- •Key Terms
- •2.0 The Life-Span Perspective
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 2 The Science of Life-Span Development
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section II Beginnings Chapter 3 Biological Beginnings Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section III Infancy Chapter 5 Physical Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 6 Cognitive Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Chapter 7 Socioemotional Development in Infancy Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section IV Chapter 8 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 9 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section V Middle and Late Childhood Chapter 10 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 11 Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VI Adolescence Chapter 12 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 13 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VII Early Adulthood Chapter 14 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Сhapter 15 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood Summary
- •Key terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section VIII Middle Adulthood Chapter 16 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 17 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Section IX Late Adulthood Chapter 18 Physical Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 19 Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 20 Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Chapter 21 Death and Dying Summary
- •Key Terms
- •Essay and Critical Thinking Questions
- •Research Project 2 Journal Article Critique
- •Research Project 2 Genetic Counseling Available to You
- •Research Project 1 Why Do Some Pregnant Women Drink, Smoke, or Use Drugs?
- •Research Project 2 Fatherhood
- •Research Project 1 Cross Motor Activity
- •Research Project 1 Object Permanence
- •Research Project 2 Mother-Infant Language
- •Research Project 1 Attachment Behaviors
- •Research Project 2 Development of Self in Infants
- •Project 1 Memory Span
- •Research Project 2 Language Errors
- •Research Project 1 Parten's Play Styles
- •Research Project 2 Altruism-Empathy Observations
- •Research Project 1 Current Exercise Levels
- •Research Project 2 Conservation Tasks
- •Research Project 1 Children Attitudes Towards School
- •Research Project 2 Gender Roles and Television
- •Research Project 2 Piaget’s Pendulum Problem
- •Research project 1 Interviewing Friends about Dating
- •Research Project 2 Marcia’s Statuses of Identity
- •Research Project 1 College Students and the Use of Alcohol
- •Research Project 2 Motivation – The Values of Adolescents
- •Research Project 1 The Marriage Quiz
- •Research Project 2 Gender and Age Roles in Magazine Advertisements
- •Research Project 1 Song Lyric Values
- •Research Project 2 Archival Research
- •Research Project 1 Adult Stage Theories in Biographies
- •Research Project 2 Your Life Review
- •Research Project 1 Variations in Life-Expectancy
- •Research Project 2 Knowledge of Older Adults
- •Research Project 1 Free Recall among College Students and Older Adults
- •Research Project 2 Physical and Mental Health Care of the Elderly
- •Research Project 1 Collecting a Life Story
- •Research Project 2 Old People at College
- •Research Project 1 Experiencing Others’ Deaths
- •Research Project 2 Hospices in Your Community
Research Project 1 Attachment Behaviors
In this exercise you will examine attachment behavior using naturalistic observation. Go to a local shopping mall and observe a mother with an infant 12 to 18 months old. Observe for a period of 15 minutes. Describe the behaviors you see occurring using the following data sheet. Then answer the questions that follow.
Behaviors Child Age____ Sex____
Talking
Laughing
Tickling
Clinging
Crying
Escaping
Retrieving
Mutual gaze
Hitting
Smiling
Yelling
Generally positive
interaction .
Generally negative
interaction
Questions
What kinds of behaviors did your mother-infant engage in? Did the infant use the mother as the base for exploration? Was the infant allowed to explore?
According to the categories secure and insecure, how did this pair seem? Were interactions generally positive or generally negative? Did the relationship seem warm and affectionate or hostile?
What kind of parenting style seemed to characterize this pair: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive indulgent, or permissive indifferent? Do you think the style is partially determined by the age of the infant? How?
Research Project 2 Development of Self in Infants
This project examines the development of the self in infants. You will test an 8-month-old infant and an 18-month-old infant with a mirror recognition task. Two tasks will test for mirror recognition of the self and of an object near the infant. Then answer the questions about your observations. The task descriptions, worksheet, and questions follow.
Task 1: Have the mother stand behind the infant and hold an attractive toy above and slightly behind the infant's head, so that the infant can see the toy in the mirror but cannot see the toy itself. Record whether the infant reaches for the reflection of the toy in the mirror or turns around and reaches for the toy itself.
Task 2: For one minute, count the number of times the infant touches his or her nose while looking in the mirror. Then have the mother put a dab of rouge on the infant’s nose, and turn the infant back toward the mirror. For the next minute count the number of tines the infant touches its nose and the number of times it touches the reflection of its nose. Use the following worksheet for your data.
DATA SHEET
Child 1 Child 2
Sex __ Age__ Sex __ Age___
Task 1
Reaches to mirror
Reaches to toy
Task 2
Touches mirror
Touches nose
Questions
Does the 8-monffi-old infant reach for the object? Does the 18-month-old reach for the object? Does either infant reach for the reflection of the toy in the mirror? If so, which infant?
How does the'8-month-old infant react to his or her image in the mirror with the rouge en his or her nose? How does the l8~mdhth-old infant react to the image in the mirror with the rouge on the nose? Do the infants of different ages react differently? Explain this difference.
Is there a difference in the development of the ability to recognize the self and the ability tо recognize an object in a mirror? If so, why would this be?
Chapter 8