комплексная реабилитация
.pdf
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
2.ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
3.Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɝɪɭɛɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɍɲɟɪɚ, ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɉɚɣɥɹ), ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɨ-ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɥɭɯɨ – ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɠɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɢ
ɢɝɥɭɯɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɟɳɟ 15-20 ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɟɣ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɪɞɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɯɚ, ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɋɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
317
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ, ɞɨɦɚɲɧɸɸ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
1.Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ). ȼ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ (ɊɇɉɐȺɢɋ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ).
2.ɋɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɜɢɞ, ɬɢɩ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɲɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲɟɣ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ).
3.Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ (ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ/ɧɚ ɭɯɟ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɭɯɨɞɭ, ɞɟɡɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲɟɣ, ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ).
4.Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ (1 ɪɚɡ ɜ 4 ɝɨɞɚ) ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɩɪɨɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ
ɢɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɭɝɨɭɯɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɚɹ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɹ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɭɯɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ.
Ʉɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ.
318
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
Ʉɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɚɹ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɤɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ (ɨɬɨɪɢɧɨɥɚɪɢɧɝɨɥɨɝɢ, ɫɭɪɞɨɥɨɝɢ, ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢ, ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ).
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɥɭɯɭ ɫ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ: ɨɬ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ. ɗɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ (ɩɨɫɬɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ). Ʉ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ, ɞɥɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ. ɍ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɚɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ. ɉɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɪɟɱɶ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ.
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ. ɍ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ; ɭ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɶɸ. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɯ (ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ), ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɣ ɫ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
319
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɧɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ.
Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ. ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ: ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ – ɷɬɨ ɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ, ɦɟɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɭ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬɫɹ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ. ɍ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 6-8 ɥɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɟɧ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ. ɇɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ, ɧɢ ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ, ɧɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɢ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɦ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ (ɨɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɞɨ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ) ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ: ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɬɟɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɟɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ - ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɥɢ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ.
320
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ 2 ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɨɝɥɨɯɲɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ, ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ.
ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɢ ɭ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɨɬ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɡɞɧɨ ɨɝɥɨɯɲɢɦɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 10 ɥɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɝɥɨɯɲɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ) ɢɥɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 ɥɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɨ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ), ɩɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɯɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɫ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɨɧɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɱɥɟɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɨ-ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫɥɵɲɚɳɢɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɟ ɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɝɥɨɯɲɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɠɢɡɧɢ (ɞɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ), ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 12-18 ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɞɨ 3 ɥɟɬ (ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ).
ɍɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ (ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɨɞɚ) ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɫɟɧɫɨɧɟɜɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɟ 40%, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 4-6 ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɞɧɟɣ (ɩɨ ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ): ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ) ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ-ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɭɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ, ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
321
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ – ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ. Ⱥɭɞɢɨɥɨɝɭ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ (ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɚ, ɫɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɦɭɸ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɋɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɍɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ) ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ). Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ – ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɩɨɬɥɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ (ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɚɧɫɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ) ɢ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɂ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:
xɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ) ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ;
xɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ, ɲɤɨɥɵ), ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɢ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɜ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɱɢ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɯɥɟɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚ.
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɊɎ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
322
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ. ȼ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ Ɇɢɧɡɞɪɚɜɫɨɡɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɊɎ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ (ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ) ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ (ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɢ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ) ɩɪɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɝɨɬɨɜɹɳɢɯ ɫɭɪɞɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ (ɋȾɈɍ) ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ (ɋɄɈɍ) ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ
(ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɟɞɢɤɨ- ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ, PMS-ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɐɟɧɬɪ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɋ- ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɢ ɪɟɱɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɛɨɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ («Suvag» Ɂɚɝɪɟɛ, ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɹ) ɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ.
ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɯɨɦ:
323
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɫɭɪɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɚɯ ɢ ɅɈɊ-ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ (ȼɈȽ), ɩɨɞɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ȼɈȽ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ, ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ȼɈȽ, ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ȼɈȽ (ɬɟɚɬɪɵ, ɞɨɦɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɤɥɭɛɵ), ɜ ɤɥɭɛɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ȼɈȽ.
324
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 5. ɉɊɂɆȿɊɕ ɍɋɉȿɒɇɈȽɈ ȼɇȿȾɊȿɇɂə ɆɈȾȿɅɂ
ȼɉɂɅɈɌɇɕɏ ɊȿȽɂɈɇȺɏ ɉɊɈȿɄɌȺ
ȼɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɉɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ |
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ: |
|
Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
9«Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ»
9«Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ (ɨɬ 18 ɞɨ 35 ɥɟɬ) ɜ Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ» ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
9«Ɉɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɬɹɦɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ»
9«Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ» Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
9«Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ»
9«Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ»
ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
9«ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɪɭɞɨɜɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ»
9«ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ» Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ —
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ (ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ), ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
325
ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɫɨ ɫɯɨɠɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ:
Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ.
ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ — ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ», ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ (400-500 ɤɦ) ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ «Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ», ɜɵɹɜɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɢɫɤɢ ɢɡ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɢɲɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ»
ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ «ɒɚɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ», ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ «ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ», ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. «Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ» ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ:
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ), ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ:
9 Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ ɧɚ
326