Exercises
1. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса —er или -or. Переведите на русский язык. To act, to conduct, to compose, to direct, to drive, to fight, to found, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach.
2. Образуйте от данных слов существительные при помощи суффиксов -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите на русский язык. Art, social, type, capital, music, international, piano, electric, Canada, Russia.
3. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса —ment. Переведите на русский язык. To improve, to measure, to disappoint, to pave, to announce, to agree, to state, to govern, to require, to arrange, to move, to develop, to achieve.
4. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффиксов —ion, -ation, -sion, -ssion, -tion. Переведите на русский язык. To collect, to combine, to connect, to dictate, to include, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to submit.
5. Образуйте от данных прилагательных существительные с помощью суффикса —ness. Переведите на русский язык. Bitter, absolute, damp, cold, dark, kind, happy, weak.
6. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
dis- excite -y un- appoint -ship im- honest -ment patient -ness success -ion direct -full kind -less profit help friend luck like
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами —существительными.
7. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet (1)____________ from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone (2)________ in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, if there are no holes in it. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air (3)____________ . The air needs (4)_____________ and care. Man is beginning to understand that his (5)___________ is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth.
RADIATE LAY POLLUTE PROTECT ENVIRON
8. (1)____________ are proud of their Constitution. It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still working! But the people of the United states can change the Constitution. Changes in the Constitution are called (2)_____________. The first ten of them are called the Bill of Rights. They were made in 1791. The Bill of Rights guarantees to people of the USA very important rights and (3)_____________. Soon after the Civil War (1861-1865) there were three important amendments. The 13th amendment ended (4)____________ , the 14th amendment made all Black people (5)__________ of the United States, the 15th amendment gave Blacks the right to vote.
AMERICA AMEND FREE SLAVE CITY
9. Lord Byron (1788-1824) didn’t live a long life. He was an aristocrat and a fashionable man. But he loved (1)_________ and a simple country life. His (2)_________ attracted Britain and all Europe. He brought to his (3)_________ romanticism of his times. He was talented and handsome, noble and brave. (4)_________ admired him. In 1812 he became famous after the (5)__________of his autobiographic poem “Childe Harold”.
FREE PERSONAL POET LONDON PUBLIC
10. I always wanted to be a great (1)____________. I had the dreams of discovering a new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately I was never good at (2)___________ at school and the teacher used to be very cross with me. After a while I decided I would become an (3)_____________ and design an amazing new (4)___________ which would become a household name. A few weeks later I had a brilliant idea for a pen that would write upside down. To my (5)_____________ a friend of mine pointed out that it was not a new (6)_____________.
SCIENCE SHEMIST INVENT PRODUCE DISAPPOINT DISCOVER
11. The trade union (1) ______________ has a long and important history in Britain, but since 1980 the influence of trade unions has declined dramatically. Trade union (2)_______________ has fallen because of changes in the structure of (3)____________ , including (4)_____________, the shift away from manufacturing, the rise in smaller firms, the increase in part-time employment, and the constructing out of work. The Conservative government restricted unions’ (5)_____________ to launch strikes and made unions legally responsible for the actions of (6)_______________; this has considerably reduced union power and substantially decreased the number of strikes, called (7)_______________.
MOVE MEMBER EMPLOY PRIVATIZE ABLE STRIKE STOP
12. От данных глаголов образуйте указанную часть речи (noun – существительное с разным значением, adjective – прилагательное, adverb – наречие).
write – … (noun)
mean – … (adjective)
mean – … (adverb)
inform – … (noun)
inform – … (adjective)
inform – … (adverb)
explain – … (noun)
explain – … (adjective)
conclude – … (noun)
conclude – … (adjective)
conclude – … (adverb)
develop – … (noun)
encourage – … (noun)
encourage – … (adjective)
encourage – … (adverb)
pollute – … (noun)
pollute – … (adjective)
destruct – … (noun)
destruct – … (adjective)
destruct – … (adverb)
prevent – … (noun)
prevent – … (adjective)
prevent – … (adverb)
conserve – … (noun)
conserve – … (adjective)
conserve – … (adverb)
protect – … (noun)
protect – … (adjective)
protect – … (adverb)
vary – … (noun)
vary – … (adjective)
vary – … (adverb)
specify – … (noun)
specify – … (adjective)
specify – … (adverb)
manufacture – … (noun)
manufacture – … (adjective)
compute – … (noun)
compute – … (adjective)
invent – … (noun)
invent – … (adjective)
13. От данных глаголов образуйте указанную часть речи.
discover – … (noun)
discover – … (adjective)
import – … (noun)
import – … (adjective)
construct – … (noun)
construct – … (adjective)
construct – … (adverb)
evolve – … (noun)
evolve – … (adjective)
politicize – … (noun) politicize – … (adjective) politicize – … (adverb) govern – … (noun) govern – … (adjective) govern – … (adverb) depart – … (noun) depart – … (noun) depart – … (adverb) meet – … (noun) meet – … (adjective) produce – … (noun) produce – … (adjective) produce – … (adverb) economize – … (noun) economize – … (adjective) economize – … (adverb) control – … (noun) control – … (adjective) educate – … (noun) educate – … (adjective) teach – … (noun) teach – … (adjective) survey – … (noun) survey – … (adjective) study – … (noun) study – … (adjective) study – … (adverb) practise – … (noun) practise – … (adjective) perform – … (noun) perform – … (adjective) assess – … (noun) assess – … (adjective) qualify – … (noun)
qualify – … (adjective)
14. От данных слов образуйте антонимы (противоположные по значению), используя соответствующие приставки.
kind – …
honest – …
credible – …
appear – …
fair – …
pleased – …
continue – …
fasten – …
normal – …
employed – …
friendly – …
trust – …
professional – …
known – …
cover – …
safe – …
use – …
probable – …
important – …
emotional – …
Ответы
KEY 7: 1 radiation, 2 layer, 3 pollution, 4 protection, 5 environment.
