Vocabulary

1. antimatter (n) – антиматерия

2. approach (n) - подход

3. awareness (n) – информированность, сознание, aware (adj.) – знающий, осведомленный

4. Calabi-Yau space – многообразие Калаби-Яу

5. cross-fertilization – взаимное обогащение

6. curiosity (n) – любопытство

7. explicit (adj) – ясный, точный, определенный

8. fiber bundles – расслоенное пространство, пучки

9. frilly surface – сборчатая поверхность

10. gauge field – калибровочное поле

11. leafy vegetables – листовые овощи

12. manifolds (n) – мультиплеты

13. particle physics – физика элементарных частиц

14. permeate (v) - распространяться, охватывать

15. pervasive (adj) – распространенный

16. polynomial equations – полиноминальные уравнения

17. positive curvature – положительная кривизна

18. positron emission tomography – позитронно-эмиссионная томография

19. Riemannian geometry – риманова геометрия

20. string theory – теория струн

21. variables (n) – переменные, показатели

22. contribute (v) - вносить вклад

23. continuum (n) - постоянство, наличие, присутствие

24. invoke (v) - прибегать к чему-либо

25. wireless (adj) - беспроводной

26. spatial (adj) - пространственный

27. facilitate (v) - облегчать, способствовать

1. Read the text The mathematical sciences in everyday life and match each highlighted word with its correct definition.

1) to give (support, money, etc) for a common purpose or fund

2) widespread,general,common,extensiveuniversal,prevalent

3) to appeal to (an outside agent or authority) for confirmation, corroboration, etc

4) a change or adaptation in form, character, or function

5) obtainable or accessible; capable of being made use of; at hand

6) communicating without connecting wires or other material contacts 

7) the use of a common communications channel for sending two or more messages or signals

8) examination of an organ or part for diagnostic purposes.

9) to make easier; assist the progress of

10) a considered opinion; judgment

The mathematical sciences in everyday life

Modern communication, transportation, science, engineering, technology, medicine, manufacturing, security, and finance all depend on the mathematical sciences, which consist of mathematics, statistics, operations research, and theoretical computer science. In addition, there are very mathematical people working in theoretical areas of most fields of science and engineering who also contribute to the mathematical sciences. There is a healthy continuum between research in the mathematical sciences, which may or may not be pursued with an application in mind, and the range of applications to which mathematical science advances contribute. To function well in a technologically advanced society, every educated person should be familiar with multiple aspects of the mathematical sciences.

Although the mathematical sciences are pervasive, they are often invoked without an explicit awareness of their presence. For example, in the everyday operation of making a cell phone call, the mathematical sciences are essential in every step: We enter numbers in the decimal system, which are converted into sequences of bits (zeros and ones); next comes conversion to an electromagnetic signal; after an available receiver is located, the signal is transmitted and (finally) converted into the sound of our voice. Wireless technology uses techniques called “error correcting codes,” “linear and nonlinear filtering,” “hypothesis testing,” “spatial multiplexing,” “statistical waveform or parameter estimation,” and these are built on tools of the mathematical sciences, such as matrix analysis, linear algebra, algebra, random matrices, graphical models, and so on.

More generally, the mathematical sciences contribute to modern life whenever data must be analyzed or when computational modeling and simulation is used to enable design and analysis of systems or exploration of “what-if” scenarios. The emergence of truly massive data sets across most fields of science and engineering, and in business, government, and national security, increases the need for new tools from the mathematical sciences. Because the mathematical sciences are independent of a particular scientific context, they can facilitate the translation of advances from one discipline to another.

The mathematical sciences provide a language - numbers, symbols, graphs, and diagrams - for expressing ideas in everyday life as well as in science, engineering, medicine, business, and the arts. Mathematical symbols, which are more universal than Chinese, English, or Arabic, allow communication across communities with completely dissimilar spoken and written languages.

There have been many recent advances made possible by research in the mathematical sciences.

1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following phrases in the text above.

1. linear and nonlinear filtering

2. hypothesis testing

3. spatial multiplexing

4. statistical waveform or parameter estimation

3. Read the text. Put the correct words from the table below.