any time tomorrow morning.

4His speech had an effect on everyone who was there.

impression His speech .....................................................................

.............................................. everyone who was there.

5Patients must be accompanied by a nurse when they leave the ward.

allowed	Patients .........................................................................
	the ward unless accompanied by a nurse.

5

6You mustn’t reveal the secret to anybody.

away You aren’t allowed to

.....................................

.................. to anybody.

Idioms & Fixed Phrases

29 Fill in the words from the list then explain the phrases in bold.

ñmouth ñ finger ñ stomach

ñtooth ñ chest ñ bones

1 Martin loves chocolate and biscuits – he’s really got a sweet

.......................... .

2Thanks for listening. I needed to get that off my ...................... .

3There’s something wrong with the car, but I just can’t put my

....................... on what it is.

4Surgeons need to have a strong

............. , because they can’t let the sight of blood and injuries upset them.

5I’m sure something is going to go wrong today. I can feel it in my .......................... .

6I didn’t say that. Please don’t put words into my ................. .

30 Underline the correct word then explain the phrases.

1At the start of the meeting the boss told a few jokes to break the ice/pace.

2She’s really funny, she can do/ make impressions of all sorts of famous people.

3He said that he would think about it, but in fact he had no plan/intention of going.

4Debbie has itchy feet/boots – she never stays in one place for more than a year or two before she goes travelling again.

5I think the professor has really knocked/hit the jackpot with his latest invention.

77

Listening & Speaking skills

31 You are going to listen to four people talking about how they have improved their quality of life. Match the statements which best summarise their ideas (A-E) to the speakers (1-4). There is one statement which you do not need to use.

	A	Be with friends.	Speaker 1
	B	Get back to nature.	Speaker 2
	C	Be satisfied with less.
			Speaker 3
	D	Focus on the family
	E	Help those in need.	Speaker 4

32 Look at the table and the pictures, then, in pairs, talk about:

ñdifferent ways to relax;

ñpros & cons of active and passive relaxation

Survey results for 500 teenagers

Read the instructions to find out what the listening text is

about. Read the question stems and underline any key words. Read the options (A, B, C) for each question. Do not predict the answers. Listen and mark your answers. Listen again

and check. Do not leave any questions unanswered.

27% watch TV

24% spend time with friends

12% read a book

10% listen to music

8% play sports

6% play a musical instrument

5% go shopping

3% go to cinema

3% go out for a meal

2% play computer games

A:WatchingTVisaform of passiverelaxation.

B:Yes,youcansitquietly...

33 You will hear five short dialogues about people’s health. Listen and circle the correct item: A, B or C.

1What happened to the girl? A She crashed her bicycle. B She crashed her car.

C She crashed her mother’s car.

2What is wrong with the man? A He has got food poisoning. B He is allergic to seafood.

C He ate too much.

3 What has the man been doing? A fighting

B dressing his children

C jogging

78

4What is the doctor’s advice? A To exercise more.

B To exercise less.

C To do some weightlifting.

5How did the woman hurt her hand? A She burnt it.

B She trapped it in the kitchen door. C The man hurt it.

Speculating

34 a. Look at the pictures. Who: is in a hurry? has a splitting headache? has had an accident?

Jack		Jean		Bill

b. What do you think caused each problem?

Jackmighthavebeenplayingfootball.Hecouldhave trippedandfallendown.Hemustbeinpain. etc

Giving Advice

c.What advice would you give each person? Use the phrases below, as well as your own ideas.

If I were you, I ... / You should(n’t) ... / Why don’t you ...

Jack–Youshouldbemorecareful.

35 a.You are going to hear someone giving advice on how to reduce stress. Listen and say where you might hear this dialogue. How do the speakers sound? Why?

b. Listen again and write Yesor No for each statement (1-7).

1	The woman is suffering from stress.	.....
2	She often goes out with her friends.	.....
3	She thinks her work is causing her stress.	.....

4The man suggests that she find another job. .....

5	The woman can work fewer hours.	.....
6	The man suggests she take some medicine. .....

36 Your friend is feeling stressed out and wants to make some changes to his/her lifestyle.

ñsuggest ways to change his/her lifestyle in order to help reduce stress

ñreject his/her reasons for not being able to follow your advice, and suggest alternatives

ñexpress your hope that everything will work out well

Writing

Use your ideas from Ex. 36 to write a letter of advice to your friend on how to reduce stress. Start with your opening remarks. In the main body write your advice. End your letter with closing remarks.

Losing your temper

37a. You will hear four short exchanges about various problems. Listen and match the exchanges (1-4) to the problems listed.

untidiness ..........	noise ..........
overwork ..........	faulty appliance ..........

b.Read the exchanges and replace the expressions in bold, which show the speaker has lost their temper, with appropriate ones from the list.

