4.4. Французька мова

1. Крючков Г.Г. Французька мова. Прискорений курс. – Київ «Вища школа». –1994.

4.4.1. Література для студентів економічних спеціальностей

1. Посібник з навчання читанню та розумінню текстів з економіки (французька мова). – Донецьк, 2000.

4.4.2. Література для студентів природничих і гуманітарних спеціальностей

1. Турусова А.М. Тексты на французском языке для студентов-физиков. – Л.: Изд-во Ленинградского университета, 1971.

2. Посібник з навчання читанню та розумінню текстів з ботаніки (французька мова). – Донецьк, 2000.

3. Capelle G.Le Nouvel espace. Méthode de français. – Paris: Hachette, 1998.

4. Girardet J., Pêcheur J. Campus. Méthode de Français, 1-2. – Paris: Clé International, 2004.

ДОДАТОК 1. ПРИКЛАД ЗАВДАННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ ДЛЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

ЧАСТИНА І

Read the article below. For each question 1-6, mark one letter (А, В, С or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.

PROBLEMS FACING POTENTIAL EXPORTERS

Many firms fail because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plan. To be successful, a firm must clearly define goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objective, regardless of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.

Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective view of this process carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should evetually outweigh the investment.

Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent's reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor's facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.

Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms: too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.

If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, and their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributor's geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available.

Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.

1 In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should

A get professional advice.

В study international marketing.

С identify the most profitable markets.

D have different objectives to other exporters.

2 The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken

A initial difficulties can be easily avoided.

В the costs can be recovered quite quickly.

С management will become more committed.

D the exporter will be successful in the long term.

3 An exporter should choose a distributor who

A has experienced personnel.

В has good-communication skills.

С is well-established in the target market.

D is not financially dependent on the import business.

4 New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when

A distribution costs are too high.

В their product is selling well at home.

С there is a global economic recession.

D distributors cannot make safety modifications.

5 For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must

A focus on one particular region.

В finance local advertising campaigns.

С give the same support as to domestic agents.

D make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locally.

6 In the last paragraph, the writer states that some companies are reluctant to export because

A there is little demand for their products.

В the importation of certain goods is controlled.

С they do not have good marketing techniques.

D they are not able to compete with local businesses.

Read the text below and choose the best word to fill each gap. For each question 7-10, mark one letter (А, В, С or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose

THE ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE

Although brand image is not the only reason why certain products are successful, it is an extremely important part of an overall marketing strategy. In fact, many manufactures (7)……….. such a high value on their brands that they employ legal experts to (8)……….them from misuse by imitators and counterfeit traders. In addition, companies (9) ……. employees with handbooks which (10)……… how their logos should be used – for example the size and colour of graphics and suitable ways of displaying the product.

7	A	present	B	place	C	settle	D	rest
8	A	avoid	B	control	C	support	D	protect
9	A	provide	B	give	C	deliver	D	arrange
10	A	appoint	B	specify	C	assign	D	prefer

Ключ

Питання	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Відповідь	A	D	C	B	C	B	B	D	A	B

ЧАСТИНА ІІ

For each question 11-20, mark one letter (А, В, С or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.

11. The answers … are based on our experience.

A provided

B provide

C providing

D when provided

12. They can visit … more places next year.

A much

B many

C a little

D fewer

13. Teachers should … energetic, enthusiastic, and reliable.

A flexible

B to be flexible

C be flexible

D flexibility

14. They should know and understand the curriculum as well as effective techniques for … the curriculum to the students.

A deliver

B delivering

C delivered

D having delivered

15. Everybody is interested in the problem … at our scientific conference.

A to discuss

B when discussion

C that discussed

D to be discussed

16. When encouraged to do so, students actively participate in learning by …, exploring, and discussing.

A investigating

B to investigate

C investigation

D investigate

17. Weekly seminars … to discuss the appropriate application of technology.

A to be designed

B designing

C designed

D are designed

18. … anything go wrong, the whole project would fail.

A When

B Should

C Unfortunately

D As ill luck would have it

19. Oxygen … to be the most abundant element.

A known

B to know

C is known

D knowing

20. It was necessary that this work … done in time.

A to be

B had been

C was

D be

Ключ

Питання	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
Відповідь	A	B	C	B	D	A	D	B	C	D

ДОДАТОК 2. ПРИКЛАД ЗАВДАННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ ДЛЯ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ І ГУМАНІТАРНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

ЧАСТИНА І

Read the text.

Imperial English: The Language of Science?

(1) Werner Heisenberg learned Latin, Greek and French when he was a gymnasium student in Munich. Later, when he worked in Copenhagen, he tackled English and Danish, using mealtimes as his language lab: English conversation during breakfast; Danish read aloud from the newspaper by his landlady afterward. This is not the kind of anecdote we associate with today’s science majors in the US, that resolutely monolingual lot. Science students here are rarely to be found in a school language lab, much less a spontaneous one, and when they do speak another language, it is usually because of family background, not classroom instruction. Then they graduate, attend a conference with colleagues from other countries and discover the international hallmark of US science: linguistic incompetence.

