Урология - Urolithiasis

Open and laparoscopic surgery

Open and laparoscopic surgery are reserved for stones that have not been treatable with less invasive treatment options or are associated with extensive anatomic abnormalities that require simultaneous repair (only for 2% of patients).

Neprectomy is performed only in case of secondary pyonephrosis or 3 stage hydrohephrosis with nephrogenous arterial hypertension

Surgical approach to kidney

a- Simone, б - Tcherni, в –

Bergman-Israel, г – Peans, д -

Fedorovs

Nephrolitotomy

Posterior pyelolithotomy

Ureterolithotomy

Cystolithotomy