ñFor crying out loud! ñ I’m fed up with this!

ñI don’t believe it! ñ I don’t know what to do!

ñGood grief! ñ I can’t put up with this!

ñI’m sick of this! ñ I’ve had all I can take!

1 A: I’ve had enough! Go on – you fix this machine.

I give up!

B: OK, I’ll do it. Just calm down.

2A: I can’t stand it any more! Don’t you know it’s late and I’m trying to sleep? Turn down the music or I’ll call the police.

B:Alright, alright. Don’t go on about it. I’ll turn it down.

3A: Haven’t you finished that report yet?

B:You must be joking! The phone hasn’t stopped ringing all day and I’ve been running around after you. When do you expect me to do it?

4A: For goodness’ sake! I won’t tell you again – clean up this mess immediately, please.

B:Oh come on, Mum. It’s my room after all. You never stop nagging me.

Pronunciation

38 a. Read the words and say which language each comes from. Write G(for Greek), L(for Latin) or B (for Both). Do you use any words in your language which are similar to these?

stethoscope .........	physical .........
pneumonia .........	temperature .........
thermometer .........	patient .........
asthma .........	medicine .........
diarrhoea .........	muscle .........

b. Listen and repeat, then make up sentences using the words. Be careful how you pronounce them.

5

Making an appointment

39a. Listen to the dialogue and fill in the questions. Who is Tina speaking to?

A: Good afternoon. Meadows Surgery. 1) .................

..........................................?

B:Oh yes, I’d like to make an appointment with Doctor Michaels, please.

A: I’m afraid Dr Michaels is on holiday at the moment.

2) .......................................................................	?
B: Erm ...	yes, alright. That would be fine.

A: Right. The first available appointment is on Thursday

	at 10 o’clock. 3) ....................................................	?
B:	Yes, that should be okay.
A:	Good. 4) .............................................................	?
B:	Tina, Tina Wilcox.
A:	5) .......................................................................	?
B:	I’ve been having trouble sleeping lately.

A:Right then, we’ll see you on Thursday at 10 o’clock.

B:Thank you. Goodbye.

b.Use the prompts below to act out similar dialogues.

2:30pm	9 o’clock
Carol Ormerod	Brian Powell
(bad cough)	(earache)

Describing symptoms

40 a.	Listen to the dialogue and fill in the missing
	words. What’s wrong with Betty?
	ñ aches ñ the flu ñ pale
A: Are you okay, Betty? You look a bit 1) ..................		.
B:	Actually, I feel terrible.
A: Oh! What’s wrong?
B: I’m burning up and my whole body 2) ..................		,
	too.
A: Sounds to me like 3) ........................................... .
	If I were you, I would go to bed.

b.Use the prompts to act out similar dialogues.

ñburning feeling in my chest heartburn – take an antacid tablet

ñcan’t stop yawning

you’re overtired – get an early night

79

41 a. Look at the pictures. What do these places have in common?

b.The words/phrases below are used in the texts. In what context do you expect each to be used? Make up sentences, as in the examples.

Text A: ancient limestone - high mineral content - relaxation and therapeutic purposes - dark and humid - caves - natural steam bath

Text B: bubbling geysers - active volcano areas - mud pools - hot springs - pain-relieving qualities - arthritis, rheumatism and neuralgia - spas

TextA: Thecavescontainancientlimestone.

TextB: TherearelotsofbubblinggeysersinNewZealand.

Writing

45 Write a short article about a famous health spot in your country. Write about:

ñbrief description of location / what it is famous for

ñhistorical details (if any)

ñspecial features

ñwhat to do there / recommendation

A

c.How do you think the title above is related to the pictures?

42 Which of the following can you find in your country: mudpools?hotspring?activevolcanicareas?cavesin mountains?naturalsteambaths?healthspas?

Why might a person visit such places?

43 a. Read the articles and decide which health spot each statement refers to. Write R(for Rotorua) or A(for Ainsworth Hot Springs). Then, explain the words in bold.

Which place:

1 was once used by miners? ..............

2has water that comes from deep

below the ground? ..............

3 has got caves? ..............

4 is famous for its volcanoes? ..............

5can be found in an area of natural

beauty? ..............

b.Read the articles again and find one similarity and one difference between each of the resorts.

c.Find synonyms for the highlighted words. Then, find words in the articles which are similar in your language.

d.In pairs, think of alternative titles for the articles.

44 What similar resorts are there in your country? What can you do there? Imagine you are a tourist guide, and give a talk to the class about one such resort.

The Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada, are famous for the Cody Caves System with its ancient limestone and natural hot springs. The springs have a naturally high mineral content and have long been used for relaxation and therapeutic purposes.

The native Indians originally discovered the springs, but now they form part of one of the country’s favourite holiday resorts. The springs got their name from George Ainsworth from Oregon, who founded Hot Springs Camp in 1882. At that time the only visitors were local miners and prospectors, but in the 1920s the springs were developed and caves and a pool were constructed. Meanwhile the mining industry declined, and all the mines were closed by the 1960s.

From its source in the Cody Caves, the water works its way down through the rock, and the deeper it goes, the hotter it gets. It finally surfaces at Ainsworth Hot Springs, where the water temperature varies from 35oC to 42oC. The caves are dark and humid and with the hot spring water at waist height they act as a natural steam bath.

The surrounding area is of great natural beauty. There are fantastic views of Kootenay Lake and the Purcell Mountains, and visitors can go hiking in Kokanee Provincial Park.

80

5

B

Rotorua in

New Zealand is

famous as one

most

active

of the world’s

volcanic

areas.

It

geysers

,

is

filled

mud pools and

natural

with

bubbling

.

are famous

for their

hot

springs

The

springs

relaxing and

pain-relieving

The waters can

qualities.

help people with

neuralgia, as well as

arthritis, rheumatism

and

Throughout

improve their

general health.

history,

people

bathed

in

have visited the

area and

the mineral

rich hot

their aches and

pains.

springs to relieve

the

hot

springs

The healing

properties

of

were

discovered

by

Maori people a long

the native

time ago but

made known

to

the

were only

rest of the

1878

world in

when they

were

travelling

priest.

discovered

by

a

He

found

that

arthritis

his

was cured

after

waters,

bathing

in the

and the

spring became

known

the Priest Spring.

as

The

water from

the

Priest

acidic

.

It

Spring

is

flows from the

deep below

the

surface

volcanic

rock

of

the earth,

and its

temperature

to

varies from 33ÆC

43ÆC. This is

totally

different from

the

other

springs

area

alkaline

the

water

is

the

where

and

comes

from nearer

the surface.

There are

in

many spas to visit

the

region

that

have

a

number

of pools

with different

temperatures.

Other

attractions

include

visiting a

volcanic

crater,

hiking

in

a

national

park

or

visiting a

wildlife

reserve.

81

Writing a for and against essay

We usually write a for and against essay in a formal style.

When we write the essay, we need to discuss both sides of the argument to give a balanced view.

Introduction

In the introduction we present the topic, but do not give our opinion.

Main Body

In the second paragraph we give the arguments for the topic together with justifications and examples.

In the third paragraph we give the arguments against the topic. We start each paragraph with appropriate topic sentences.

Conclusion

In the last paragraph we write a balanced personal opinion, or summarise the main arguments for and against.

We also need to use appropriate linkers to connect similar ideas and introduce opposing ideas.

Analysing the Rubric

46 Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions.

Your school newspaper has asked you to write an article discussing the pros and cons of exercising to reduce stress.

Write your article in about 120-180 words.

1 What are you going to write?

2Who is going to read your piece of writing?

3 Should you use informal language? Why (not)?

4In pairs, think of two positive and two negative aspects of exercising to reduce stress. Compare your answers with the rest of the class.

82

Analysing a Model Text

47 a. Read the article and underline the correct linkers. Which:

ñ	list/add points	ñ	introduce reasons/examples
ñ	show contrast	ñ	introduce a conclusion

b. What is each paragraph about?

Do you know how dangerous stress can be? It affects us both physically and mentally, so reducing stress is something that we should all try to do. While many people feel that the best way to get rid of stress is some form of exercise, there are other ways which are just as effective.

The benefits of physical exercise are obvious.

1) Moreover/First of all, keeping fit helps your body stay strong and healthy. 2) Therefore/ Because you are less likely to get sick or suffer from stress-related health problems 3) such

as/in addition to heart attacks and cancer.

4)Furthermore/However, exercise is a good way to get rid of frustration and anger, because after

exercise the brain produces hormones called endorphins which make us feel good.

5)On the other hand/ Moreover, if you are out of shape, exercise can be quite painful. You may pull a muscle or injure yourself. 6) Due to the fact that/Furthermore, exercising may even cause more stress

7)what is more/since it will add to your already hectic schedule.

8) Last but not least/In conclusion, the best way to combat stress in our lives is to live a healthy life. As James Freeman Clark says, “Never hurry. Take plenty of exercise. Always be cheerful. Take all the sleep you need. You may expect to be well.”