(2) We are the people who can no longer be bothered to learn another language. To be sure, we really haven’t had to since the 1960s, for in the years since World War II English has gradually but inexorably become the lingua franca of science. Today it is the universal currency of international publications as well as of meetings. Those of us who need to keep up with, say, Angewandte Chemie need not worry about mastering German; we can leave it to the journal’s staff, whose English is not doubt immaculate, to provide us with a convenient edition published, of course, in English.

(3) It wasn’t always this way. For the 200 years before World War II, most scientific work was reported in German, French or English, in that order of importance. People who wanted to keep up with a specialization had to learn the dominant language of the field. For example, scientists who wished to understand quantum mechanics in the 1920s had to learn German. …

(4) After World War II, the linguistic balance of power shifted. The US economy boomed, and science grew rapidly as vast federal expenditure, often fueled by the cold war, poured into research and development. US scientists flocked to conferences, bringing their language with them; US scientific publications burgeoned, and their huge readerships made them highly desirable to scientists throughout the world who realized English was a medium through which they could be widely read and cited. …

(5) English is indeed the new Latin. It has become a successor to the scholarly language once so powerful that Christian Huygens delayed publishing Traité de la Lumière for 12 years in hopes of translating it into Latin so as “to obtain greater attention to the thing”. And there is a second way that English may parallel Latin. Latin outlived the Roman Empire, surviving long after the government that spread it through the world had vanished. So may the international use of English outlast US scientific domination. The ascent of English, after all, had little to do with any inherent linguistic virtues. True, English has an unusually rich vocabulary; instead of resisting new terms, we welcome them, particularly in science and technology – les anglicismes have conquered the world.

The statements below express the main idea of each paragraph. Match choices (A-G) to (1-5). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A After World War II the USA became the international leader in science and technology.

B Unlike Heisenberg, most American science students only speak English.

C Americans may be changing their attitude to learning foreign languages.

D English may survive longer than American scientific leadership just as Latin survived longer than the Roman Empire.

E In many countries English is now a practical second language.

F American scientists have not needed to learn other languages for the last few decades.

G Before World War II scientists had to learn foreign languages in order to understand scientific publications.

For (6-9) choose the correct answer (A, B, or C). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

6. In the 1^st paragraph the author makes a point that

A US scientists today seldom speak foreign languages.

B science students never go to language laboratories.

C most scientists all over the world are linguistically incompetent.

7 In the 2^nd paragraph English is mentioned as

A the language used by the editors of scientific journals.

B the language used for communication among the scientists of different mother tongues.

C the language used for communication at the scientific meetings.

8 In order to keep up with the world science before World War II scientists had to

A learn German since it was the dominant language of science.

B learn German, French and English.

C learn the language of the country dominating in this or that branch of science.

9 English became the universal language of science after World War II because of

A fast growth of the US economy.

B rapid expansion of the US science all over the world due to proper funding.

C extreme popularity of the US scientific publications.

For (10) choose T if the statement is true according to the text, F if it is false or NG if the information is not given in the text.

10 In the final paragraph the author states that English has become popular as the lingua franca of science because of its extremely rich vocabulary.

Ключ

Питання	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Відповідь	B	F	G	A	D	A	B	C	C	Т

ЧАСТИНА ІІ

For each question 11-20, mark one letter (А, В, С or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.

11 The cordless telephone ... available to the professional and general public in the years between 1970 and 1980.

A is becoming

B became

C has become

D had become

12 Recently, there ... considerable discussion about technology investments.

A is

B has been

C was

D is going to be

13 If you ... role in leadership, you are going to develop special skills.

A take on

B took on

C will take on

D were taking on

14 They ... that they had completed the task.

A have reported

B report

C are reporting

D reported

15 For many years the Academy ... science education in the schools.

A promoted

B has promoted

C promotes

D is promoting

16 She will go to the university when she ... her paper.

A finishes

B will finish

C finished

D had finished

17 Not until the first land plants developed … .

A land animals appeared

B did land animals appear

C would land animals appear

D the land animals appear

18 ... in his chapter are general tendencies of telecommunications development.

A Discussing

B To discuss

C Discussed

D It was the discussion

19 ... created the donkey and elephant that symbolize the Democratic and Republican parties.

A It was Thomas Nast who

B Although Thomas Nast

C Thomas Nast, who

D That was Thomas Nast

20 An ultrasonic wave has ... a high frequency that it is inaudible.

A therefore

B above

C thus

D such

Ключ

Питання	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
Відповідь	B	B	A	D	B	A	B	C	A	D

ДОДАТОК 3. ПРИКЛАД ЗАВДАННЯ НІМЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