11. The anglo-saxon conguest

Anglo-Saxons is the term usually used to describe the invading Germanic tribes in the south and east of Great Britain from the early 5th century AD, and their creation of the English nation, to the Norman conquest of 1066. The Benedictine monk, Bede, identified them as the descendants of three Germanic tribes: The Angles, The Saxons, The Jutes.

Their language (Old English) derives from "Ingvaeonic" West Germanic dialects and transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish.

Old English, sometimes called Anglo-Saxon, was the language spoken under Alfred the Great and continued to be the common language of England (non-Danelaw) until after the Norman Conquest of 1066 when, under the influence of the Anglo-Norman language spoken by the Norman ruling class, it changed into Middle English roughly between 1150–1500.

12/ the simple sentence

A simple sentence is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses. This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, dog, and one predicate, barked and howled at the cat. This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate: barked and howled. This compound verb should not be confused with a compound sentence. In the backyard and at the cat are prepositional phrases..

13. chronological division in the history of english

Old English is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and south-eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. It is a West Germanic language and is closely related to Old Frisian. Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of approximately 700 years– from the Anglo-Saxon migrations that created England in the 5th century to some time after the Norman Conquest of 1066 when the language underwent a dramatic transition. A large percentage of the educated and literate population of the time were competent in Latin.

The second major source of loanwords to Old English was the Scandinavian words introduced during the Viking invasions of the 99HYPERLINK "th_century%229th"th and 10HYPERLINK "file:///wiki/10th_century"th centuries. In addition to a great many place names, these consist mainly of items of basic vocabulary, and words concerned with particular administrative aspects of the Danelaw .

Middle English is the name given by historical linguists to the diverse forms of the English language in use between the late 11HYPERLINK "file:///wiki/11th_century"th century and about 1470, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in the late 1470HYPERLINK "file:///wiki/1470s"s.

Unlike Old English, Middle English displays a wide variety of scribal (and presumably dialectal) forms. Further, these written forms may not always be an accurate representation of the English as spoken at that time, although they are generally assumed to be more accurate representations of speech than those found in Old English texts.

Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, completed in roughly 1550.Despite some differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English or Elizabethan English.

Modern English has a large number of dialects spoken in diverse countries throughout the world. This includes American English, Australian English, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Hiberno-English, Indo-Pakistani English, New Zealand English, Philippine English, Singaporean English, and South African English.