- •Contents
- •List of Figures
- •List of Tables
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction to MPI
- •Overview and Goals
- •Background of MPI-1.0
- •Background of MPI-1.1, MPI-1.2, and MPI-2.0
- •Background of MPI-1.3 and MPI-2.1
- •Background of MPI-2.2
- •Who Should Use This Standard?
- •What Platforms Are Targets For Implementation?
- •What Is Included In The Standard?
- •What Is Not Included In The Standard?
- •Organization of this Document
- •MPI Terms and Conventions
- •Document Notation
- •Naming Conventions
- •Semantic Terms
- •Data Types
- •Opaque Objects
- •Array Arguments
- •State
- •Named Constants
- •Choice
- •Addresses
- •Language Binding
- •Deprecated Names and Functions
- •Fortran Binding Issues
- •C Binding Issues
- •C++ Binding Issues
- •Functions and Macros
- •Processes
- •Error Handling
- •Implementation Issues
- •Independence of Basic Runtime Routines
- •Interaction with Signals
- •Examples
- •Point-to-Point Communication
- •Introduction
- •Blocking Send and Receive Operations
- •Blocking Send
- •Message Data
- •Message Envelope
- •Blocking Receive
- •Return Status
- •Passing MPI_STATUS_IGNORE for Status
- •Data Type Matching and Data Conversion
- •Type Matching Rules
- •Type MPI_CHARACTER
- •Data Conversion
- •Communication Modes
- •Semantics of Point-to-Point Communication
- •Buffer Allocation and Usage
- •Nonblocking Communication
- •Communication Request Objects
- •Communication Initiation
- •Communication Completion
- •Semantics of Nonblocking Communications
- •Multiple Completions
- •Non-destructive Test of status
- •Probe and Cancel
- •Persistent Communication Requests
- •Send-Receive
- •Null Processes
- •Datatypes
- •Derived Datatypes
- •Type Constructors with Explicit Addresses
- •Datatype Constructors
- •Subarray Datatype Constructor
- •Distributed Array Datatype Constructor
- •Address and Size Functions
- •Lower-Bound and Upper-Bound Markers
- •Extent and Bounds of Datatypes
- •True Extent of Datatypes
- •Commit and Free
- •Duplicating a Datatype
- •Use of General Datatypes in Communication
- •Correct Use of Addresses
- •Decoding a Datatype
- •Examples
- •Pack and Unpack
- •Canonical MPI_PACK and MPI_UNPACK
- •Collective Communication
- •Introduction and Overview
- •Communicator Argument
- •Applying Collective Operations to Intercommunicators
- •Barrier Synchronization
- •Broadcast
- •Example using MPI_BCAST
- •Gather
- •Examples using MPI_GATHER, MPI_GATHERV
- •Scatter
- •Examples using MPI_SCATTER, MPI_SCATTERV
- •Example using MPI_ALLGATHER
- •All-to-All Scatter/Gather
- •Global Reduction Operations
- •Reduce
- •Signed Characters and Reductions
- •MINLOC and MAXLOC
- •All-Reduce
- •Process-local reduction
- •Reduce-Scatter
- •MPI_REDUCE_SCATTER_BLOCK
- •MPI_REDUCE_SCATTER
- •Scan
- •Inclusive Scan
- •Exclusive Scan
- •Example using MPI_SCAN
- •Correctness
- •Introduction
- •Features Needed to Support Libraries
- •MPI's Support for Libraries
- •Basic Concepts
- •Groups
- •Contexts
- •Intra-Communicators
- •Group Management
- •Group Accessors
- •Group Constructors
- •Group Destructors
- •Communicator Management
- •Communicator Accessors
- •Communicator Constructors
- •Communicator Destructors
- •Motivating Examples
- •Current Practice #1
- •Current Practice #2
- •(Approximate) Current Practice #3
- •Example #4
- •Library Example #1
- •Library Example #2
- •Inter-Communication
- •Inter-communicator Accessors
- •Inter-communicator Operations
- •Inter-Communication Examples
- •Caching
- •Functionality
- •Communicators
- •Windows
- •Datatypes
- •Error Class for Invalid Keyval
- •Attributes Example
- •Naming Objects
- •Formalizing the Loosely Synchronous Model
- •Basic Statements
- •Models of Execution
- •Static communicator allocation
- •Dynamic communicator allocation
- •The General case
- •Process Topologies
- •Introduction
- •Virtual Topologies
- •Embedding in MPI
- •Overview of the Functions
- •Topology Constructors
- •Cartesian Constructor
- •Cartesian Convenience Function: MPI_DIMS_CREATE
- •General (Graph) Constructor
- •Distributed (Graph) Constructor
- •Topology Inquiry Functions
- •Cartesian Shift Coordinates
- •Partitioning of Cartesian structures
- •Low-Level Topology Functions
- •An Application Example
- •MPI Environmental Management
- •Implementation Information
- •Version Inquiries
- •Environmental Inquiries
- •Tag Values
- •Host Rank
- •IO Rank
- •Clock Synchronization
- •Memory Allocation
- •Error Handling
- •Error Handlers for Communicators
- •Error Handlers for Windows
- •Error Handlers for Files
- •Freeing Errorhandlers and Retrieving Error Strings
- •Error Codes and Classes
- •Error Classes, Error Codes, and Error Handlers
- •Timers and Synchronization
- •Startup
- •Allowing User Functions at Process Termination
- •Determining Whether MPI Has Finished
- •Portable MPI Process Startup
- •The Info Object
- •Process Creation and Management
- •Introduction
- •The Dynamic Process Model
- •Starting Processes
- •The Runtime Environment
- •Process Manager Interface
- •Processes in MPI
- •Starting Processes and Establishing Communication
- •Reserved Keys
- •Spawn Example
- •Manager-worker Example, Using MPI_COMM_SPAWN.