48 a. Read the article again and list the points forand againstthe topic. Are they similar to yours? What justifications/examples does the writer give to support each point?

b.What topic sentences has the writer used in the main body? Suggest other appropriate ones.

c.What techniques has the writer used to start/end his article:

aquotation?addressingthereaderdirectly?arhetoricalquestion?Can you suggest another beginning/ending?

Topic Sentences

49 a. Choose the appropriate topic sentence 1-4 for the paragraph.

1 Society teaches women that good health matters more than body shape. 2 Women are getting the message that they are judged by their weight. 3 A woman’s physical appearance is less important than it used to be.

4Nowadays, a woman’s intelligence and her personality are considered more important than her looks.

............................................................. . On TV, in films and magazines, only thin women are considered beautiful, popular and successful. As a result, many women feel that their lives will improve only if they lose weight. Our society not only encourages women to become thin but almost insists on it.

b. Suggest a topic sentence for the paragraph.

........................................... . For instance, obesity can put a strain on the heart which can lead to heart disease. The extra weight also puts extra pressure on joints and bones, which makes it painful as well as difficult to move around.

Supporting Sentences & Linkers

50 Expand the prompts into full supporting sentences using appropriate linkers.

1There are many arguments against taking diet pills.

ñput on weight when you stop taking them

ñnot enough vitamins and minerals

ñmight have side effects/endanger health

2Cosmetic surgery has certainly got its advantages.

ñsurgeons can repair people’s faces if they are injured in an accident

ñpeople can have scars or blemishes removed

ñpeople can change parts of their bodies which make them unhappy/depressed

Discuss & Write

51 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions.

Your school magazine has asked its readers to write an article discussing the advantages and disadvantages

of fast food. Write your article for the magazine in about 120180 words.

1 What type of composition are you going to write?

2What will the topic of each paragraph be?

3 Think of two pros/cons which you can include.

4In which paragraph can you write your opinion?

5Which techniques can you use to start/end your essay? Suggest a full beginning/ending.

52 a. Match the points to their justifications. Which are positive, and which are negative?

1		our bodies need a balanced diet
2		not healthy
3		convenient
4		large amounts of additives

afull of saturated fats and other chemicals

b we need some fats, sugars and salt in our diet

cit’s available whenever you want it

ddoesn’t provide you with enough vitamins/minerals b. Join the ideas into full sentences.

5

53 a. Look at the plan below, and use your answers to Exs 51 and 52a to answer the questions.

Introduction

(Para 1) How can you present the topic? What general remarks can you make?

Main Body

(Para 2) Which are the pros?

What examples can you think of?

(Para 3) Which are the cons?

What examples can you think of?

Conclusion

(Para 4) What is your opinion?

b.What linking words can you use to list/add points; introduce pros/cons; introduce examples; show contrast; introduce a conclusion?

c.Will you write your personal opinion?

d.What style will you use? Why?

e.What topic sentences will you use?

54 Use your answers to Ex. 53 to write your article for the magazine. You can use the article in Ex. 47 as a model.

55 Try to explain these quotations in your own words. How do they relate to the theme of the unit?

To get rich, never risk your health. For it is the truth that health is the wealth of wealth.

Richard Baker

Health is the first muse, and sleep is the condition to produce it. Ralph Waldo Emerson (US philosopher)

The first wealth is health. Ralph Waldo Emerson

83

Better Safe than Sorry

Lead-in

A

1Which of the following can you see in the pictures?

ñ mobile phone ñ credit card ñ ID card ñ ATM ñ CCTV ñ laptop computer ñ satellite dish ñ robot ñ radar screen

Which item do you think is the most/least useful?

How often do you/your parents use these items?

What other pieces of equipment do you use daily?

2Match the columns to make sentences.

	CCTV (closed circuit		to store and organise
	TV) cameras		information.
	ID cards		to store large amounts of
			information on circuits.
B
	Radars		to monitor roads and
			public areas.
	Security systems	are	to identify you.
		used
	Satellites		to locate ships and planes
			when we can’t see them.
	ATMs		to collect and send inform-
			ation to and from space.
	Microchips		to protect a building from
			burglars.
	Computers		to allow you to take
			money out of the bank.

CCTVcamerasareusedtomonitorroadsandpublicareas.

C

Reading

D

3a. Read the headings A-H and the title of the article. What do you expect to read in the text? Read the article and check your guesses.

b.Read the text again and match the headings A-H to each part 1-6 of the article. There is one heading which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning.

A	A single card
B	A difficult decision
C	The positive side
D	Nothing is hidden any more
E	Keeping watch is expensive	F

FCaptured on film

G New forms of identification

EH Nowhere to hide

84