Key 8: 1 Americans, 2 amendments, 3 freedoms, 4 slavery, 5 citizens.
KEY 9: 1 freedom, 2 personality, 3 poetry, 4 Londoners, 5 publication.
Key 10: 1 scientist, 2 chemistry, 3 inventor, 4 production, 5 disappointment, 6 discovery.
Key 11: 1 movement, 2 membership, 3 employment, 4 privatization, 5 ability, 6 strikers, 7 stoppages.
Упр. 12
write – … (noun) write – writer / writing
mean – … (adjective) mean – meaningful
mean – … (adverb) mean – meaningfully
inform – … (noun) inform – informant / information
inform – … (adjective) inform – informative
inform – … (adverb) inform – informatively
explain – … (noun) explain – explanation
explain – … (adjective) explain – explanatory
conclude – … (noun) conclude – conclusion
conclude – … (adjective) conclude – conclusive
conclude – … (adverb) conclude – conclusively
develop – … (noun) develop – development / developer / developing
encourage – … (noun) encourage – encouragement
encourage – … (adjective) encourage – encouraging
encourage – … (adverb) encourage – encouragingly
pollute – … (noun) pollute – pollution / polluter
pollute – … (adjective) pollute – polluted
destruct – … (noun) destruct – destruction / destroying / destructor
destruct – … (adjective) destruct – destructive
destruct – … (adverb) destruct – destructively
prevent – … (noun) prevent – prevention / preventing
prevent – … (adjective) prevent – preventive / preventative
prevent – … (adverb) prevent – preventively
conserve – … (noun) conserve – conservatory / conservator / conservation / conserving
conserve – … (adjective) conserve – conservative
conserve – … (adverb) conserve – conservatively
protect – … (noun) protect – protection / protector / protecting
protect – … (adjective) protect – protective
protect – … (adverb) protectively
vary – … (noun) vary – varying / variety
vary – … (adjective) vary – various / variative
vary – … (adverb) vary – variously
specify – … (noun) specify – specifying / species
specify – … (adjective) specify – specific
specify – … (adverb) specify – specifically
manufacture – … (noun) manufactory / manufacturer / manufacturing / manufacture
manufacture – … (adjective) manufacture – manufactured
compute – … (noun) compute – computor / computing
compute – … (adjective) compute – computerised
invent – … (noun) invent – inventor / inventing / invention
invent – … (adjective) invent – inventive
Упр. 13
discover – … (noun) discover – discoverer / discovery / discovering
discover – … (adjective) discover – discovered
import – … (noun) import – importer / import / importing
import – … (adjective) import – imported
construct – … (noun) construct – constructor / construction / constructing
construct – … (adjective) construct – constructive
construct – … (adverb) construct – constructively
evolve – … (noun) evolve – evolving / evolution
evolve – … (adjective) evolve – evolved
politicize – … (noun) politicize – politician / politics
politicize – … (adjective) politicize – political
politicize – … (adverb) politicize – politically
govern – … (noun) govern – government / governor / government / governing
govern – … (adjective) govern – governmental
govern – … (adverb) govern – governmentally
depart – … (noun) depart – department / departure
depart – … (noun) depart – departmental
depart – … (adverb) depart – departmentally
meet – … (noun) meet – meeting
meet – … (adjective) meet – met
produce – … (noun) produce – producer / producing / product
produce – … (adjective) produce – productive
produce – … (adverb) produce – productively
economize – … (noun) economize – economist / economy
economize – … (adjective) economize – economic / economical
economize – … (adverb) economize – economically
control – … (noun) control – controller / controlling / control
control – … (adjective) control – controlling
educate – … (noun) educate – education / educator / educating
educate – … (adjective) educate – educational / educated
teach – … (noun) teach – teacher / teaching
teach – … (adjective) teach – taught
survey – … (noun) survey – surveyor / surveying / survey
survey – … (adjective) survey – surveyed
study – … (noun) study – study / student / studying
study – … (adjective) study – studious
study – … (adverb) study – studiously
practise – … (noun) practise – practice / practitioner / practising
practise – … (adjective) practise – practising / practised
perform – … (noun) perform – performance / performer / performing
perform – … (adjective) perform – performing / performed
assess – … (noun) assess – assessor / assessing / assessment
assess – … (adjective) assess – assessed
qualify – … (noun) qualify – qualifier / qualifying / qualification
qualify – … (adjective) qualify – qualifying / qualified
Упр. 14
kind – unkind
honest – dishonest
credible – incredible
appear – disappear
fair – unfair
pleased – displeased
continue – discontinue
fasten – unfasten
normal – abnormal
employed – unemployed
friendly – unfriendly
trust – distrust
professional – unprofessional
known – unknown
cover – discover / uncover
safe – unsafe
use – abuse / misuse
probable – improbable
important – unimportant
emotional – unemotional