- •Establishing Communication
- •Names, Addresses, Ports, and All That
- •Server Routines
- •Client Routines
- •Name Publishing
- •Reserved Key Values
- •Client/Server Examples
- •Ocean/Atmosphere - Relies on Name Publishing
- •Simple Client-Server Example.
- •Other Functionality
- •Universe Size
- •Singleton MPI_INIT
- •MPI_APPNUM
- •Releasing Connections
- •Another Way to Establish MPI Communication
- •One-Sided Communications
- •Introduction
- •Initialization
- •Window Creation
- •Window Attributes
- •Communication Calls
- •Examples
- •Accumulate Functions
- •Synchronization Calls
- •Fence
- •General Active Target Synchronization
- •Lock
- •Assertions
- •Examples
- •Error Handling
- •Error Handlers
- •Error Classes
- •Semantics and Correctness
- •Atomicity
- •Progress
- •Registers and Compiler Optimizations
- •External Interfaces
- •Introduction
- •Generalized Requests
- •Examples
- •Associating Information with Status
- •MPI and Threads
- •General
- •Initialization
- •Introduction
- •File Manipulation
- •Opening a File
- •Closing a File
- •Deleting a File
- •Resizing a File
- •Preallocating Space for a File
- •Querying the Size of a File
- •Querying File Parameters
- •File Info
- •Reserved File Hints
- •File Views
- •Data Access
- •Data Access Routines
- •Positioning
- •Synchronism
- •Coordination
- •Data Access Conventions
- •Data Access with Individual File Pointers
- •Data Access with Shared File Pointers
- •Noncollective Operations
- •Collective Operations
- •Seek
- •Split Collective Data Access Routines
- •File Interoperability
- •Datatypes for File Interoperability
- •Extent Callback
- •Datarep Conversion Functions
- •Matching Data Representations
- •Consistency and Semantics
- •File Consistency
- •Random Access vs. Sequential Files
- •Progress
- •Collective File Operations
- •Type Matching
- •Logical vs. Physical File Layout
- •File Size
- •Examples
- •Asynchronous I/O
- •I/O Error Handling
- •I/O Error Classes
- •Examples
- •Subarray Filetype Constructor
- •Requirements
- •Discussion
- •Logic of the Design
- •Examples
- •MPI Library Implementation
- •Systems with Weak Symbols
- •Systems Without Weak Symbols
- •Complications
- •Multiple Counting
- •Linker Oddities
- •Multiple Levels of Interception
- •Deprecated Functions
- •Deprecated since MPI-2.0
- •Deprecated since MPI-2.2
- •Language Bindings
- •Overview
- •Design
- •C++ Classes for MPI
- •Class Member Functions for MPI
- •Semantics
- •C++ Datatypes
- •Communicators
- •Exceptions
- •Mixed-Language Operability
- •Problems With Fortran Bindings for MPI
- •Problems Due to Strong Typing
- •Problems Due to Data Copying and Sequence Association
- •Special Constants
- •Fortran 90 Derived Types
- •A Problem with Register Optimization
- •Basic Fortran Support
- •Extended Fortran Support
- •The mpi Module
- •No Type Mismatch Problems for Subroutines with Choice Arguments
- •Additional Support for Fortran Numeric Intrinsic Types
- •Language Interoperability
- •Introduction
- •Assumptions
- •Initialization
- •Transfer of Handles
- •Status
- •MPI Opaque Objects
- •Datatypes
- •Callback Functions
- •Error Handlers
- •Reduce Operations
- •Addresses
- •Attributes
- •Extra State
- •Constants
- •Interlanguage Communication
- •Language Bindings Summary
- •Groups, Contexts, Communicators, and Caching Fortran Bindings
- •External Interfaces C++ Bindings
- •Change-Log
- •Bibliography
- •Examples Index
- •MPI Declarations Index
- •MPI Function Index
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
208CHAPTER 6. GROUPS, CONTEXTS, COMMUNICATORS, AND CACHING
/* Determine my color */
MPI_Comm_rank ( multiple_server_comm, &rank ); color = rank % num_servers;
/* Split the intercommunicator */
MPI_Comm_split ( multiple_server_comm, color, rank, &single_server_comm );
The following is the corresponding server code:
/* Server |
code */ |
MPI_Comm |
multiple_client_comm; |
MPI_Comm |
single_server_comm; |
int |
rank; |
/* Create intercommunicator with clients and servers: multiple_client_comm */
...
/* Split the intercommunicator for a single server per group of clients */
MPI_Comm_rank ( multiple_client_comm, &rank );
MPI_Comm_split ( multiple_client_comm, rank, 0,
&single_server_comm );
27 |
6.4.3 Communicator Destructors |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
29 |
|
|
30 |
MPI_COMM_FREE(comm) |
|
31 |
INOUT comm |
communicator to be destroyed (handle) |
|
||
32 |
|
|
33
int MPI_Comm_free(MPI_Comm *comm)
34
35MPI_COMM_FREE(COMM, IERROR)
36INTEGER COMM, IERROR
37
fvoid MPI::Comm::Free() (binding deprecated, see Section 15.2) g
38
39This collective operation marks the communication object for deallocation. The handle
40is set to MPI_COMM_NULL. Any pending operations that use this communicator will com-
41plete normally; the object is actually deallocated only if there are no other active references
42to it. This call applies to intraand inter-communicators. The delete callback functions for
43all cached attributes (see Section 6.7) are called in arbitrary order.
44
45Advice to implementors. A reference-count mechanism may be used: the reference
46count is incremented by each call to MPI_COMM_DUP, and decremented by each call
47to MPI_COMM_FREE. The object is ultimately deallocated when the count reaches
48zero.