August events and foundation of cis.

On August 19, 1991 Declaration announced, which was signed by G.A.Janayev – vice-president of the USSR, O.D.Baclanov – vice-chairman of the Defense Soviet of the USSR, V.S.Pavlov - prime-minister of the USSR, where information about abdication of M.Gorbachev – President of the USSR was declared. Extraordinary State Committee was founded. M.Gorbachev was isolated from country. He refused to abdicate of President Post.

Decree 1 obliged all organs of the USSR, republics, regions, cities, villages to observe extraordinary regime. Meetings, demonstrations, strikes were prohibited.

Decree 2. Press was controlled. Newspapers, which differed by democracy and progress were baned.(«Комсомольская правда», «Известия», «Труд», «Рабочая жизнь», “Moscow news”).

The main part of Kazakhstanians didn’t approve ESC. Social-political organizations “Azat”, “Zheltoksan”, Social-Democratic party didn’t receive ESC and called to boycott of ESC. N.Nazarbayev declared, that extraordinary situation didn’t introduce in Kazakhstan.

Meanwhile, “White House” was surrounded by military forces. Resistance to ESC was headed by Russian President B.Eltsin, Rutskoy A.– vice-president, Khasbulatov R.- Executive Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR, A.Sobchak – a governor of Leningrad.

Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan didn’t support Decrees of ESC. G.Bush – President of the USA made official Declaration about supporting President of Russia B.Eltsin. Represantatives of the European Economic Committee demanded to return of M.Gorbachev.

Foundation of ESC was approved by Sadham Hussein (Iraq) and China.

On August 21, M.Gorbachev came back Moscow. Leaders of ESC were arrested. Attempts of the leaders of ESC to reanimate administrative system led to disintegration of the USSR.

Ukraine and Azerbaijan formed own armies. President of Kazakhstan N.Nazarbayev promulgated decree “About foundation of the Security Soviet of Kaz.SSR”, “About foundation of gold stock and diamond fund of Kaz.SSR”. Semipalatinsk nuclear polygon was closed by Decree of President.

Dissolution of CPK. In August 1991 President N.Nazarbayev announced about going out Politburo of CC CPSU. In September 1991 Congress of CPK declared about dissolution of CPK and foundation of new party, which was named Socialist party. On October 5, 1991 People Congress of Kazakhstan was founded. O.Suleymenov and M.Shakhanov were leaders of Congress.

Disintegration of the USSR and foundation of CIS. Leaders of RSFSR, Byelorussia and Ukraine met in Minsk in the beginning of December, where declared about abolition of Treaty of foundation of the USSR in 1922 and signed agreement about foundation the CIS.

On December 13, 1991 leaders of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan met in Ashkhabad, where announced support Minsk decisions.

On December 20, 1991 heads of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Byelorussia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, RSFSR, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan met in Almaty for foundation of the CIS.

On December 21, 1991 CIS was formed.

Lecture 28: Social-political movements in Kazakhstan (80-90-s) XX century

The objective of the lecture: To show of the State Independence and national election of President. Differences between Constitutions of 1993 and 1995.

Outline of the lecture:

8. Declaration of State Independence. National election of President.

9. Constitutions of 1993 and 1995. Foundation of multiparty system.

Declaration of State Independence. National election of President.

After declaration of Sovereignty of Kazakhstan, the National election of President was needed.

According to Decree of the Supreme Soviet of Kaz.SSR (from October 16, 1991) the National election of President was appointed on December 1,1991. It was first National election of the head of State. “Law about election of President” was adopted, and candidature of N.Nazarbayev was represented. Biography: He was born in 1940 in Chemolgan village of Kaskelen region, Almaty oblast. He has high education, engineer, and doctor of economy sciences. His labour activity began in 1960 as a worker in Temirtau (Karaganda region). In 1969-1971 he was the first Secretary of Temirtau gorkom Komsomol, in 1971 the second Secretary of Temirtau gorcom of party. In 1979-1984 he was a Secretary of CC CPK. In 1984 he was appointed a Chairman of the Council of Ministries of Kazakhstan. In June 1989 he was assigned the first Secretary of CC CPK. In April, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Kaz.SSR elected him a President of Kaz.SSR. On National elections on December 1, 1991, N.Nazarbayev was elected a President of Kazakhstan, E.M.Asanbayev – a Vice-president.

On December 10, 1991 according decision of Supreme Soviet, Kaz.SSR was renamed in Republic of Kazakhstan (RK).

Towns, streets, squares were renamed. The names of national heroes, batyrs were returned: Abylay, Kabanbay, Shakarim, Tolebi and others.

On December 12, 1991 Decree “About rehabilitation citizens, which took part on 17-18 December events 1986” was signed. On December 16, 1991 “Law about Independence of Kazakhstan” was adopted.

Chapter I declared, that Kazakhstan is Independence, democratic, legal state. Kazakhstan had full power on own territory. Define internal and external policy. The territory of Kazakhstan is indivisible and inviolability.

Chapter II. Citizens of Republic any nationality, religion, origination, social and property statute, occupation possess all rights and duties. Kazakhs, which left Kazakhstan, can receive Kazakhstan citizenship. One of the main duties of the state is a revival and development of culture, traditions and language of Kazakhs and other nationalities.

Chapter III. Structure of organs of State power of RK was defined. President is a head of RK.

Chapter IV. Economy basis of Independence Republic was defined. State possesses by independence economic system, which based on multitude and equality forms of property. RK has own state symbols: insignia, flag, national anthem.

Kazakhstan was recognized by many states. On March, 2, 1992 RK became a member of UNO.