1) Связанный с применением наказания

punitive article — статья, устанавливающая уголовную санк­цию

2) Карательный; штрафной

punitive action — карательная мера, карательная акция

Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents:

1. карательная мера

2. карательное воздействие

3. карательное правосудие

4. карательное учреждение

5. лишение свободы как кара

за совершенное преступление

6. уголовное законодательство

7. sentencing institution justice law

   legislation

   measure

   treatment

   1. punitive

   2. punitive

   3. punitive

   4. punitive

   5. punitive

   6. punitive

   7. punitive

   уголовный закон

TASK 4, Point out the main ideas of the text in Task 1. Make a list of them.

ТЛ£К5. Work in teams and write down false statements based on the text in Task 1 (no fewer than 6 statements). Present them in class. Usethe information from the text in Task 1 to refute the other team's false statements.

TASK 6. Complete the following text with the words and expressions from the box:

From the History of Punishment

■ ■ ■ \ felons; offender; beheading; adultery; pillory; punishment, execution; deliberately; condemned; ancient; medieval; guilty; legal; public

V _:J

For the most history has been both painful and

in order to act as deterrent, to others. Physical punishments

and public humiliations were social events and carried out in most accessible parts of towns, often одmarket days when the greater part of the population were present. Justice had to be seen to be done.

One of the most bizarre methods of was inflicted in

ancient Rome on people found of murdering their fathers-

Their punishment was to be put in a sack with a rooster, a viper, and a dog, then drowned along with the three animals.

In Greece

the custom of allowing a _____ man to end his own life by poison was extended only to full citizens. The philosopher Socrates died in this way. Condemned slaves were beaten to death instead. Stoning was the ancient method of punishment for among other crimes.

In Turkey if a butcher was found guilty of selling bad meat, he was tied to a post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose, or a baker having sold short weight bread could be nailed to his door by his ear

One of the most common punishments for petty offences was

the , which stood in the main square of towns. The

was locked by hands and head into the device and made

to stand sometimes for days, while crowds jeered and pelted the offender wilh rotten vegetables or worse.

In Europe some methods of execution were

drawn out to inflict maximum suffering. were tied to a

heavy wheel and roiled around the streets until they were crushed to death. Others were strangled, very slowly. One of the most terrible punishments was hanging and quartering. The victim was hanged, beheaded and the body cut into four pieces. It remained a

method of punishment in Britain until 1814.

was normally reserved for those of high rank. In England a block and axe was the common method but this was different from France and Germany where the victim kneeled and the head was taken off with a swing of the sword.

TASK 7.Answer the following questions:

1. Why did ancient punishment have to be painful?

2. What was the purpose of making punishments public?

3. What was the symbolic meaning of the punishment inflicted on the parents' murderers?

4. What punishments were most common in the East?

5. How did punishments reflect social status?